JP6523397B2 - ベンゾジアゼピン組成物の投与 - Google Patents
ベンゾジアゼピン組成物の投与 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6523397B2 JP6523397B2 JP2017185485A JP2017185485A JP6523397B2 JP 6523397 B2 JP6523397 B2 JP 6523397B2 JP 2017185485 A JP2017185485 A JP 2017185485A JP 2017185485 A JP2017185485 A JP 2017185485A JP 6523397 B2 JP6523397 B2 JP 6523397B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- benzodiazepine
- administration
- drug
- seizures
- diazepam
- Prior art date
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- BJORNXNYWNIWEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.N1CCN=C1C1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC1 BJORNXNYWNIWEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003573 thiols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002992 thymic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001918 tiagabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PBJUNZJWGZTSKL-MRXNPFEDSA-N tiagabine Chemical compound C1=CSC(C(=CCCN2C[C@@H](CCC2)C(O)=O)C2=C(C=CS2)C)=C1C PBJUNZJWGZTSKL-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N triamcinolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@]([C@H](O)C4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229950009811 ubenimex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M valproate semisodium Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC.CCCC(C([O-])=O)CCC MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002911 zonisamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UBQNRHZMVUUOMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zonisamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CS(=O)(=O)N)=NOC2=C1 UBQNRHZMVUUOMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003772 α-tocopherols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
- A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
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Description
本出願は、2011年6月14日に出願された米国仮出願61/497,017号及び2011年12月13日に出願された米国仮出願61/570,110号に対する優先権を主張し、各々はその全体において参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる。
本明細書で言及されるすべての公報、特許、及び特許出願は、個々の公報、特許、又は特許出願が、それぞれ、引用によって組み込まれるように、明確に且つ個々に示されるのと同じ程度まで、引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書に使用されるように、句「治療上効果的な量」(より簡潔には「効果的な量」)は、薬物が特定の処置を必要とする患者に投与される具体的な治療反応を提供するのに十分な量を含む。熟練した臨床医は、薬物の治療上効果的な量は、患者、効能及び投与された特定の薬物に依存することを認識する。
本発明の文脈において、用語「ベンゾジアゼピン薬物」は、任意の治療上効果的なベンゾジアゼピン化合物、又は薬学的に許容可能な塩、又はその組み合わせを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、ベンゾジアゼピンは、アルプラゾラム、ジアゼパム、フルラゼパム、ロラゼパム、メダゼパム、メキサゾラム、ミダゾラム、テマゼパム及び薬学的に許容可能な塩、及びその組み合わせからなる群のメンバーを含む。
