JP6588425B2 - 高電圧放電及びオゾンによる水システムの処理方法 - Google Patents
高電圧放電及びオゾンによる水システムの処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2013年5月1日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/818229号の利益を主張する。
<発明の分野>
本発明は、プラズマを発生させる高電圧放電及び高電圧発生の副生成物であるオゾンを用いて流水システムを処理するシステム及び方法に関するもので、特に冷却塔や、他の再循環システム又は閉ループシステムの処理に有用である。
人工の水システムは、世界のエネルギー生産施設、産業関連の製造プラント、病院、並びに他の複合施設及び建築物の多くで一般的に見られる重要な構成要素である。これらシステムは、年間およそ7000億ガロンの水を消費し、補給水及び汚水処理のコストだけで18億ドルものコストを伴う。これら人工の水システムは全て、システムを効率的に作動させるために重要な熱伝達表面におけるスケール、バイオフィルム及び他の腐食性副生成物の蓄積を制御するための処理を、化学的又は非化学的な態様で行う必要がある。
第1の実験セットでは、試験用の冷却塔を用いた。この実験システムは図1に示されるシステムに相当するもので、構成要素の符号は、図1の参照符号を用いた。冷却塔(総容量100L)の水システム12に水を供給し、システムは水が循環するように設定した。水化学のモニタリングを優位制御システム(Advantage Control system)を用いて行ない、生物モニタリングを、2つのインハウス生物監視システムとChemTrak生物モニターを用いて行なった。これらのシステムは、大規模の業務用又は産業用冷却塔の運転において一般的に用いられるシステムであるか、又はそれに類似したシステムである。高電圧発生器システムを冷却塔中に組み込むために、熱交換器ラックから、機械式ボールバルブ及び12フィート長さで直径0.75インチの透明可撓性PVCチューブを介して、副流の流れ(流れ18)を引き出した。システムは、このバルブにより、処理される水の具体的組成に基づいて流動力学を変化させることができる。例えば、ベンチュリを通る流速を変えると、ガスバブルの水中への分布が変化し、高電圧放電電極で発生するプラズマの形態を変化させることができる。指向性高電圧放電を用いて生物学的制御を行うためのシステム全体の水処理に関しては、水量と流速が重要であるが、その理由は、処理の成功は、送達されるエネルギー量だけでなく、処理時間にも依存するからである。一般的なシステムでは、大量の水の中に細菌が絶えず増殖しているので、全処理時間(生物成分を含む水のカラムが高電圧放電と接触している全処理時間)を増やすために、システムの水の全量が高電圧放電ゾーンを通って繰り返し処理又は循環されるように、反応チャンバー36を通る流れを高流速にすることが重要である。
複数の接地保護システムを適所に配備して実施例1Aの実験を繰り返し行なった。接地は、システム全体の中で、サンプ54と配管の部分に(前述したネジとワイヤーの巻付けを使用し)行なった。図3は、水中の電磁場に有意な低下があることを示している。複数の接地システムを用いると、高電圧放電システムは、水システム12の一部に用いられた電子制御及び監視装置に問題を生じることなく、数時間に亘って連続運転することが可能である。
水中での非熱プラズマ放電について、微生物の不活性化に対する有効性を調べるために、ベンチレベルで4つの研究を行なった。水中でのプラズマ放電により、活性酸素種、UV放射及び圧力場衝撃波を発生するが、これらは全て、微生物を不活性化し得ることが知られている。プラズマ放電は、溶液中の電場を、その破壊電圧よりも増大させることによって達成されることができる。破壊電圧は、溶液の伝導度及び誘電特性に依存する。システム中に入力エネルギーと微生物の対数減少との関係が存在することが観察された。大腸菌の1対数減少(D値として知られている)を達成するのに必要な入力エネルギーは、14J/Lから366J/Lを超えるまで変化し得ることも実証された。シュードモナス属の幾つかの種に関する実験については、1対数減少を達成するのに必要な平均入力エネルギーは85kJ/Lであることが報告されている。
接地デバイスの任意の組合せもまた、本発明に係る任意の処理システムと共に用いられることができ、処理システムが発生する過剰エネルギーを獲得し(及びキャパシタ又はインダクタを用いて保存し)、低レベルのエネルギー場(電磁気的又は電気化学的)を発生させることにより、水処理プロセスに更なる利益がもたらされる。
Claims (17)
