JP6356073B2 - リビング反応安定剤の存在下でのハロゲン化ビニルモノマーの分散相重合 - Google Patents
リビング反応安定剤の存在下でのハロゲン化ビニルモノマーの分散相重合 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6356073B2 JP6356073B2 JP2014553760A JP2014553760A JP6356073B2 JP 6356073 B2 JP6356073 B2 JP 6356073B2 JP 2014553760 A JP2014553760 A JP 2014553760A JP 2014553760 A JP2014553760 A JP 2014553760A JP 6356073 B2 JP6356073 B2 JP 6356073B2
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- monomer
- vinyl
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- polymerization
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 49
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- -1 vinyl halide Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical group CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZIRURAJAJIQZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCC(N)S(O)(=O)=O ZIRURAJAJIQZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)F RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHNPOQXWAMXPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(N)=O WHNPOQXWAMXPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC(=C)C(N)=O ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium Chemical compound C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(O)=O YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OVHHHVAVHBHXAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C=C OVHHHVAVHBHXAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UUORTJUPDJJXST-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-hydroxyethyl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound OCCNC(=O)C=C UUORTJUPDJJXST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BWYYYTVSBPRQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;ethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=C BWYYYTVSBPRQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007717 redox polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UYERIVYDSGUOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N morpholine;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.C1COCCN1 UYERIVYDSGUOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002355 alkine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000892 gravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000012705 nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- UZUFPBIDKMEQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorononanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UZUFPBIDKMEQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001370 static light scattering Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKFDJZZADQONDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (hydridonitrato)hydroxidocarbon(.) Chemical class O[C]=N KKFDJZZADQONDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical group OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminyl Chemical class [NH2] MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005099 aryl alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005129 aryl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- JEVCWSUVFOYBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanyl Chemical compound N#[C] JEVCWSUVFOYBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroperoxide group Chemical group [O-]O MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012690 ionic polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-M