ベンゾジアゼピンは一般に式Iの基本構造を有する:
ビタミンEは、脂溶性メチル化フェノールのクラスである。このクラスを含む少なくとも8つの自然発生の化合物、つまりα−トコフェロール、β−トコフェロール、γ−トコフェロール、δ−トコフェロール、α−トコトリエノール、β−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール、及びδ−トコトリエノールがあり、それらのすべては本発明の組成物及び方法の中で使用され得る。これらの化合物の各々の複数の異性体があり、それらのすべては本発明の組成物及び方法の中で使用され得る。トコフェルソランを含むこれらの化合物の各々の複数のエステルもあり、それらのすべては本発明の組成物及び方法の中で使用され得る。本明細書で使用されているように、ビタミンEは、天然又は合成のトコフェロール、トコトリエノール、その任意の異性体、その任意のエステル、その任意のアナログ又は誘導体、あるいは、その任意の組み合わせのいずれかを指す。
ビタミンEを含む化合物は、抗酸化剤である。また、心臓疾患、癌、白内障、黄斑変性、緑内障、アルツハイマー病、及びパーキンソン病を防ぐ、それらの発症を遅らせる、またはその症状を改善することができるという証拠もある。発明者は、ビタミンEが、ベンゾジアゼピン薬物のために有効な担体を提供することができることを知った。幾つかの実施形態では、ベンゾジアゼピンは、ビタミンE中で、可溶性であるか、または部分的に可溶性である。幾つかの実施形態では、ビタミンEは、微粒子、ナノ粒子、あるいは、その任意の組み合わせとして存在してもよい。さらに、ビタミンEの使用には、感受性の粘膜の刺激を回避する及び/又は刺激された粘膜を和らげる、さらなる利点がある。
幾つかの実施形態では、組成物は、ベンゾジアゼピン薬物、天然又は合成のトコフェロール又はトコトリエノール、及びアルコール又はグリコールに加えて、少なくとも1つの浸透促進剤を含む。幾つかの実施形態において、浸透促進剤は、少なくとも1つのアルキルグリコシドである。幾つかの実施形態において、アルキルグリコシドは、その全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる、文米国特許第5,661,130号に記載されるように、任意の疎水性アルキルに結合した任意の糖を指す。疎水性アルキルは、任意の適切な長さ、例えば約9乃至約24の炭素の長さ、特に約10乃至約14の炭素の長さであり得る。疎水性アルキルは、分枝される及び/又は部分的に又は全体的に不飽和であり得る。アルキルは、例えばカルボニル基を介して糖類コアに結合され得、それによって、エステル基が形成され得る。適切なアルキルグリコシドは、本明細書に記載されるように鼻腔内で投与されると、非毒性、非イオン性である、およびベンゾジアゼピンの吸収を増加することができる特性を有するであろう。本発明によるアルキルに共有結合され得る典型的な糖類は、グルコース、マルトース、マルトトリオース、マルトテトロース、スクロース及びトレハロースを含む。使用されてもよい典型的なアルキルグリコシドは、オクチル−、ノニル−、デシル−、ウンデシル−、ドデシル、トリデシル、テトラデシル、ペンタデシル、オクタデシルα−又はβ−D−マルトシド、−グルコシド又はスクロシドを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、好ましいグリコシドは、9、10、12、14、16、18又は20の炭素原子のアルキル鎖に対するグリコシド結合によって連結された、マルトース、スクロース又はグルコースを含む。本発明による鼻用組成物で使用されてもよい具体的な賦形剤は、アルキル糖類、ドデシルマルトシド、テトラデシルマルトシド、スクロースドデカノアート、スクロースモノステアアラート、スクロースジステアラート、及び/又はその2つ以上の組み合わせを含む。特に本発明の実施形態に有用と考えられるアルキルグリコシドは、Aegis Therapeutics, LLC, San Diego, CAによってIntravail(登録商標)の名称の下、市場に出されているものを含む。他のアルキルグリコシドは、約10−20、特に約11−15の親水性親油性比(HLB)の数値を有するものから選択され得る。HLB値は、2009年2月19日に公開された、公報US2009/0047347に明記されるように決定されてもよく、その全体、および特に段落[0075]−[0079]は、引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。存在する場合、組成物中のアルキルグリコシドの量は、鼻腔内経路によって投与されたベンゾジアゼピン薬物の吸収を増強するのに十分である。幾つかの実施形態において、組成物中のアルキルグリコシドの量は、ベンゾジアゼピン薬物の吸収を増強するように選択されるが、同時に、鼻粘膜をそれほど刺激しない。幾つかの実施形態において、組成物中のアルキルグリコシドの量は、約0.01%(w/v)乃至約1%(w/v)の範囲である。幾つかの実施形態において、組成物中のアルキルグリコシドの量は、約0.05%(w/v)内乃至約0.5%(w/v)、または約0.125%(w/v)乃至約0.5%(w/v)の範囲である。
粘膜の調剤は、250μL未満、好ましくは150μL未満、及び理想的には25乃至100μLの用量を有している、定量の噴霧剤で一般に投与される。本発明では禁止されてはいないが、1回の投与当たり約300μLより多い量の投与は、通常、膜の吸収能力を超えている。これによって、結果的に、薬学的に活性な成分の大部分が失われる。
