JP6509300B1 - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6509300B1 JP6509300B1 JP2017205801A JP2017205801A JP6509300B1 JP 6509300 B1 JP6509300 B1 JP 6509300B1 JP 2017205801 A JP2017205801 A JP 2017205801A JP 2017205801 A JP2017205801 A JP 2017205801A JP 6509300 B1 JP6509300 B1 JP 6509300B1
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- film
- pad electrode
- metal film
- metal
- sensor device
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium tungsten Chemical compound [Ti].[W] MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、Alは、酸やアルカリにより腐食を受け易いため、従来の方法では、パッド電極の開口時に用いられるCF4等のフッ素系のエッチングガスの残留物が大気中の水分と反応してフッ酸(HF)となり、Al腐食を引き起こすと考えられている。このようなAl腐食が起こると、ボンディングの信頼性が低下することがあり、また、Al腐食によりパッド表面が荒れるため、パッドの外観が黒くなる。
このようなAl腐食を防止するためには、アセンブリ完了までは温湿度の管理された雰囲気中で保管し、あるいはドライエアーで封止して保管する必要があり、搬送手段や保管設備等の施設、保管スペース等が必要とされていた。
しかしながら、このような製造方法においては、200℃以上での熱処理ができない膜を保有するセンサデバイスには適用できない場合がある。
この場合、処理時間は、30秒となり、熱によるデバイスの損傷が起こり難いが、反応性の高いH2O2を使用するため、残存したH2O2とセンサデバイスに使用する材料が反応することが想定される。したがって、センサデバイスに使用する材料が制限される恐れがある。
この接合部が劣化すると、ボンディングの耐久性が低下し、センサデバイスの信頼性を損なうことになる恐れがある。
1)Au−Al拡散の進行により、拡散層内に形成される複数の金属間化合物の内、Au5Al2とAu4Alとの層間で膨張率の不整合による接合強度の低下。
2)AuとAlの拡散係数の差により接合部周囲にボイドが発生すること(カーケンダル効果)による接合強度の低下。
図1は、この発明が適用された半導体装置を示す鳥瞰図である。
以下、半導体装置の一種であるセンサデバイスを例に説明する。
図において、センサデバイス100は、センサ素子チップ101や信号処理回路基板102が設けられ、これらの回路に外部の機器から電源及び電子信号を入出力するためのボンディング用のパッド(パッド電極)103が設けられている。このパッド電極103と信号処理回路基板102の電極、または別のセンサ素子チップのパッド電極同士を電気的に接続するために細い金属(例えば金:以下、Auと称す)ワイヤ104を押圧、加熱して、パッド電極103の金属とワイヤ104の金属との合金を形成することによってパッド電極103の表面にワイヤ104を接合する。
このパッド電極103には、アルミニウム(以下、Alと称す)またはAl合金からなる材料が一般的に使用されている。
図において、温度センサデバイス200は、金属の電気抵抗が温度変化に対して変化する性質を利用した『測温抵抗体』の1種で、温度特性が良好で経時変化が少ない白金(以下、Ptと称す)を測温素子に用いてなる温度センサ素子チップ201(センサ部202)と、信号を増幅して外部に読み出すための信号処理回路とが実装されている。これらの回路に外部の機器から電源及び電子信号を入出力するためのボンディング用のパッド電極103が設けられている。
図3において、センサ素子チップ101は、シリコン(以下、Siと称す)からなる支持基板301と、この支持基板301上に例えば500nmの膜厚まで酸化された酸化膜302と、酸化膜層302上に所定のパターンに形成されたAl膜からなるパッド電極部303と、パッド電極部303上にチタンタングステン(以下、TiWと称す)膜を堆積して形成された金属膜401と、この金属膜401上に形成された窒化ケイ素(以下、SiNと称す)からなる保護膜304とを備え、保護膜304および金属膜401の一部に開口を設けて露出されたAl膜の表面に金属膜401由来の原子が打ち込まれた金属膜領域402を形成してパッド電極103としている。
まず、図4Aに示すように、ベアのSi支持基板301上に例えば500nmの膜厚まで酸化された酸化膜302を形成する。(第一工程)
次に、図4Bに示すように、酸化膜302上に例えばPVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)装置を用い、センサ素子チップ101のパッド電極となる導電膜501および配線膜を堆積する。(第二工程)
ここで、導電膜501は、AlまたはAlを主成分としているAl合金(AlSi、AlSiCu等)で形成されたものであれば、特段の制約を設けるものではない。また、導電膜501の膜厚は、ストレスが導電膜に加わった場合であっても、信頼性が担保される膜厚に設定すればよく、さらに、成膜装置としてPVD装置に制限されるものではない。
ここで、エッチング除去方法としては、例えばウェットエッチング法を用いAl混酸液を使用してパッド電極部303以外をエッチング除去する。また、Al膜のエッチング除去方法としては、パッド電極として機能するAl膜であればよく、如何なるエッチング除去方法を使用しても良い。
なお、この金属膜401については、特段の膜仕様を定めるものではなく、以下説明するCF4等のフッ素系のエッチングガス処理時にAl膜の保護層としても機能する膜であれば、如何なる構造や膜種及び、材料、膜厚であっても、問題ではない。また、如何なる成膜装置を使用しても良い。
ここで、保護膜304としては、PECVD(Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition)装置を用いて、例えばSiN膜を形成する。
なお、この保護膜304は、後工程で削られるため、この膜減り量を考慮して堆積するか、保護膜304上にレジスト等を形成して保護する必要がある。