oxidooxomethyl Chemical class [O-][C]=O ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002265 redox agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006076 specific stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000440 toxicity profile Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8135—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers, e.g. vinyl esters (polyvinylacetate)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/06—Vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/08—Vinylidene chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F14/20—Vinyl fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F14/22—Vinylidene fluoride
-
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
- C08F2/30—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents non-ionic
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- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
-
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F26/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F26/06—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/40—Redox systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
- A61K2800/30—Characterized by the absence of a particular group of ingredients
- A61K2800/33—Free of surfactant
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
- C08F2438/03—Use of a di- or tri-thiocarbonylthio compound, e.g. di- or tri-thioester, di- or tri-thiocarbamate, or a xanthate as chain transfer agent, e.g . Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer [RAFT] or Macromolecular Design via Interchange of Xanthates [MADIX]
Landscapes
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Description
Nitroxide−Mediated Controlled/Living Free−Radical Surfactant−Free Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate using a Poly(Methacrylic Acid)−based Macroalkoxyamine Initiator。
C.Dire,S.Magnet,L.Couvreur,B.Charleux
Macromolecules 42(1),95−103(2009)
PEO−based Block Copolymers and Homopolymers as Reactive Surfactants for AGET ATRP of Butyl Acrylate in Miniemulsion。
W.Li,K.Min,K.Matyjaszewski,F.Stoffelbach,B.Charleux
Macromolecules 41,6387−6392(2008)
Effective ab Initio Emulsion Polymerization under RAFT Control
Christopher J.Ferguson,Robert J.Hughes,Binh T.T.Pham,Brian S.Hawkett,Robert G.Gilbert,Algirdas K.Serelis,and Christopher H.Such
Macromolecules(2002)
Surfactant−free controlled/living radical emulsion (co)polymerization of n−butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate via RAFT using amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)−based trithiocarbonate chain transfer agents。
J.Rieger,G.Osterwinter,C.Bui,F.Stoffelbach,B.Charleux
Macromolecules(2009)
− 一般に分散形態での、少なくとも1つのエチレン系不飽和モノマー;
− 少なくとも1つのフリーラジカル源;および
− N−(ビニルラクタム)モノマー単位とチオカルボニルチオ基−S(C=S)−とを含む(またはさらにはそれらからなる)ポリマー鎖を含む反応安定剤
が水相で接触させられ、
前記工程が、反応安定剤のチオカルボニルチオ基−S(C=S)−の分解温度未満の温度で、好ましくは40℃未満の温度で、たとえば30℃以下の温度で好ましくは行われる方法(本方法は、たとえば、室温で有利に行うことができる)を明らかにした。
(式中:X1=FまたはClであり、
X2=H、FまたはClであり、
RbおよびRcの中からのそれぞれは、独立して:
− H、Cl、F;または
− 好ましくは塩素化されたおよび/またはフッ素化された、より有利には過塩素化されたまたは過フッ素化された、アルキル基
を表す)
に相当する、塩化もしくはフッ化ビニルもしくはビニリデンなどの、ハロゲン化ビニル化合物を含んでもよい。
式RbRcC=CX1X2
(式中:X1=FまたはClであり、
X2=H、FまたはClであり、
RbおよびRcの中からのそれぞれは、独立して:
− H、Cl、F;または
− 好ましくは塩素化されたおよび/またはフッ素化された、より有利には過塩素化されたまたは過フッ素化された、アルキル基
を表す)
に相当する、ハロゲン化ビニル化合物の分散相重合のための有利な方法であって、これらのモノマーが、
− 少なくとも1つのフリーラジカル源;ならびに