アルプラゾラムの投与量は、効能によって異なるが、治療量は、1日当たり、1乃至8、好ましくは2乃至8、及び幾つかの好ましい実施形態において約4乃至約6回、1回の投与当たり、約0.5乃至約4、好ましくは約1乃至約2mgの範囲となることが予期される。アルプラゾラムは、米国特許第3,987,052号に開示されるプロセスを使用して製造されてもよく、これはその全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
ジアゼパムの投与量は、効能によって異なるが、治療量は、1日当たり、1乃至8、好ましくは2乃至8、及び幾つかの好ましい実施形態において約4乃至約6回、1回の投与当たり、約1乃至約20、好ましくは約2乃至約10mgの範囲となることが予期される。ジアゼパムは、米国特許第3,371,085号、第3,109,843号、第3,136,815号又は第3,102,116号の1つで開示されるプロセスを使用して製造されてもよく、これら各々はその全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
フルラゼパムの投与量は、効能によって異なるが、治療量は、1日当たり、1乃至8、好ましくは2乃至8、及び幾つかの好ましい実施形態において約4乃至約6回、1回の投与当たり、約5乃至40、好ましくは約20乃至約35mgの範囲となることが予期される。フルラゼパムは、米国特許第3,567,710号又は第3,299,053号に開示されるプロセスを使用して製造されてもよく、これら各々はその全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
ロラゼパムの投与量は、効能によって異なるが、治療量は、1日当たり、1乃至8、好ましくは2乃至8、及び幾つかの好ましい実施形態において約4乃至約6回、1回の投与当たり、約0.1乃至約10、好ましくは約0.2乃至約1mgの範囲となることが予期される。ロラゼパムは、米国特許第3,296,249号に開示されるプロセスを使用して製造されてもよく、これはその全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
メダゼパムの投与量は、効能によって異なるが、治療量は、1日当たり、1乃至8、好ましくは2乃至8、及び幾つかの好ましい実施形態において約4乃至約6回、1回の投与当たり、約0.1乃至約10、好ましくは約0.2乃至約1mgの範囲となることが予期される。メダゼパムは、米国特許第3,243,427号に開示されるプロセスを使用して製造されてもよく、これはその全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
メキサゾラムの投与量は、効能によって異なるが、治療量は、1日当たり、1乃至8、好ましくは2乃至8、及び幾つかの好ましい実施形態において約4乃至約6回、1回の投与当たり、約0.1乃至約10、好ましくは約0.2乃至約1mgの範囲となることが予期される。メキサゾラムは、米国特許第3,722,371号に開示されるプロセスを使用して製造されてもよく、これはその全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
ミダゾラムの投与量は、効能によって異なるが、治療量は、1日当たり、1乃至8、好ましくは2乃至8、及び幾つかの好ましい実施形態において約4乃至約6回、1回の投与当たり、約0.1乃至約20、好ましくは約0.2乃至約10mgの範囲となることが予期される。ミダゾラムは、米国特許第4,280,957号又は第5,831,089号の1つで開示されるプロセスを使用して製造されてもよく、これら各々はその全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
テマゼパムの投与量は、効能によって異なるが、治療量は、1日当たり、1乃至8、好ましくは2乃至8、及び幾つかの好ましい実施形態において約4乃至約6回、1回の投与当たり、約1乃至約50、好ましくは約5乃至約30mgの範囲となることが予期される。テマゼパムは、米国特許第3,340,253号又は第3,374,225号に開示されるプロセスを使用して製造されてもよく、これら各々はその全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
幾つかの実施形態は、治療上有効な量の1つ以上のベンゾジアゼピン薬物、あるいはその薬学的に許容可能な塩を、患者の1つ以上の粘膜に投与する工程を含む。組成物の幾つかの実施形態は、約600mg/mLまでの濃度で、1つ以上のベンゾジアゼピン薬物又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩を含む組成物を開示する。他の組成物は、約10mg/mLから約250mg/mLまでの濃度で、1つ以上のベンゾジアゼピン薬物又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩を含む組成物を開示する。さらに、幾つかの実施形態は、約20mg/mLから約50mg/mLまでの濃度で、1つ以上のベンゾジアゼピン薬物又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩を含む組成物を開示する。
幾つかの実施形態において、経鼻投与用の組成物は、それについてベンゾジアゼピンの微粒子、ナノ粒子又はその組み合わせが実質的にない。幾つかの実施形態において、組成物は、ビタミンEを液化されるまでゆっくり暖め、加熱することによって作られる。次に、1つ以上のベンゾジアゼピン薬物が加えられる。1つ以上のベンゾジアゼピン薬物が溶解するか、または実質的に溶解されるまで、混合物は、撹拌され、加熱される。次に、1つ以上のアルコール又はグリコール、あるいは、その任意の組み合わせは、組成物に加えられる。それほど粘着性ではない組成物が達成されるまで、この組成物は撹拌される。