- 冷却用及び冷却された水が自動的にループされる水システムにおいて、前記水を高電圧プラズマ放電により処理する方法であって:
前記水システムに流体連通する入口と、出口と、本体と、少なくとも一部分が前記本体内に配備された高電圧電極と、少なくとも一部分が前記本体内に配備された接地電極とを含む反応チャンバーを具え、処理される水の少なくとも一部分を、前記水システムから前記反応チャンバーの中を通って流すこと;
マルクスラダーを有する高電圧発生器の中に電圧を発生させること;
前記高電圧発生器から前記高電圧電極へ電圧を供給することにより、少なくとも一部分が前記反応チャンバーの本体内部の水の中に浸漬された前記2つの電極間に高周波及び高電圧プラズマ放電を、処理される水の中に発生させること;
1又は2以上の電磁干渉サプレッサを水システムの1又は2以上の電子構成要素に接続するか、或いは、1又は2以上の接地デバイスを1又は2以上のパイプセグメント又は水システムのサンプに接続することにより、前記高周波及び高電圧プラズマ放電の結果として発生される電磁放射から水システム構成要素を保護すること;及び
前記本体の中又は前記本体の上流の水の部分に対して、1又は2種以上のガスを任意的に供給すること、
を含む方法。 - 前記高電圧プラズマ放電における各放電では、1又は2種以上の寿命の長い酸化化学物質が生成される、請求項1の方法。
- 前記1又は2種以上の寿命の長い酸化化学物質は、オゾン及び過酸化水素からなる群から選択される、請求項2の方法。
- 前記高電圧プラズマ放電における各放電では、1又は2種以上の寿命の短い酸化化学物質が生成される、請求項1の方法。
- 前記1又は2種以上の寿命の短い酸化化学物質は、スーパーオキシド、ヒドロキシルラジカル及び水素ラジカルからなる群から選択される、請求項4の方法。
- 前記高電圧プラズマ放電における各放電では、UV放射が生成される、請求項1の方法。
- 前記高電圧プラズマ放電における各放電では、音響衝撃波が生成される、請求項1の方法。
- 前記高電圧発生器への電力供給源を、水システムの他の構成要素と絶縁することをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記1又は2以上の接地デバイスは、水システム内の配管に巻かれたワイヤーを含む、請求項8の方法。
- 電気伝導度が、水システムのブローダウンを開始する電気伝導度の値よりも低い予め設定された閾値に達するか又は超えると、本体の中又は本体の上流の水の部分に供給されるガスの量を増加させることをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- 水は、微生物種を除去するために処理され、水が前記高電圧プラズマ放電で処理される間、殺生物剤は水に加えられない、請求項1の方法。
- 前記高電圧発生器の中に電圧を発生させるステップで生成されたオゾンを獲得すること、及び、前記オゾンを、本体の中又は本体の上流の水の部分に供給することをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記接地デバイスは、ワイヤーを含み、前記ワイヤーを水システムの配管及び地面に接続し、前記ワイヤーを通じて電流を流すことにより、水システムの水の中に磁場を発生させることをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記高電圧プラズマ放電を発生させるステップで生じた過剰エネルギーを獲得して、電流をワイヤーに供給することをさらに含む、請求項12の方法。
- 前記高電圧発生器の電極に空気をブローすることをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記ガスは、ベンチュリシステムを用いて、入口上流の水の部分に供給され、水がベンチュリシステムを通って流れるとき、前記水の部分の流速を調節することをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記高電圧電極に供給される電圧は200kVを超える、請求項1の方法。
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PCT/US2014/035706 WO2014179227A1 (en) | 2013-05-01 | 2014-04-28 | A system and method for treating water systems with high voltage discharge and ozone |
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