JP6457397B2 - アルミニウムを還元するための電解槽の壁用側壁レンガ - Google Patents
アルミニウムを還元するための電解槽の壁用側壁レンガ Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims description 341
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 32
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 31
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 341
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 67
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 13
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052575 non-oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical group N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
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Description
a)低熱伝導率の層用の混合物と、高熱伝導率の層用の混合物と、任意で少なくとも一つの更なる層用の一つ以上の混合物とを提供するステップと、
b)ステップa)の混合物から層構造を有する未焼成ブロックを形成するステップと、
c)ステップb)の未焼成ブロックを、800℃から1400℃の間、好ましくは1000℃から1300℃の間の温度で焼成するステップ。
(実施形態1)
58重量パーセント(wt%)の電気的に焼成した無煙炭と、9wt%の合成グラファイトと、17wt%の結合ピッチと、8wt%のケイ素と、8wt%の酸化アルミニウムとを含む混合物A、及び、77wt%の合成グラファイトと23wt%の結合ピッチとを含む混合物Bから側壁レンガを製造する。このため、未焼成(グリーン)ブロックを製造するための振動型に二つの混合物を充填して、製造される側壁レンガの高さ方向において混合物Aと混合物Bとの二つの連続した層が未焼成ブロックにおいて互いに連なるようにする。振動型内における層の高さは、充填物に続く未焼成ブロックの圧縮によって与えられる目標かさ密度に関して、圧縮後に二つの層の各々が未焼成ブロックの高さの半分にわたって延在するように選択される。これに続いて、環状窯内で1200℃で未焼成ブロックを焼成して、基体を製造する。
58wt%の電気的に焼成した無煙炭と、9wt%の合成グラファイトと、17wt%の結合ピッチと、8wt%のケイ素と、8wt%の酸化アルミニウムとを含む混合物A、及び、65wt%の合成グラファイトと、5wt%の酸化アルミニウムと、10wt%のケイ素粉末と、20wt%の結合ピッチとを含む混合物Bから複合側壁レンガを製造する。このため、未焼成(グリーン)ブロックを製造するための振動型に二つの混合物を充填して、製造される複合レンガの高さ方向において混合物Aと混合物Bとの二つの連続した層が未焼成ブロックにおいて連なるようにする。振動型内における層の高さは、充填に続く未焼成ブロックの圧縮によって与えられる目標かさ密度に関して、圧縮後に二つの層の各々が未焼成ブロックの高さの半分にわたって延在するように選択される。これに続いて、環状窯内で1300℃で未焼成ブロックを焼成して、基体を製造する。
未焼成の成形体の最終的な高さに相当する高さを有する振動型に、まず混合物A、次に混合物B、再び混合物Aを入れて、図10に示されるカソードブロックを製造する。
‐ 57wt%の無煙炭、
‐ 24wt%のグラファイト、及び、
‐ 19wt%の結合ピッチ。
‐ 80wt%のグラファイト、及び、
‐ 20wt%の結合ピッチ。
14 液体アルミニウム層
16 液体溶融物層
18 固化した溶融物層
20 アノードブロック
22 電流レール
24 鋼鉄トラフ
26 耐火プレート
28 側壁レンガ
29 複合側壁レンガ
30 ラミング材
32 ベース面(主面、底面)
34 側面
36 低熱伝導率の層
38 高熱伝導率の層
40、42 ベース面
44、46 側面
b 幅
h 高さ
d 厚さ
H カソードブロックの高さ
L カソードブロックの長さ
Claims (16)
- 電解槽の壁用の側壁レンガであって、
該側壁レンガ(28)が層状体であり、
低熱伝導率の層(36)と高熱伝導率の層(38)とを備え、低熱伝導率と高熱伝導率との間の差が、920℃から1000℃の間の温度で測定して、少なくとも5W/m・Kであり、
前記低熱伝導率の層(36)及び前記高熱伝導率の層(38)のうち少なくとも一方が、3から15wt%のケイ素、酸化物セラミック材料、又は非酸化物材料でドープされていることを特徴とする側壁レンガ。 - 前記電解槽がアルミニウム生産用電解槽であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 前記層状体が、低熱伝導率の層(36)と高熱伝導率の層(38)との交互の順序を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 前記層状体の一方の外側層が低熱伝導率の層(36)であり、他方の外側層が高熱伝導率の層(38)であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 前記低熱伝導率の層(36)及び前記高熱伝導率の層(38)がブロック形状を有し、接触面を介して互いに接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 前記低熱伝導率の層(36)及び前記高熱伝導率の層(38)のうち一方がブロック形状を有し、他方の層(36、38)が多角形形状を有し、該二つの層が接触面を介して互いに接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 前記多角形形状を有する層(36、38)が、三つから六つの角を有する多角形であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 前記低熱伝導率の層(36)及び前記高熱伝導率の層(38)がベース面(40、42)を介して互いに接続されていて、前記層状体の厚さが50mmから700mmであることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 前記低熱伝導率の層(36)及び前記高熱伝導率の層(38)が側面(44、46)を介して互いに接続されていて、前記低熱伝導率の層(36)及び前記高熱伝導率の層(38)の高さが150mmから450mmであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 少なくとも一つの層(36、38)が、カーボン、グラファイトカーボン、グラファイト化カーボン、炭化ケイ素、及びそれらの任意の混合物から成る群から選択された材料から成るか、又は該材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 前記低熱伝導率と高熱伝導率との間の差が、5から80W/m・Kであることを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の側壁レンガ。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の側壁レンガ(28)を製造する方法であって、