さらに、組成物及び組成物を使用する方法の幾つかの実施形態は、活性成分から選択された組成物中に追加の成分を含む。限定されていない例として、そのような活性成分は、インスリン、カルシトニン(例えば、ブタ、ヒト、サケ、ニワトリ、または、ウナギ)及びその合成修飾、エンケファリン、LHRHおよびアナログ(ナファレリン、ブセレリン、ゾリデックス(Zolidex))、GHRH(成長ホルモン放出ホルモン)、ニフェジピン、THF(胸腺液性因子)、CGRP(カルシトニン遺伝子関連ペプチド)、心房性ナトリウム利尿ペプチド、抗生物質、メトクロプラミド、エルゴタミン、ピゾチジン(Pizotizin)、経鼻ワクチン(特にHIVワクチン、麻疹、ライノウイルス・タイプ13、及び、呼吸器系の合胞体(syncitial)ウイルス)、ペンタミジン、CCK(コレシストキニン(Cholecystikinine))、DDVAP、インターフェロン、成長ホルモン(ソラトトロピア(solatotropir)ポリペプチド又はそれらの誘導体(好ましくは1000から300000までの分子量を有する))、セクレチン、ブラジキニンアンタゴニスト、GRF(成長ホルモン放出因子)、THF、TRH(甲状腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン)、ACTHアナログ、IGF(インシュリン様増殖因子))、CGRP(カルシトリン(Calcitorin)遺伝子に関連するペプチド)心房性ナトリウム利尿ペプチド、バソプレシンおよびアナログ(DDAVP、リプレッシン)、メトクロプラミド、偏頭痛の処置(ジヒドロエルゴタミン、エルゴメトリン、エルゴタミン、ピゾチジン)、経鼻ワクチン(特にエイズワクチン)第VIII因子、コロニー刺激因子、G−コロニー刺激因子(顆粒球コロニー刺激因子)、EPO(エリスロポエチン(Erythropoitin))PTH(副甲状腺ホルモン)又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩又は組み合わせを含む。
幾つかの実施形態において、組成物の投与は、少なくとも1つの粘膜に、治療上効果的な量の組成物の少なくとも一部を投与することを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、組成物の投与は、少なくとも1つの鼻孔に、治療上効果的な量の組成物の少なくとも一部を噴霧することを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、組成物の投与は、それぞれの鼻孔に、治療上効果的な量の組成物の少なくとも一部を噴霧することを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、組成物の投与は、第1の鼻孔へ第1の量の組成物を噴霧すること、第2の鼻孔へ第2量の組成物を噴霧すること、及び、随意にあらかじめ選択された時間遅延の後に、第1の鼻孔へ第3の量の組成物を噴霧することを含む。幾つかの実施形態は、随意にあらかじめ選択された時間遅延の後に、第2の鼻孔に少なくとも第4の量の組成物を投与することをさらに含む。
アルプラゾラムの投与量は徴候によって異なるが、しかしながら、治療量は、投与量当たり約0.5から約4mgまで、好ましくは投与量当たり1から約2mg、1日当たり1乃至8回まで、好ましくは1日当たり2乃至8回まで、及び、幾つかの好ましい実施形態では、1日当たり約4から6回までの範囲にあることが予想される。アルプラゾラムは、引用によってそのまま本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許3,987,052に開示されたプロセスを用いて製造されてもよい。
ジアゼパムの投与量は兆候によって異なることがあるが、治療量は、投与量当たり約1から約20mgまで、好ましくは投与量当たり2から約10mg、1日当たり1乃至8回まで、好ましくは1日当たり2乃至8回まで、及び、幾つかの好ましい実施形態では、1日当たり約4から6回までの範囲にあることが予想される。ジアゼパムは、引用によってそのまま本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許3,371,085、3,109,843、3,136,815、又は、3,102,116の1つで開示されたプロセスを用いて製造されてもよい。
フルラゼパムの投与量は兆候によって異なるが、治療量は、投与量当たり約5から約40mgまで、好ましくは投与量当たり20から約35mgまで、1日当たり1乃至8回まで、好ましくは1日当たり2乃至8回まで、及び、幾つかの好ましい実施形態では、1日当たり約4から6回までの範囲にあることが予想される。フルラゼパムは、引用によってそのまま本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許3,567,710又は3,299,053で開示されたプロセスを用いて製造されてもよい。
ロラゼパムの投与量は兆候によって異なるが、治療量は、投与量当たり約0.1から約10mgまで、好ましくは投与量当たり0.2から約1mgまで、1日当たり1乃至8回まで、好ましくは1日当たり2乃至8回まで、及び、幾つかの好ましい実施形態では、1日当たり約4から6回までの範囲にあることが予想される。ロラゼパムは,引用によってそのまま本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許3,296,249で開示されたプロセスを用いて製造されてもよい。