− ポリマー鎖とチオカルボニルチオ基−S(C=S)−とを含み、このポリマー鎖が非(N−ビニルラクタム)モノマー単位を含み、これらのモノマー単位が、
− アクリレート型の親水性モノマー、たとえばアクリル酸およびアクリル酸ナトリウムなどのその塩、ならびにまた水溶性アクリル酸エステル、たとえば2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレートまたはオリゴもしくはポリエチレングリコールアクリレート;
− アクリルアミド型の親水性モノマー、たとえばアクリルアミド、ジメチルアクリルアミド、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチル−1−プロパンスルホン酸およびその塩、アクリルアミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド(APTAC)、ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド、N,N−ジエチルアクリルアミド、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド、N−モルホリンアクリルアミドまたはN−ヒドロキシエチルアクリルアミド;
− メタクリレート型の親水性モノマー、たとえばメタクリル酸およびメタクリル酸ナトリウムなどのその塩ならびにまたオリゴもしくはポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート、3−[N−(3−プロピルメタクリレート)−N,N−ジメチル]アンモニオプロパンスルホネート)、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート;
− メタクリルアミド型の親水性モノマー、たとえばメタクリルアミド、3−[N−(3−メタクリルアミドプロピル)−N,N−ジメチル]アンモニオプロパンスルホネート(SPP)、[(3−メタクリルアミドプロピル)−N,N−トリメチルアンモニウムクロリド(MAPTAC);
− ビニル型の親水性モノマー、たとえばビニルホスホン酸、ビニルスルホン酸ナトリウム、2−ビニルピリジン、4−ビニルピリジン、およびそれらの第四級化バージョン、ならびにビニルイミダゾール;
− アリル型の親水性モノマー、たとえばジアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド(DADMAC)、ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムメチルホスホネート(DALP)
から好ましくは選択される、「RS2」と本明細書では以下言われる少なくとも1つの反応安定剤
と一緒に、一般に分散形態で、水相へ導入される、工程(E1)を含む方法を明らかにした。
− 上述のタイプの、同一のまたは異なる(一般に同一の)非N−ビニルラクタムモノマーを含有する(および通常それからなる)モノマー;
− たとえばチオカルボニルチオ基−S(C=S)−を含む、ラジカル重合制御剤;および
− 典型的にはレドックス系であるラジカル重合開始剤
を含む組成物の制御ラジカル重合の工程(E0)から誘導されたポリマーである。
工程(E1)で使用される反応安定剤は、単独でかまたは他の安定剤と組み合わせて使用されてもよい。したがって、有利な実施形態によれば、工程(E1)は、他の安定剤の不在下で、とりわけ界面活性剤の不在下で行われる。それにもかかわらず、別の予想できる実施形態によれば、工程(E1)は、本発明の反応安定剤を他の共安定剤、たとえば界面活性剤と一緒に使用して行われてもよい。
この基は典型的には、工程(E0)で行われる制御ラジカル重合で使用される制御剤によって導入され、その制御剤は、典型的にはRAFTまたはMADIX制御剤である。特定の実施形態によれば、工程(E0)で使用されるこの制御剤は、幾つかのチオカルボニルチオ基を持っていてもよい。
(式中:
− Zは、
・水素原子、
・塩素原子、
・任意選択的に置換されたアルキルもしくは任意選択的に置換されたアリールラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換された複素環、
・任意選択的に置換されたアルキルチオラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたアリールチオラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたアルコキシラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたアリールオキシチオラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたアミノラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたヒドロジンラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたアルコキシカルボニルラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたアリールオキシカルボニルラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたカルボキシルラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたアロイルオキシラジカル、
・任意選択的に置換されたカルバモイルラジカル、
・シアノラジカル、
・ジアルキル−もしくはジアリール−ホスホナトラジカル、
・ジアルキル−ホスフィナトもしくはジアリール−ホスフィナトラジカル、
または
・ポリマー鎖
を表し、
かつ
− R1は、
・任意選択的に置換されたアルキル、アシル、アリール、アラルキル、アルケンもしくはアルキン基、
・飽和もしくは不飽和の、芳香族、任意選択的に置換された炭素環もしくは複素環、または
・ポリマー鎖
を表す)
に相当する制御剤を工程(E0)で使用することによって得られる。
工程(E0)および(E1)で使用されるフリーラジカル源は、同一であっても異なってもよく、実用上の理由から典型的には同一である。
工程(E0)でのレドックス系の使用を考えると、この工程は有利には、水性媒体中で、典型的には水を唯一の溶媒として使用して行われる。それはしたがって、有機溶媒を使用する必要なしに水性媒体中で直接にポリマーを得ることを可能にし、それは、本方法を工業的規模で用いるのに特に好適にする。
工程(E1)で使用されてもよいハロゲン化モノマーとしては、特に、塩化ビニルH2C=CHCl(VC)、塩化ビニリデンH2C=CCl2(VC2)、フッ化ビニル(VF)、フッ化ビニリデン(VDF)、ヘキサフルオロプロペン(HFP)、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(TFP)、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)、クロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)、またはパーフルオロビニルエーテル(PFVE)、たとえばパーフルオロメチルビニルエーテル(PFMVE)が挙げられる。これらのモノマーは、互いに、または他のエチレン系不飽和の、ハロゲン化もしくは非ハロゲン化モノマー(必要に応じて、典型的には50モル%未満の非ハロゲン化モノマー)と、工程(E1)でホモ重合させられても共重合させられてもよい。
