JP6416237B2 - 寿命性能が向上した二次電池 - Google Patents
寿命性能が向上した二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6416237B2 JP6416237B2 JP2016518752A JP2016518752A JP6416237B2 JP 6416237 B2 JP6416237 B2 JP 6416237B2 JP 2016518752 A JP2016518752 A JP 2016518752A JP 2016518752 A JP2016518752 A JP 2016518752A JP 6416237 B2 JP6416237 B2 JP 6416237B2
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- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
また、本発明は、優れた高温サイクル容量を有する二次電池を提供することを他の目的とする。
Lix[NiaCobMnc]O2 [化1]
(上記式1中、0.95≦x≦1.05、0≦a,b,c≦1、a+b+c=1であり、但し、aとcとは、同時に0とならない。)
Li[LixNiaCobMnc]O2 [化2]
(上記式2中、0.05≦x≦0.6、x+a+b+c=1である。)
Lix[NiaCobMnc]O2 [化3]
(上記式3中、0.95≦x≦1.05、0<a,b,c≦1、a+b+c=1、0.4<c<1である。)
LiMn2-xMxO4 [化4]
(上記式4中、M=Ni、Co、Fe及びAlからなる群より選択される一つ以上の元素であり、0≦x≦2である。)
前記分離膜が、1〜3,000sec/100cc範囲のガーレー(Gurley)値を有し得る。
前記分離膜が、50〜2,000sec/100cc範囲のガーレー値を有し得る。
前記多孔性コーティング層が、多孔性基材の一面を基準で3〜6μmの厚さで多孔性基材の少なくとも一面に形成され得る。
前記多孔性コーティング層が、前記多孔性基材の一面に形成され、負極に向って正極と負極との間に介され得る。
前記多孔性基材が、不織布であり得る。
前記二次電池は、4.3V以上5.0V以下の上限電圧を有し得る。
前記分離膜とともに適用される電極は、当業界に知られた通常の方法によって電極活物質が電極電流集電体に結着された形態に製造し得る。
Lix[NiaCobMnc]O2 [化1]
(0.95≦x≦1.05,0≦a,b,c≦1,a+b+c=1であり、但し、aとcとは、同時に0とならない。)
Li[LixNiaCobMnc]O2 [化2]
(0.05≦x≦0.6、x+a+b+c=1である。)
Lix[NiaCobMnc]O2 [化3]
(0.95≦x≦1.05、0<a,b,c≦1、a+b+c=1、0.4<c<1である。)
LiMn2-xMxO4 [化4]
(M=Ni、Co、Fe及びAlからなる群より選択される一つ以上の元素であり、0≦x≦2である。)
ポリビニリデンフルオライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(PVdF−HFP)高分子を5重量%でアセトンに入れ、50℃で約12時間以上溶解してバインダー高分子溶液を製造した。製造したバインダー高分子溶液に Al2O3粉末をバインダー高分子/Al2O3=10/90の重量比となるように添加し、12時間以上ボールミル(ball mill)を用いてAl2O3粉末を破砕及び分散させることで、多孔性コーティング層の形成のためのスラリーを製造した。このように製造されたスラリーのAl2O3粒径は、約400nmであった。このように製造されたスラリーを、ディップ(dip)コーティング法で多孔性基材であるポリエチレン樹脂(SK512GK、SKI社製、厚さ12μm、多孔度40%)の一面にコーティングし、前記コーティング層の厚さは、約5μmとなるようにした。このように製造された分離膜は、約50nm〜1μm範囲の空隙サイズを有するようになった。
(正極の製造)
正極活物質として、Li[Li0.29Ni0.14Co0.11Mn0.46]O2 94重量%、導電材としてカーボンブラック(carbon black)3重量%、バインダーとしてPVdF 3重量%を、溶剤のN−メチル−2ピロリドン(NMP)に添加して正極混合物スラリーを製造した。前記正極混合物スラリーを、厚さが20μm程度の正極集電体であるアルミニウム(Al)薄膜に塗布及び乾燥することで正極を製造した。
負極活物質として炭素粉末、バインダーとしてPVdF、導電材としてカーボンブラックを、それぞれ96重量%、3重量%及び1重量%にして溶剤のNMPに添加することで負極混合物スラリーを製造した。前記負極混合物スラリーを、厚さが10μmの負極集電体である銅(Cu)薄膜に塗布及び乾燥することで負極を製造した。
分離膜の多孔性コーティング層が負極に向うように実施例1−1で製造した分離膜を正極と負極との間に介して積層(stacking)方式で組み立て、組み立てられた電池に1Mのリチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(LiPF6)が溶解されたエチレンカーボネート/プロピレンカーボネート/ジエチルカーボネート(EC/PC/DEC=30:20:50重量%)系電解液を注入することで二次電池を製造した。
多孔性基材としてポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン樹脂(C210、Celgard社製、厚さ16μm)を用いたことと、前記多孔性基材の両面に多孔性コーティング層がそれぞれ3μm(総6μm)の厚さとなるように分離膜を製造したことを除いては、実施例1−1と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
実施例2−1で製造した分離膜を用いたことを除いては実施例1−2に記載の方法で二次電池を製造した。
多孔性コーティング層が多孔性基材の両面にそれぞれ5μm(総10μm)の厚さに形成されるように分離膜を製造したことを除いては、実施例2−1と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
実施例3−1で製造した分離膜を用いたことを除いては、実施例1−2に記載の方法で二次電池を製造した。
多孔性コーティング層が多孔性基材の両面にそれぞれ6μm(総12μm)の厚さに形成されるように分離膜を製造したことを除いては、実施例2−1と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
実施例4−2:二次電池の製造
実施例4−1で製造した分離膜を使ったことを除いては、実施例1−2に記載の方法で二次電池を製造した。
多孔性基材としてポリプロピレン樹脂(PP1615、Celgard社製、厚さ16μm)を使ったこと、及び多孔性コーティング層が前記多孔性基材の両面にそれぞれ5μm(総10μm)の厚さに形成されたことを除いては、前記実施例2−1と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
実施例5−1で製造した分離膜を用いたことを除いては、実施例1−2に記載の方法で二次電池を製造した。
多孔性基材として、ポリエチレンテレフタルレート不織布(PET)(厚さ 15μm)を用いたこと、及び多孔性コーティング層が前記多孔性基材の両面にそれぞれ5μm(総10μm)の厚さに形成されたことを除いては、前記実施例2−1と同様の方法で分離膜を製造した。