メダゼパムの投与量は兆候によって異なるが、治療量は、投与量当たり約0.1から約10mgまで、好ましくは投与量当たり0.2から約1mgまで、1日当たり1乃至8回まで、好ましくは1日当たり2乃至8回まで、及び、幾つかの好ましい実施形態では、1日当たり約4から6回までの範囲にあることが予想される。メダゼパムは、引用によってそのまま本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許3,243,427で開示されたプロセスを用いて製造されてもよい。
メキサゾラムの投与量は兆候によって異なるが、治療量は、投与量当たり約0.1から約10mgまで、好ましくは投与量当たり0.2から約1mgまで、1日当たり1乃至8回まで、好ましくは1日当たり2乃至8回まで、及び、幾つかの好ましい実施形態では、1日当たり約4から6回までの範囲にあることが予想される。メキサゾラムは、引用によってそのまま本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許3,722,371で開示されたプロセスを用いて製造されてもよい。
ミダゾラムの投与量は兆候によって異なるが、治療量は、投与量当たり約0.1から約20mgまで、好ましくは投与量当たり0.2から約10mgまで、1日当たり1乃至8回まで、好ましくは1日当たり2乃至8回まで、及び、幾つかの好ましい実施形態では、1日当たり約4から6回までの範囲にあることが予想される。ミダゾラムは、引用によってそのまま本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許4,280,957又は5,831,089の1つで開示されたプロセスを用いて製造されてもよい。
テマゼパムの投与量は兆候によって異なるが、治療量は、投与量当たり約1から約50mgまで、好ましくは投与量当たり約5から約30mgまで、1日当たり1乃至8回まで、好ましくは1日当たり2乃至8回まで、及び、幾つかの好ましい実施形態では、1日当たり約4から6回までの範囲にあることが予想される。テマゼパムは、引用によってそのまま本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許3,340,253又は3,374,225の1つで開示されたプロセスを用いて製造されてもよい。
本発明は以下の例示的な限定されない実施例に関連してここで例証される。
ジアゼパムを含む医薬組成物が調製される。それは、経鼻送達装置によって送達される溶液として処方される。組成物は、成人のてんかんに関連する発作を処置または予防するために使用される。処置は発作が始まる前に、又は始まった後に、投与される。患者が発作に襲われている場合、発作が収まるまで5分ごとに、任意の経鼻送達装置(5.0mg/パフ(5.0mg/0.1パフ、および、0.1mL/パフ)で一吹き(puff))から一吹きとして投与される。しかしながら、発作が収まるまで5分ごとに、各々の鼻孔で1つの鼻孔当たり一吹き(2.5mg/パフ(5.0mg/0.1mL、及び、0.05mL/パフ)の2吹き)としてそれを与えることができる。この例による組成物が以下の表で説明される。
ジアゼパムを含む医薬組成物が調製される。それは、経鼻送達装置によって送達される溶液として処方される。組成物は子どものてんかんに関連する発作を処置または予防するために使用される。処置は発作が始まる前に、又は始まった後に投与される。患者が発作に襲われているとき、任意の経鼻送達装置から一吹きで投与される(2.0mg/パフ(2.0mg/0.1mL、および、0.1mL/パフで一吹き)。発作が止まらなかった場合、5分後に別の用量が投与されてもよい。しかしながら、各々の鼻孔で1つの鼻孔当たり一吹きとしてそれを与えることができる(1.0mg/パフ(2.0mg/0.1mL及び0.05mL/パフ)で2吹き)。発作が止まらなかった場合、5分後に別の用量が投与されてもよい。本実施例による組成物が以下の表で説明される。
一般に、ベンゾジアゼピン溶液は、1つ以上の天然又は合成のトコフェロール又はトコトリエノールを1つ以上の低級アルコール又はグリコールと組み合わせること、および、均一混合物が形成されるまで混合すること、均一混合物にベンゾジアゼピン薬物を加えること、ベンゾジアゼピンが均一混合物に完全に溶解するまで成分を加熱して混合すること、混合物を冷却すること、および、、その混合物を、低級アルコール又はグリコールを含むその最終的な質量又は容量にすることによって、処方されてもよい。
一般に、ベンゾジアゼピン懸濁液は、ベンゾジアゼピンを微粉化し、担体とベンゾジアゼピンを組み合わせることによって処方される。担体は、1つ以上の低級アルコール又はグリコールを水と組み合わせること、天然又は合成のトコフェロール又はトコトリエノールを加えること、トコフェロール又はトコトリエノールが溶解するまで混合物を加熱すること、1つ以上のパラベンを追加すること、及びパラベンが溶解するまで混合すること、および、担体を冷却することによって、調製される。ひとたびベンゾジアゼピンが担体に加えられると、界面活性剤など追加の賦形剤を随意に加え、担体中で溶解させることができる。その後、懸濁液を、水を用いてその最終的な質量又は容積にする。
溶液00及び02(<実施例3>)と、懸濁液01及び03(<実施例4>)は、25°C/60%RH、30°C/65%RH、及び、40°C/75%RHでの安定性で設定された。対応するアクチュエータに加えて、ねじ蓋付き密封容器を備える3mlのバイアルに入れた4つの異なる製剤のそれぞれの1つのバッチは、3つの貯蔵条件で設定された。それらは、対応する粒子科学の最初のサンプル対照番号とともに表1に列挙される。
