JP6581968B2 - 発酵食品組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
発酵食品組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6581968B2 JP6581968B2 JP2016512648A JP2016512648A JP6581968B2 JP 6581968 B2 JP6581968 B2 JP 6581968B2 JP 2016512648 A JP2016512648 A JP 2016512648A JP 2016512648 A JP2016512648 A JP 2016512648A JP 6581968 B2 JP6581968 B2 JP 6581968B2
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- lactic acid
- fermented
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Classifications
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- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/50—Fermented pulses or legumes; Fermentation of pulses or legumes based on the addition of microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
- A23L11/34—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances using chemical treatment, adsorption or absorption
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
- A23L11/37—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances using microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Description
(1)クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品を発酵させ、発酵食品組成物を製造する方法であって、以下に示す(a)〜(b):
(a)クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品に、少なくともロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性が75unit以上、720unit以下である乳酸菌、および2価の金属化合物を添加し、該食品のpHを4.0以上、8.5未満に調節しながら発酵させる工程、
(b)発酵させて得られた発酵食品組成物を回収する工程、
を含む製造方法。
(2)前記2価の金属化合物がマグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物および亜鉛化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つ以上である(1)に記載の製造方法。
(3)前記2価の金属化合物の添加量が2mmol/L以上、1mol/L未満である(1)または(2)に記載の製造方法。
(4)前記2価の金属化合物の添加量が20mmol/L以上、150mmol/L以下である(3)に記載の製造方法。
(5)前記クラス2食物アレルゲンが、BetV1および/またはBetV2のアミノ酸配列と20%以上の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質である(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(6)前記クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品が大豆および/または大豆加工食品である(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(7)前記乳酸菌がラクトバチルス属、ラクトコッカス属、ロイコノストック属、ペディオコッカス属およびエンテロコッカス属に属する乳酸菌からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つ以上である(1)〜(6)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(8)発酵時間が8時間以上36時間以下である(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(9)(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の製造方法により得られる発酵食品組成物。
(10)(9)に記載の発酵食品組成物を含有する食品。
(11)(9)に記載の発酵食品組成物を含有する飼料。
さらに、本発明の製造方法により得られる発酵食品組成物は、クラス2食物アレルゲンが十分に低減されていることから、花粉症やラテックスアレルギーに罹患している人にとって、安全に摂取することができ、また、良好な風味を有しているため、クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品の代替として使用可能である。
本発明は、クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品を発酵させて発酵食品組成物を製造する方法に関する。
本発明の製造方法は、クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品に、少なくともロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性が75unit以上、720unit以下である乳酸菌、および2価の金属化合物を添加し、該食品のpHを4.0以上、8.5未満に調節しながら発酵する(a)の工程を含む。
より具体的な一例としては、
(1)ラクトバチルス・ヘルベティクス(Lactobacillus helveticus)K−4株(平成3年5月15日付で工業技術院微生物工業技術研究所 特許寄託センターに微工研菌寄12249号(FERM P−12249)として寄託されている)、
(2)ペディオコッカス・アシディラクティシ(Pediococcus acidilactici) R037株(2010年2月10日付で独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許微生物寄託センター(NPMD) 〒292−0818 日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2−5−8に受託番号NITE BP−900として寄託されている。)、