a)前記低熱伝導率の層(36)用の混合物と、前記高熱伝導率の層(38)用の混合物と、任意で少なくとも一つの更なる層用の一つ以上の混合物とを提供するステップと、
b)ステップa)の混合物から層構造を有する未焼成ブロックを形成するステップと、
c)ステップb)の未焼成ブロックを1100℃から1400℃の温度で焼成するステップとを備えた方法。 - 前記ステップb)の形成が、振動成形を備えることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 電解槽の側壁をライニングするための請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の側壁レンガ(28)の使用。
- カソード(12)と、アノード(20)と、側壁とを備えた電解槽であって、壁の少なくとも一部が請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の側壁レンガ(28)によって形成されている、電解槽。
- 前記カソードが、低熱伝導率の層及び高熱伝導率の層を備えた層状体であるカソードブロックで形成されている、請求項15に記載の電解槽。
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DE102012223051.3 | 2012-12-13 | ||
DE102013214322.2A DE102013214322A1 (de) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | Seitenstein für eine Wand in einer Elektrolysezelle |
DE102013214322.2 | 2013-07-22 | ||
PCT/EP2013/076624 WO2014091023A1 (de) | 2012-12-13 | 2013-12-13 | Seitenstein für eine wand in einer elektrolysezelle zur reduzierung von aluminum |
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JPS608313B2 (ja) * | 1979-12-08 | 1985-03-01 | 株式会社日軽技研 | アルミニウム電解槽の保温方法 |
GB2103657A (en) * | 1981-07-18 | 1983-02-23 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminium |
JPS58161789A (ja) * | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-26 | Sumitomo Alum Smelt Co Ltd | アルミニウム電解炉用陰極炉底 |
DE3373115D1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1987-09-24 | Alcan Int Ltd | Improvements in electrolytic reduction cells for aluminium production |
FR2537567B1 (fr) * | 1982-12-08 | 1986-07-18 | Savoie Electrodes Refract | Produits refractaires lies par des residus carbones et du silicium metal en poudre et procede de fabrication |
DE3327230A1 (de) * | 1983-07-28 | 1985-02-07 | Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh, 8901 Meitingen | Auskleidung fuer elektrolysewanne zur herstellung von aluminium |
CH658674A5 (de) * | 1984-03-02 | 1986-11-28 | Alusuisse | Kathodenwanne fuer eine aluminium-elektrolysezelle und verfahren zur herstellung von deren seitenwand bildenden verbundkoerpern. |
FR2566002B1 (fr) * | 1984-06-13 | 1986-11-21 | Pechiney Aluminium | Bloc cathodique modulaire et cathode a faible chute de tension pour cuves d'electrolyse hall-heroult |
JPS63143279A (ja) * | 1986-12-04 | 1988-06-15 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | 溶融塩電解によるマグネシウムの製造法およびその装置 |
US5560809A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1996-10-01 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Improved lining for aluminum production furnace |
JPH09143781A (ja) * | 1995-11-28 | 1997-06-03 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | 高純度アルミニウム製造用三層型電解精製炉 |
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