使用されるモノマーの性質に関わらず、工程(E1)は、ポリマー分散系へのアクセスを提供する。典型的には、それは、工程(E1)後に得られるように、制御ラジカル重合から誘導されたブロックポリマーで形成された分散粒子を含むラテックスであり、それは、この工程で行われた制御ラジカル重合から誘導されたブロックポリマーで形成された分散粒子を含有し、これらのブロックポリマーのそれぞれは、
− 工程(E1)で使用された反応安定剤のポリマー鎖に相当する、一般に親水性、または任意選択的に両親媒性である、第1ブロックと;
− この第1ブロックに共有結合した、工程(E1)で使用された反応安定剤上に当初は存在したチオカルボニルチオ反応基(たとえばザンテート)で一般に停止する、工程(E1)で使用されたエチレン系不飽和モノマーの重合から生じたポリマー鎖を含む、疎水性である、第2ブロックと
を含む。
− 工程(E1)の前に:とりわけ、工程(E0)で、官能化もしくは非官能化モノマーを導入することによって;および/または
− 工程(E1)後に:たとえば、ラテックス粒子の表面で固定化されたポリマー鎖上に存在する基によるグラフト化反応によって
導入されてもよい。
10gのVDC、59gの蒸留水、0.47gのポリアクリルアミド−Xa(Xa=Rhodixan A1、Mn=3000g/モル、Tatonら Macromol.Rapid Commun.2001,22,18,1497にしたがって合成された)および0.26gのtert−ブチルヒドロペルオキシド溶液(水中70質量%)を、室温(20℃)で250mlの丸底フラスコに入れた。
10gのVDC、59gの蒸留水、0.47gのポリアクリル酸−Xa(Xa=Rhodixan A1、Mn=3200g/モル、Tatonら Macromol.Rapid Commun.2001,22,18,1497にしたがって合成された)および0.26gのtert−ブチルヒドロペルオキシド溶液(水中70質量%)を、室温(20℃)で250mlの丸底フラスコに入れた。
Claims (4)
- フッ化ビニリデン(VDF)、ヘキサフルオロプロペン(HFP)、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)、クロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)、およびパーフルオロビニルエーテル(PFVE)からなる群より選択されるハロゲン化ビニル化合物の分散相重合方法であって、
これらのモノマーならびに以下のもの
− 少なくとも1つのフリーラジカル源;および
− ポリマー鎖とチオカルボニルチオ基−S(C=S)−とを含み、このポリマー鎖が
− アクリレート型の親水性モノマー;
− アクリルアミド型の親水性モノマー;
− メタクリレート型の親水性モノマー;
− メタクリルアミド型の親水性モノマー;
− ビニル型の親水性モノマー;
− アリル型の親水性モノマー
からなる群より選択される非N−(ビニルラクタム)モノマー単位を含む少なくとも1つの反応安定剤
が水相に導入される、工程(E1)を含み、前記フリーラジカル源がレドックス重合開始剤であり、かつ、工程(E1)が、モノマー、レドックス重合開始剤の酸化剤、および反応安定剤とを水相に添加し撹拌して、ハロゲン化ビニルモノマーが分散形態にある水相分散液とする工程を含み、次いで、レドックス重合開始剤の還元剤を水相分散液に添加して、40℃未満の温度で界面活性剤の不在下で分散相重合する、方法。 - 工程(E1)で、前記非N−(ビニルラクタム)モノマー単位が、
− アクリル酸およびその塩、ならびに水溶性アクリル酸エステルからなる群より選択されるアクリレート型の親水性モノマー;
− アクリルアミド、ジメチルアクリルアミド、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチル−1−プロパンスルホン酸およびその塩、アクリルアミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド(APTAC)、ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド、N,N−ジエチルアクリルアミド、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド、N−モルホリンアクリルアミド、ならびにN−ヒドロキシエチルアクリルアミドからなる群より選択されるアクリルアミド型の親水性モノマー;
− メタクリル酸およびその塩、オリゴおよびポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート、3−[N−(3−プロピルメタクリレート)−N,N−ジメチル]アンモニオプロパンスルホネート)、ならびにヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートからなる群より選択されるメタクリレート型の親水性モノマー;
− メタクリルアミド、3−[N−(3−メタクリルアミドプロピル)−N,N−ジメチル]アンモニオプロパンスルホネート(SPP)、および[(3−メタクリルアミドプロピル)−N,N−トリメチルアンモニウムクロリド(MAPTAC)からなる群より選択されるメタクリルアミド型の親水性モノマー;
− ビニルホスホン酸、ビニルスルホン酸ナトリウム、2−ビニルピリジン、4−ビニルピリジン、およびそれらの第四級化バージョン、ならびにビニルイミダゾールからなる群より選択されるビニル型の親水性モノマー;
− ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド(DADMAC)、およびジアリルジメチルアンモニウムメチルホスホネート(DALP)からなる群より選択されるアリル型の親水性モノマー
から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記レドックス重合開始剤が、アスコルビン酸および亜硫酸ナトリウムから選択される還元剤と組み合わせられた、tert−ブチルヒドロペルオキシド(t−BuOOH)を酸化剤として含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応安定剤上に存在する前記チオカルボニルチオ基が、ザンテートまたはジチオカルバメートである、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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FR1200292 | 2012-01-31 | ||
PCT/EP2013/051793 WO2013113752A1 (fr) | 2012-01-31 | 2013-01-30 | Polymérisation en phase dispersée de monomères vinyliques halogénés en présence de stabilisants réactifs vivants |
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FR3071500B1 (fr) * | 2017-09-27 | 2020-05-15 | Arkema France | Synthese de latex de poly(fluorure de vinylidene) sans tensioactif par polymerisation en emulsion raft |
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