また、保護膜304を形成するために用いられる材料としては、当該技術分野において保護膜として用いることが可能な材料であれば特に制限されることはない。さらに、如何なる成膜装置を使用しても良い。
このとき、金属膜401をエッチング除去せず、パッド電極部303の直上に金属膜401を残存させる。
なお、エッチング方法としてCF4等のフッ素系のエッチングガスでエッチングする方法であればよく、如何なるエッチング装置を使用しても良い。
ここで、イオンミリングは、金属膜401を除去できる条件であればよいが、イオンミリングを行うとウェハ表面に電荷が帯電することがあり、これが配線を通して接続されている信号処理回路に流れると、回路を損傷や劣化させる恐れがある。このため、イオンミリング処理は、短時間の方が望ましい。
また、オーバーエッチングを行うと、金属膜由来の金属(Ti)が打ち込まれた導電膜501が除去される恐れがあるため、パッド電極部303直上の金属膜401を除去した後のオーバーエッチ量は少ない方が好ましい。
さらに、金属膜401がAl膜直上にある状態で金属膜401をイオンミリングで除去することにより、金属膜由来の金属(Ti)が打ち込まれたAl層がパッド電極部303の表面に形成される。このように金属を添加することにより、粒界での空孔が減少し、粒界拡散を抑制することが可能となる。したがって、高温下で進行するAu−Al接合における金属間化合物の成長やボイドの発生を抑制することが可能となり、ボンディングの信頼性を向上させることができる。
次に、この発明に係る実施の形態2である温度センサデバイスを製造する場合について図5A〜図5Hを用いて説明する。
まず、第一工程〜第三工程を示す図5A〜図5Cは、実施の形態1における図4A〜図4Cと同様に製造されるため、詳細な説明を省略する。
この温度センサ膜601は、CF4等のフッ素系のエッチングガス処理時にパッド電極部303となるAl膜上の保護層としても機能する。
ここで、所望のパターンとは、温度センサの検出部となるセンサ素子、パッド電極及び温度センサ素子とパッド電極を繋ぐ配線を意味している。また、エッチング除去方法としては、例えばイオンミリング装置を用い、エッチング除去する。
なお、保護膜304の膜厚は、温度センサ素子チップを保護できる膜厚であれば特段制約を受けるものではないが、後工程のイオンミリングで同時に削られるため、この膜減り量を考慮して堆積する必要がある。または保護膜304上にレジスト等を形成し、保護してもよい。
また、保護膜304を形成するのに用いられる材料としては、当該技術分野において保護膜として用いることが可能な材料であれば特に制限されることはない。さらに、成膜方法に関しても保護膜として機能を有する膜であればよく、如何なる成膜装置を使用しても良い。
ここで、センサ素子602を構成する温度センサ膜601上の保護膜304は、エッチングせず残存させている。
次に、開口部における温度センサ膜601の金属をイオンミリング装置によりエッチング除去し、さらに、オーバーエッチングを行うと、図5Hに示すように金属膜由来の金属(Pt)が打ち込まれた金属膜領域402が形成されることになる。(第八工程)
以上のような工程によって、図2に示すようなパッド電極103を有する温度センサ素子チップ201が形成されることになる。
さらに、Al腐食が起こりやすい低温硬化の感光性ポリイミドの用いた場合でもAl腐食を防止することができる。
上述の実施の形態2においては、温度センサデバイスを製造する場合について説明したが、センサデバイスの一つであるGMR(Giant Magneto resistance)磁気抵抗センサデバイスにおいても同様に実施することができる。
GMR磁気抵抗センサデバイスは、磁界に反応し、電気信号として読み出すGMR磁気抵抗センサ素子チップと、信号を増幅して外部に読み出すための信号処理回路が実装され、外部の機器から電源及び電子信号を入出力するためのボンディング用のパッド電極が設けられている。
このような本実施の形態3における磁気センサデバイスについても、実施の形態1または実施の形態2と同じ効果を奏することは言うまでもない。
試験サンプルは、実施の形態1の方法で形成したサンプルとした。
一方、比較例として、図6に示すように、シリコン基板上に酸化膜302と、Al膜からなるパッド電極部303と、保護膜304を順に形成した後に、保護膜304をCF4等のフッ素系のエッチングガスでエッチング除去したウェハを比較例サンプルとした。
ここで、試験サンプル、比較例サンプルの各材料の膜厚は酸化膜302を500nm、パッド電極部303を1.3μm、保護膜304を0.8μmとして形成した。
このように作製した2種のサンプルを常温保管した後に顕微鏡にてAl腐食しているか否かを確認した結果、比較例ではAl膜が腐食し黒く変色していたが、本実施の形態における試験サンプルにおいては、金属膜が保護層として機能するため、Al腐食が起こらず、外観上の異常は認められなかった。
試験サンプルは、実施の形態3の方法で形成したサンプルとし、金属膜401としては、GMR膜(Co、Cuを含む)を使用した。また、試験サンプルの各材料の膜厚は、酸化膜302を500nm、パッド電極部303を1.3μm、保護膜304を0.75μmとして形成した。
このように作製した試験サンプルをSIMS分析にてAl膜中に金属膜由来の金属が打ち込まれるか否か分析した結果、金属膜由来の金属であるCo、Cuを検出した。
試験サンプルは、実施の形態3の方法で形成したサンプルとし、イオンミリングの加速電圧を200〜800Vの範囲で100Vごと変更した。
一方、比較例のサンプルは、シリコン基板上に酸化膜302と、パッド電極部303と、保護膜304を順に形成した後に、写真製版技術を用いて保護膜304をCF4等のフッ素系のエッチングガスでエッチング除去し、パッド電極部を開口したウェハをサンプルとした。
このように作製したサンプルのCu濃度をEDX(エネルギー分散型X線分析器)により調べたところ、試験サンプルにおける金属膜由来の金属(Co、Cu)の合計含有量は、0.03〜5%であった。
一方、添加物含有量を0%、0.03%、0.05%、2%、5%とした5種の比較例サンプルを200度の高温試験に投入し、ボンディングワイヤ外れが発生した時間をプロットした。この際、比較例サンプルのボンディングワイヤ外れが発生した時間を1として試験サンプルにおけるボンディングワイヤ外れが発生した時間を相対比較した。
なお、図中、a.u.は、任意単位(arbitrary unitの略)である。
また、その発明の範囲内において、各実施の形態を組み合わせたり、各実施の形態を適宜、変形、省略することが可能である。