実施例3及び4に記載されていた溶液及び懸濁液はすべて、ドデシルマルトシド、テトラデシルマルトシド、スクロースドデカノアート、スクロースモノステアレート、スクロースジステアレート、及び/又は、それらの2以上の組み合わせなどの本明細書に記載されているような、あるいは、カリフォルニア州サンディエゴのAegis TherapeuticsによってIntravail(登録商標)として販売されるような、適切な量のアルキルグリコシドを加えて、実施例3及び4に記載されているように処方される。その後、追加したアルキルグリコシドを含む溶液及び懸濁液は、実施例5に記載されているような安定性が設定されてもよい。
実施例3、4及び6の溶液及び懸濁液は、マウス、ラット、ウサギ又はイヌなどの適切な動物モデル中の薬物動態について評価される。まず、それぞれの動物(例えば、ウサギ)は、ベンゾジアゼピン薬物量を静脈内に投与される。静脈内に投与されたベンゾジアゼピン薬物の量は、経鼻的に投与される有効量と考えられる量よりも少なくなるように(例えば、およそ半分)選択される。例えば、ウサギに投与されたジアゼパムの静脈内投与量は、約0.05乃至約0.2mg/kgであり、例えば、約0.1mg/kgである。血液は、投与直前に、及び、投与後の特定の時点で集められる。薬物の血漿血中濃度は、血液サンプルのそれぞれについてアッセイされる。少なくとも1日の休薬期間後、それぞれの動物は、実施例3、4及び6に記載されているような溶液又は懸濁液の量を、鼻腔内に投与される。血液は、投与直前に、及び、IV投与の投与後とほぼ同じ特定の時点で集められる。薬物動態学的曲線(薬物対時間の血漿濃度)は、投与の静脈内経路について、及び、経鼻投与の経路によって投与された溶液と懸濁液のそれぞれについて構築される。
実施例3、4及び6の溶液及び懸濁液は、マウス、ラット、ウサギ又はイヌなどの適切な動物モデル中の血液脳関門にわたって薬物を送達する能力について評価される。それぞれの動物は、実施例3、4及び6に記載されるような溶液又は懸濁液の量で鼻腔内に投与され、溶液又は懸濁液は、随意に、血液脳障壁を超える薬物の能力を測定するための代理として用いられてもよい染料などの造影剤を含む。薬物又は造影剤は、懸濁液又は溶液がどの程度、血液脳障壁を超えるかを測定するために、懸濁液又は溶液の投与後の選択された時点で検出される。これらの結果は、薬物又は造影剤を含有している静脈用溶液で得られた類似した結果と比較されてもよい。
上記の溶液及び/又は懸濁液は、ヒトの薬物動態について評価することができる。正常で健康なヒト被験体は、薬物量を静脈内で投与される。静脈内投与のために選ばれた量は、任意の量であってもよいが、ヒトの発作を処置するのに効果的だと考えられている用量であるのが好都合である。例えば、ヒトに投与されたジアゼパムのIV投与量は、1乃至15mgの範囲であり、例えば、約7.5mgであってもよい。血液は、投与直前に、及び、投与後の選択された時点で集められる。薬物の血漿血中濃度は、血液サンプルのそれぞれについてアッセイされる。少なくとも1日の休薬期間の後に、それぞれの被験体は、本明細書に記載されるような溶液又は懸濁液の量を、鼻腔内で投与される。血液は、投与直前に、及び、実質的に、投与の後の静脈内投与の時点とほぼ同じ時点に集められる。薬物動態学的曲線(薬物対時間の血漿濃度)は、静脈内および鼻腔内の投与経路について構築される。
上記の溶液及び/又は懸濁液は、適切な動物モデルにおける効能について評価することができる。簡潔に、試験される懸濁液又は溶液のそれぞれの用量について、試験動物は発作を誘発する刺激によって刺激される。刺激は、モデル動物の発作を誘発するのに効果的な、光、音、化学的な刺激、又は、他の刺激であってもよい。ひとたび動物が発作に苦しみ出すと、本明細書に記載されるような溶液又は懸濁液が動物に鼻腔内で投与される。溶液及び/又は懸濁液の用量の効能は、試験投与量に対する動物の反応に基づいて評価される。この手続きは、薬物の鼻腔内投与によって発作を処置するのに効果的であると考えられる用量を確認するために、十分な反復によって、及び十分な投与回数で繰り返される。
ジアゼパムを含む医薬組成物は、経鼻送達装置によって送達される溶液として処方された組成物として調製された。溶液は、図4のフローチャートで概説された手続きに従って調製された。100mg/mLのジアゼパム溶液の中で使用される成分は、以下の表11−1で説明される。
Claims (12)
- 経鼻投与用の医薬組成物であって、
該医薬組成物は、
(a)ベンゾジアゼピン薬物;および
(b)(i)α−トコフェロール;および
(ii)組み合わせた量が10%乃至50%(w/w)までの、1−25%(w/v)のエタノールおよび1−25%(w/v)のベンジルアルコール
を含む担体系
からなる、医薬組成物。 - ベンゾジアゼピン薬物は、アルプラゾラム、ブロチゾラム、クロルジアゼポキシド、クロバザム、クロナゼパム、クロラゼパム、デモキサゼパム、ジアゼパム、フルマゼニル、フルラゼパム、ハラゼパム、ミダゾラム、ノルダゼパム、メダゼパム、ニトラゼパム、オキサゼパム、メダゼパム、ロラゼパム、プラゼパム、クアゼパム、トリアゾラム、テマゼパム、ロプラゾラム、その任意の薬学的に許容可能な塩、および、その任意の組み合わせ又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- ベンゾジアゼピン薬物は、ナノ粒子または微粒子の形態である、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- ナノ粒子または微粒子のベンゾジアゼピン薬物は、ジアゼパムである、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