(3)ペディオコッカス・エスピー(Pediococcus sp.)379株(2013年12月4日付で独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許微生物寄託センター(NPMD) 〒292−0818 日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2−5−8に受託番号NITE P−01773として寄託され、2014年11月17日付でブダペスト条約の規定下で受託番号NITE BP−01773として国際寄託に移管されている)、
(4)ペディオコッカス・エスピー(Pediococcus sp.)380株(2013年12月4日付で独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許微生物寄託センター(NPMD) 〒292−0818 日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2−5−8に受託番号NITE P−01772として寄託され、2014年11月17日付でブダペスト条約の規定下で受託番号NITE BP−01772として国際寄託に移管されている)、
(5)ストレプトコッカス・エスピー(Streptococcus sp.)462株(2013年12月4日付で独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許微生物寄託センター(NPMD) 〒292−0818 日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2−5−8に受託番号NITE P−01771として寄託され、2014年11月17日付でブダペスト条約の規定下で受託番号NITE BP−01771として国際寄託に移管されている)、
などが挙げられる。
なお、前記2価の金属化合物の添加量を測定するための前記クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品の状態としては、前記食品を乳酸菌によって発酵させるために液状組成物としている状態をいう。
市販の乾燥大豆を水洗し、9倍量の水に3時間浸漬した後、ミキサーでペースト状に粉砕、ガーゼでろ過し、豆乳を調製する。該豆乳にグルコース1%および炭酸カルシウム1.5%(150mmol/L)を添加し、90℃、15分の条件により滅菌した後、乳酸菌を接種し、37℃で24時間、攪拌しながら発酵させた。
PBS(10mM リン酸バッファー 150mM NaCl pH7.4)で100倍希釈した発酵前後の豆乳を「96ウェルELISAプレート」(イワキ社製)に100μL添加し、37℃で30分間静置し、プレートに固定した。発酵前後の豆乳を除去後、蒸留水で5倍希釈したブロッキング剤「BlockingOne」(商品名、ナカライテスク社製)を各ウェルに200μL添加し、室温で1時間静置した。各ウェルを洗浄用バッファー「PBST」(10mM リン酸バッファー、150mM NaCl、0.05%Tween(登録商標)20、pH7.4)で3回洗浄後、抗体希釈液「Can Get Signal(登録商標) Solution 1」(商品名、東洋紡社製)で1000倍希釈したGlym4に特異的なウサギ抗血清を各ウェルに50μL添加し、37℃で1時間静置した。
各ウェルをPBSTで3回洗浄後、抗体希釈液「Can Get Signal(登録商標) Solution 2」(商品名、東洋紡社製)で1000倍希釈したペルオキシダーゼ標識ヤギ抗ウサギIgG抗体(Thermo社製)を各ウェルに50μL添加し、37℃で1時間静置した。各ウェルをPBSTで5回洗浄後、「ELISA POD基質 TMBキット」(商品名、ナカライテスク社製)を各ウェル100μL添加し、室温で15分静置後(発色反応)、1M硫酸を各ウェル100μL添加(発色停止)し、450nmの吸光度を測定した。得られた発酵前の豆乳と発酵後の豆乳の吸光度を用いて、Glym4の低減率を式(1)にて計算した。
乳酸菌を10mLの滅菌済みMK−1培地(0.5%酵母エキス、1% ペプトン、1% グルコースpH6.8)で37℃、24時間培養し、遠心分離により菌体を集菌した。菌体を30mLの50mM リン酸バッファー(0.4mM EDTA−3mM DTT、pH6.2)で洗浄後、再度遠心分離し、湿菌体を得た。該湿菌体重量を電子天秤(ザルトリウス社製)にて測定し、湿菌体の重量を測定した後、30mLの50mM リン酸バッファーに懸濁した菌体懸濁液をロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性測定に供した。菌体懸濁液0.1mLに0.2mM L−ロイシン−β−ナフチルアミド溶液(L−Leucin−β−naphtylamide/50mM リン酸バッファー)を2mL加え、37℃で1時間酵素反応を行った。酵素反応液に、1mLの0.23N HCl/エタノール溶液を加え、酵素反応を停止させ、0.06%p−ジメチルアミノシンナムアルデヒド/エタノール溶液を加え、37℃、30分間インキュベーション後、540nmにおける吸光度を測定し、反応液の吸光度を測定した。また、ブランクは2mLの0.2mM L−ロイシン−β−ナフチルアミド溶液の代わりに、2mLの50mM リン酸バッファーを用いて、前記操作を行い、吸光度を測定した。得られたブランクと反応液の540nmにおける吸光度および湿菌体の重量を用いて、乳酸菌のロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性を式(2)にて計算した。
食品から分離した乳酸菌のうち、上記活性測定法を用いてロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性が50unit以上の乳酸菌を選別した。
10℃に調製した発酵大豆を5名のパネラーに試飲してもらい、大豆臭と風味を官能にて評価した。大豆臭の評価は、大豆臭を感じないものは「○」、大豆臭をやや感じる場合は「△」、大豆臭を感じる場合は「×」として評価した。風味の評価については、風味が良いものを「○」、風味があまり良くないものを「△」、風味が良くないものを「×」として評価した。
上記発酵豆乳の調製方法に記載の方法に準じて、乳酸菌、ラクトバチルス・デルブリッキー・サブエスピー・ラクティスKLAB−4株(以下、LAB4株と記載)、ラクトバチルス・ヘルベティクスK−4株(以下、K4株と記載)およびペディオコッカス・アシディラクティシR037株(以下、R037株と記載)を用いて発酵豆乳を調製し、上記Glym4の測定法に記載の方法に準じて、発酵豆乳中のGlym4を測定した。Glym4の低減率を以下の式で求め、表1に示す。