実施例6−1で製造した分離膜を用いたことを除いては、実施例1−2に記載の方法によって二次電池を製造した。
多孔性基材であるポリエチレン樹脂(SK512GK、SKI社製、厚さ12μm,ガーレー値160sec)を分離膜として用いた。
比較例1−1の分離膜を用いたことを除いては、実施例1−2に記載の方法で二次電池を製造した。
実施例1−1で得られた分離膜を用いた。
比較例2−1で製造した分離膜を、多孔性コーティング層が正極に向うように負極と正極との間に介したことを除いては、実施例2−2に記載の方法によって二次電池を製造した。
多孔性基材であるポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン樹脂(C210、Celgard社製、厚さ16μm)を分離膜として用いた。
比較例3−1の分離膜を用いたことを除いては、実施例1−2に記載の方法で二次電池を製造した。
多孔性基材であるポリプロピレン樹脂(PP1615、 Celgard社製、厚さ16μm)を分離膜として用いた。
比較例4−1の分離膜を用いたことを除いては、実施例1−2に記載の方法で二次電池を製造した。
分離膜のガーレー値の評価
実施例及び比較例で製造されたセルを、45℃で、4.35V〜2.5Vの電圧範囲で1C充電/1C放電を40サイクルまたは80サイクル施し、その結果を図1〜図4に示した。
Claims (11)
- 電極組立体であって、
正極と、負極と、及び前記正極と前記負極との間に介された分離膜とを備えてなり、
前記正極が正極活物質を備えてなり、
前記正極活物質が、下記の化学式[化1]〜[化2]で表れる化合物より選択される一種又は二種以上の混合物のみで構成されてなり、かつ、前記正極活物質における粒子の平均粒径が5〜15μmであり、
Lix[NiaCobMnc]O2 [化1]
〔上記式1中、
0.95≦x≦1.05であり、
0≦a,b,c≦1であり、
a+b+c=1であり、
但し、aとcとは、同時に0とならない。〕
Li[LixNiaCobMnc]O2 [化2]
〔上記式2中、
0.05≦x≦0.6であり、
x+a+b+c=1である。〕
前記分離膜が、多孔性基材と、及び前記多孔性基材の一面にのみ形成された多孔性コーティング層とを備えてなり、
前記多孔性基材が、高密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン、超高分子量ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(polyethyleneterephthalate)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(polybutyleneterephthalate)、ポリエステール(polyester)、ポリアセタール(polyacetal)、ポリアミド(polyamide)、ポリカーボネート(polycarbonate)、ポリイミド(polyimide)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(polyetheretherketone)、ポリエーテルスルホン(polyethersulfone)、ポリフェニレンオキサイド(polyphenyleneoxide)、ポリフェニレンスルファイド(polyphenylenesulfide)、ポリエチレンナフタレン(polyethylenenaphthalene)又はこれらの混合物であり、
前記多孔性コーティング層が、無機物粒子及び有機バインダー高分子のみを備えてなり、
前記有機バインダー高分子が、ポリビニリデンフルオライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(polyvinylidene fluoride−co−hexafluoropropylene)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド−トリクロロエチレン(polyvinylidene fluoride−co−trichloroethylene)、ポリビニルピロリドン(polyvinylpyrrolidone)、ポリビニルアセテート(polyvinylacetate)、ポリエチレンビニルアセテート(polyethylene−co−vinyl acetate)、ポリエチレンオキサイド(polyethylene oxide)より選択される一種又は二種の混合物であり、
前記多孔性コーティング層は、前記多孔性コーティング層における前記無機物粒子が、前記有機バインダー高分子により互いに結着して形成される充填構造(closed packed or densely packed)において、実質的に面接する無機物粒子によって限定された空き空間を備えてなり、
前記多孔性コーティング層が、前記負極に向って前記正極と前記負極との間に介されてなり、
前記分離膜に形成された気孔が、10nm〜5μm範囲の最長直径を有してなることを特徴とする、電極組立体。 - 前記正極活物質が、リチウムを可逆的にインターカレーション/ディインターカレーションできる化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記気孔が、50〜500nm範囲の最長直径を有することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記正極活物質が、Li[Li0.29Ni0.14Co0.11Mn0.46]O2であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記多孔性コーティング層が、多孔性基材の一面を基準で0.5〜20μmの厚さで多孔性基材の一面にのみ形成されたことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記多孔性コーティング層が、多孔性基材の一面を基準で3〜6μmの厚さで多孔性基材の一面にのみ形成されたことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記気孔が逆オパール(inverse opal)構造を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記多孔性基材が、ポリエチレン樹脂から形成された多孔性膜であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7の何れか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記多孔性基材が、不織布であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8の何れか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記正極活物質が、4.3V以上5.0V以下の電圧において適用可能な化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9の何れか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 請求項1〜10の何れか一項に記載の電極組立体を備えてなることを特徴とする、二次電池。
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