さらに、本発明の技術的思想の範囲内でプロセス装置やプロセス条件を適宜変更することが可能である。
103:パッド電極、 200:温度センサデバイス、
201:温度センサ素子チップ、 202:センサ部、 301:支持基板、
302:酸化膜、303:パッド電極部、 304:保護膜、 401:金属膜、
402:金属膜領域、501:導電膜、 601:温度センサ膜、 602:センサ素子
Claims (1)
- 外部と接続するためのパッド電極を形成する半導体装置の製造方法であって、支持基板上にパッド電極となるアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金からなる導電膜を形成する工程と、前記導電膜上に金属膜を形成する工程と、前記金属膜上に保護膜を形成する工程と、前記保護膜の一部をフッ素系のエッチングガスにより前記金属膜を残存させてエッチングし、開口を形成する工程と、この開口における前記金属膜をイオンミリングで除去するとともにオーバーエッチングし、前記導電膜の表面に前記金属膜由来の原子を打ち込んで前記パッド電極とする工程とを備えたことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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US15/901,366 US10211173B1 (en) | 2017-10-25 | 2018-02-21 | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
DE102018210725.4A DE102018210725B4 (de) | 2017-10-25 | 2018-06-29 | Halbleitervorrichtung und zugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren |
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JPS63249348A (ja) * | 1987-04-03 | 1988-10-17 | Nec Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH0258801A (ja) | 1988-08-24 | 1990-02-28 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 白金測温抵抗体及びその製造方法 |
JPH05121407A (ja) | 1991-10-30 | 1993-05-18 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP3233997B2 (ja) | 1992-08-18 | 2001-12-04 | 宮崎沖電気株式会社 | 半導体素子の配線形成方法 |
JPH06177200A (ja) * | 1992-12-09 | 1994-06-24 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体集積回路装置の形成方法 |
JP3655048B2 (ja) * | 1997-04-24 | 2005-06-02 | ローム株式会社 | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
JP2001308138A (ja) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-11-02 | Seiko Epson Corp | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
JP3425927B2 (ja) | 2000-05-16 | 2003-07-14 | 九州日本電気株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2004281602A (ja) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-10-07 | Seiko Epson Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置 |
US20050194584A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-09-08 | Slater David B.Jr. | LED fabrication via ion implant isolation |
CN100440444C (zh) * | 2004-07-22 | 2008-12-03 | 株式会社瑞萨科技 | 半导体器件的制造方法 |
JP2006310482A (ja) | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-09 | Aqua Science Kk | アルミニウム表面腐食防止方法 |
JP2013026465A (ja) | 2011-07-21 | 2013-02-04 | Panasonic Corp | 電子デバイス |
US8836133B2 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-09-16 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Chip-level humidity protection |
JP6300533B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-15 | 2018-03-28 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法および半導体装置 |
US9905522B1 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-02-27 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Semiconductor copper metallization structure and related methods |
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