JP6600919B2 - 集光機構、太陽光発電装置及び窓構造 - Google Patents
集光機構、太陽光発電装置及び窓構造 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1は、本発明の集光機構の概略構成図である。本発明の集光機構20は、角度選択反射手段3と角度増加反射手段5とを備え、各手段は間隙をあけて配置される。本発明の集光機構20は、光源100からの光を角度選択反射手段3の表面(受光面)で受け、角度選択反射手段3の受光面を透過した光の少なくとも一部を当該機構内の間隙に閉じ込め、その間隙内を端縁に向けて光を伝搬させることで、集光機構20の端縁において集光させる機構である。本発明の集光機構20は、集光した光を、太陽光発電のための光電変換手段(太陽電池セル10)に供給することができる。ただし、これに限定されない。本発明の集光機構20は、集光した光を、光から熱エネルギーに変換可能な手段(例えば、ヒートパイプなど)に供給してもよいし、照明のための手段に供給してもよい。また、集光機能を備えた導光板として利用することもできる。
次いで、以下に、図1又は図4を用いて、光源100からの光が集光機構20に入射してから太陽電池セル10で受光されるまでの光路について説明する。光源100からの光は、一日の中で仰角及び方位角が変化するが、ここでは、簡単のため、光源100からの光は、集光機構20の法線Nを含み地面に対して垂直な面(以下、基準面という。)において仰角θ1をもって照射されるものとして取り扱う。
図2は、第1の実施形態の集光機構を備える二重の窓構造の概略構成図である。図2において、窓構造40Aは、住宅、ビルなどの建築物の壁面に略垂直に配置されている。説明のため、光源100の方向を屋外側、それとは反対の方向を屋内側という。また、屋外側から観て、窓構造の鉛直上を上側、鉛直下を下側、水平右を右側、水平左を左側という。本実施形態の窓構造40Aは、窓枠22、屋外側の窓ガラス24、及び屋内側の窓ガラス26を備え、窓ガラス24と窓ガラス26との間隙に集光機構20を含み、集光機構20によって導光される光を受光可能な適宜の位置(例えば、角度選択反射手段3及び角度増加反射手段5の間隙に接する位置)に太陽電池セル10を備えてもよい。窓構造40Aは、屋外側から、窓ガラス24、角度選択反射手段3(32、34)、角度増加反射手段5(52、54)、窓ガラス26の順で配置される。
上記では、集光機構の角度選択反射手段3及び角度増加反射手段5に、ホログラフィック光学素子を用い、かかるホログラフィック光学素子を二重の窓ガラスの間隙に配置した。本集光機構の角度選択反射手段3及び角度増加反射手段5は、反射ミラー(誘電体多層膜ミラー)によっても構成することができ、さらに、かかる反射ミラーを窓ガラス中に封入することもできる。これによって、集光機能を備える窓構造を構成することができる。
3 角度選択反射手段
5 角度増加反射手段
8 第1の機能性窓ガラス
9 第2の機能性窓ガラス
10 太陽電池セル
12 電源コネクタ
20 集光機構
40 窓構造
Claims (8)
- 第1閾値角度以上の入射角の光を反射し、前記第1閾値角度より小さい入射角の光の少なくとも一部を透過する角度選択反射手段と、入射した光をその入射角よりも大きい角度で反射する反射型ホログラフィック光学素子とを間隙をあけて配置し、
前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子は、入射する光の方位角を変更して反射できる偏向性を有し、前記角度選択反射手段を透過した光の少なくとも一部を、前記偏向性によって、反射型ホログラフィック光学素子から反射した光と反射型ホログラフィック光学素子の法線とを含む反射面が、反射型ホログラフィック光学素子に入射する光と反射型ホログラフィック光学素子の法線とを含む入射面とは異なるように、所定の方向に方位角を変更して前記第1閾値角度以上の角度で反射し、
前記角度選択反射手段は、前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子によって反射された前記第1閾値角度以上の角度の光を反射し、
前記角度選択反射手段と前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子との間隙で光を伝搬させて集光する集光機構。 - 前記角度選択反射手段は少なくとも一部の波長において透光性を有する材料の表面であり、
前記材料の裏面に前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集光機構。 - 前記材料は、ガラス又は樹脂材料であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の集光機構。
- 前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子は、角度選択性を有し、第2閾値角度以上の入射角で入射する光を反射し、前記第2閾値角度より小さい入射角で入射する光を透過することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の集光機構。
- 前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子は、波長選択性を有し、所定の波長範囲の光を透過することを特徴する請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の集光機構。
- 請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の集光機構を備える太陽光発電装置であって、
前記集光機構によって集光した光を受光し、発電する太陽電池セルを備えることを特徴とする太陽光発電装置。 - 集光機構を備える窓構造であって、
少なくとも一部の波長において透光性を有する材料の裏面に入射した光を前記材料の臨界角よりも大きい角度で反射する反射型ホログラフィック光学素子を設け、
前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子は、入射する光の方位角を変更して反射できる偏向性を有し、前記材料の表面から材料内に入射した光の少なくとも一部を、前記偏向性によって、反射型ホログラフィック光学素子から反射した光と反射型ホログラフィック光学素子の法線とを含む反射面が、反射型ホログラフィック光学素子に入射する光と反射型ホログラフィック光学素子の法線とを含む入射面とは異なるように、所定の方向に方位角を変更して前記臨界角以上の角度で反射し、
前記材料の表面は、前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子によって反射された光を全反射し、
前記材料の表面と前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子との間で光を伝搬させて集光する窓構造。 - 前記材料の表面及び前記反射型ホログラフィック光学素子によって前記所定の方向へ集光する光を受光し、発電する太陽電池セルを備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の窓構造。
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