- ナノ粒子または微粒子の形態のベンゾジアゼピン薬物は、平均粒径が2000nmより大きい、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- ベンゾジアゼピン薬物は、10mg/mL乃至250mg/mLの濃度で医薬組成物中に存在する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- ベンゾジアゼピン薬物は、約20mg/mL乃至約50mg/mLの濃度で医薬組成物中に存在する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- α−トコフェロールは、約45%乃至約90%(w/w)の量である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- α−トコフェロールは、約50%乃至約75%(w/w)の量である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 担体系は、組み合わせた量が10%乃至50%(w/w)までの、10−22.55%(w/v)のエタノールおよび7.5−12.5%(w/v)のベンジルアルコールを含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- ベンゾジアゼピン薬物の量は、担体系における当該薬物の溶解度を超えるものである、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- ベンゾジアゼピンで治療可能な状態を処置するための医薬を調製するための請求項1乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物の使用。
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WO2012174158A3 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
DK3415139T3 (da) | 2022-06-20 |
EP3415139B8 (en) | 2022-05-18 |
DK2720699T3 (en) | 2018-08-20 |
EP3415139B1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
ES2683902T3 (es) | 2018-09-28 |
EP4085899A1 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
EP3415139A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
PT3415139T (pt) | 2022-06-20 |
EP2720699A4 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
US20220241187A1 (en) | 2022-08-04 |
JP6219272B2 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
JP6883918B2 (ja) | 2021-06-09 |
CN107737100A (zh) | 2018-02-27 |
JP2019163273A (ja) | 2019-09-26 |
US8895546B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
US20170196884A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
HK1250647A1 (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
US20130065886A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
CN103796656A (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
JP2014519525A (ja) | 2014-08-14 |
PL3415139T3 (pl) | 2022-07-11 |
US20220117887A1 (en) | 2022-04-21 |
JP2021130663A (ja) | 2021-09-09 |
WO2012174158A2 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
EP2720699B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
EP2720699A2 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
JP2018039813A (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
US9763876B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 |
US20150065491A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
ES2917973T3 (es) | 2022-07-12 |
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