なお、ラクトバチルス・デルブリッキー・サブエスピー・ラクティス(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis)KLAB−4株は、2007年8月9日付で独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許微生物寄託センター(NPMD) 〒292−0818 日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2−5−8に受託番号NITE P−394として寄託され、2008年9月22日付でブダペスト条約の規定下で受託番号NITE BP−394として国際寄託に移管されている。
上記乳酸菌のロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性測定方法に記載の方法に準じて、LAB4株、K4株、R037株のロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
食品素材等から分離した乳酸菌15株を対象に、上記乳酸菌のロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性測定方法に記載の方法に準じて、各乳酸菌のロイシンアミノペプチダーゼを測定し、ロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性が50unit以上の菌株、ペディオコッカス・エスピー380株(以下、380株と記載)、ペディオコッカス・エスピー379株(以下、379株と記載)、ストレプトコッカス・エスピー462株(以下、462株と記載)を得た。これらの乳酸菌3株のロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性を表3に示す。
上記発酵豆乳の調製方法に記載した方法に準じて、380株、379株、462株を用いて発酵豆乳を調製し、Glym4低減率を求めた。その結果を表4に示す。
したがって、実施例1から実施例4の結果より、ロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性が75unit以上、720unit未満の乳酸菌であれば、40%以上のGlym4低減率を有することを見出した。
市販の乾燥大豆より調製した豆乳に、グルコース1%、金属化合物として、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸水素ナトリウムを各々1.5%(150mmol/L)、1.7%(150mmol/L)、1.7%(150mmol/L)添加し、90℃、15分滅菌後、R037株を接種し、37℃で24時間、攪拌発酵し、発酵豆乳を調製した。各発酵豆乳中のGlym4を測定し、金属化合物を添加しなかった以外は同様に調整した発酵豆乳と比較した。その結果を表5に示す。
市販の乾燥大豆より調製した豆乳に、グルコース1%および、炭酸カルシウムを0.02%(2mmol/L)、0.2%(20mmol/L)、0.4%(40mmol/L)、0.6%(60mmol/L)、0.8%(80mmol/L)、1.5%(150mmol/L)、3,0%(300mmol/L)、10%(1000mmol/L)となるように各々添加し、90℃、15分滅菌後、R037株を接種し、2価の金属化合物の濃度が0.02〜0.4%である豆乳は25%水酸化ナトリウム溶液でpHをpH5.5に維持しながら37℃で24時間、攪拌発酵し、2価の金属化合物の濃度が0.6〜10%の豆乳はpH制御をせずに37℃で24時間、攪拌発酵し、各々の発酵豆乳を調製した。前記発酵豆乳中のGlym4を測定し、Glym4低減率を算出した。Glym4低減率ならびに発酵後のpHを表6に示す。
市販の乾燥大豆より調製した豆乳に、グルコース1%、炭酸カルシウム0.2%(20mmol/L)になるよう添加し90℃、15分滅菌後、R037株を接種し、25%水酸化ナトリウム溶液でpHをpH5.5、pH6.5、pH7.5、pH8.5に維持しながら37℃で24時間、攪拌発酵し、発酵豆乳を調製した。各制御pHで調製した発酵豆乳中のGlym4を測定し、pH制御を行わない以外は同様に調整した発酵豆乳と比較した。その結果を表7に示す。
市販無調整豆乳に、グルコース1%および炭酸カルシウム0.6%(60mmol/L)を加え、90℃、15分間滅菌し、R037株を接種後、37℃で8時間、12時間、24時間、36時間、72時間の各時間で攪拌発酵し、各々の発酵豆乳を調製した。
各発酵豆乳について、Glym4を測定し、未発酵の豆乳と比較した。また、各発酵豆乳および未発酵の豆乳について、上記、官能評価に記載の方法に準じて、臭いおよび味を3点法(×不良、△;普通、○;良好)で行った。Glym4の減少率および官能評価の結果を表8に示す。なお、Glym4の低減率が40%以上であり、「臭い」および「味」の少なくとも1つが「○」であるものを合格品とした。
Claims (7)
- クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品を発酵させ、発酵食品組成物を製造する方法であって、以下に示す(a)〜(b):
(a)クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品に、少なくともロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ活性が75unit以上、720unit以下である乳酸菌、および2価の金属化合物を添加し、該食品のpHを4.0以上、8.5未満に調節しながら発酵する工程、
(b)発酵して得られた発酵食品組成物を回収する工程、
を含み、かつ
前記クラス2食物アレルゲンを有する食品が大豆および/または大豆加工食品である製造方法。 - 前記2価の金属化合物がマグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物および亜鉛化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つ以上である請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記2価の金属化合物の添加量が2mmol/L以上、1mol/L未満である請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記2価の金属化合物の添加量が20mmol/L以上、150mmol/L以下である請求項3に記載の製造方法。
- 前記クラス2食物アレルゲンが、BetV1および/またはBetV2のアミノ酸配列と20%以上の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記乳酸菌がラクトバチルス属、ラクトコッカス属、ロイコノストック属、ペディオコ
ッカス属およびエンテロコッカス属に属する乳酸菌からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1
つ以上である請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。 - 発酵時間が8時間以上36時間以下である請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
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