JP6349393B2 - 安定なポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)組成物及び酸性度が限定されたアニオン性安定剤 - Google Patents
安定なポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)組成物及び酸性度が限定されたアニオン性安定剤 Download PDFInfo
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Description
から誘導されるアルコキサミンを最初に用いて実施され、
式中、ラジカルRLは15.0342g/molを超えるモル質量を有する。ラジカルRLは、15.0342を超えるモル質量を有する限り、塩素、臭素又はヨウ素などのハロゲン原子であっても、直鎖状、分岐状又は環状の飽和又は不飽和炭化水素系の基(例えば、アルキルラジカル又はフェニルラジカル)であっても、或いはエステル基-COOR、又はアルコキシ基-OR、又はホスホン酸エステル基-PO(OR)2であってもよい。一価のラジカルRLはニトロキシドラジカルの窒素原子との相対位置βにあると言われる。式(1)の炭素原子及び窒素原子の残りの原子価位置は、種々のラジカル、例えば、水素原子、1から10個の炭素原子を含む炭化水素系ラジカル(アルキル、アリール又はアリールアルキルラジカルなど)に結合していてもよい。式(1)の炭素原子と窒素原子が二価のラジカルを介して環を形成するように結合していることは除外されない。しかし、式(1)の炭素原子と窒素原子の残りの原子価位置は、好ましくは一価のラジカルに結合している。ラジカルRLは、好ましくは、30g/molを超えるモル質量を有する。ラジカルRLは、例えば、40から450g/molのモル質量を有してもよい。例として、ラジカルRLは、ホスホリル基を含むラジカルであってもよく、場合によって前記ラジカルRLは、以下の式:
により表され、
式中、R3及びR4(これらは同一でも異なっていてもよい)は、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、アリール、アラルキルオキシ、ペルフルオロアルキル及びアラルキルラジカルから選択され、1から20個の炭素原子を含みうる。R3及び/又はR4はまた、塩素又は臭素又はフッ素又はヨウ素原子のようなハロンゲン原子であってもよい。ラジカルRLはまた、フェニルラジカル又はナフチルラジカルについては少なくとも一の芳香環を含んでもよく、場合によって後者は、例えば1から4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルラジカルで置換されている。
− N−tert−ブチル−1−フェニル−2−メチルプロピルニトロキシド
− N−tert−ブチル−1−(2−ナフチル)−2−メチルプロピルニトロキシド
− N−tert−ブチル−1−ジエチルホスホノ−2,2−ジメチルプロピルニトロキシド
− N−tert−ブチル−1−ジベンジルホスホノ−2,2−ジメチルプロピルニトロキシド
− N−フェニル−1−ジエチルホスホノ−2,2−ジメチルプロピルニトロキシド
− N−フェニル−1−ジエチルホスホノ−1−メチルエチルニトロキシド
− N−(1−フェニル−2−メチルプロピル)−1−ジエチルホスホノ−1−メチルエチルニトロキシド
− 4−オキソ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−1−ピペリジニルオキシ
− 2,4,6−トリ−tert−ブチルフェノキシ
II:
[式中、Rは、1から22個の炭素原子、好ましくは10から18個の炭素原子、より好ましくは12個の炭素原子を含むアルキル基を表す]
に対応するRAFT剤を用いて行われる。
カリウム 4−スチレンスルホニル(トリフルオロ-−メチルスルホニル)イミドの、2−(ドデシル−スルファニル−チオカルボニル−スルファニル)−2−メチルプロピオン酸とのRAFTを介した重合:
STFSIKとして知られているモノマーであるカリウム 4−スチレンスルホニル(トリフルオロ-メチルスルホニル)イミドの合成は文献に従って実施され、また、R.Mezianeらによる、Electrochimica Acta,2011,57,14−19の記事に記載されている。
RAFT剤(2−(ドデシル−スルファニル−チオカルボニル−スルファニル)−2−メチルプロピオン酸)は、文献に従って合成され、また、J.T.Laiらによる、Macromolecules,2002,35,6754−6756の記事に記載されている。
2g(5.66mmol)のカリウム 4−スチレンスルホニル(トリフルオロ−-メチル-スルホニル)イミド、36.4mg(0.1mmol)の2−(ドデシル−スルファニル−チオカルボニル−スルファニル)−2−メチルプロピオン酸、3.28mg(0.02mmol)のAIBN(アゾビスイソブチロニトリル)及び4mlのジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)を乾燥したシュレンクチューブに入れる。次いで、シュレンクチューブを不活性にし、65℃のオイルバスに入れる。全転化(24時間)の後、シュレンクチューブを液体窒素に浸す。ポリマーPSTFSIK(カリウム ポリ(4−スチレンスルホニル(トリフルオロメチル−-スルホニル)-イミド))を沈殿により二度洗浄し、次いでエーテルで濾過する。次いで、60℃の減圧オーブン内で該ポリマーを乾燥させる。ポリマーの構造は、プロトンNMR(図1)及びフッ素19NMR(図2)により確認される。
ポリスチレン標準物質を用いてSECにより測定される数平均分子量は20000g/molで、多-分散指数は1.1である。
150mlの脱イオン水に溶解させた1.65g(Mn 20000g/mol)のPSFTSIK、0.3ml(2.81mmol)のEDOT(Sigma−Aldrich)を、一口丸底フラスコに撹拌しながら入れる。次いで、過硫酸アンモニウム(640mg、2.81mmol)と塩化第二鉄(136mg、0.84mmol)の混合物を導入する。窒素雰囲気下25℃で、反応混合物を48時間激しく撹拌する。これによりダークブルーの分散体を得る。得られたPEDOTとPSTFSIKの分散体を、脱イオン水の存在下、再生セルロースMillipore膜NMWL:100000(分子量カットオフ)を用いる限外濾過により洗浄し、PEDOTに結合していないPSTFSIK及び酸化剤に由来する塩を取り除く。固体の最終収率は85%である。この分散体を用いるスピンコーティングによりフィルムを作製し、AFMイメージングする。図3は、40〜50nmの範囲の粒径を示す。
実施例2で作製したPEDOT−PSTFSIKを、市販のラテックス(PEDOT−ポリスチレン−コ−ポリスチレンスルホン酸)と比較する。
これらの製品を、脱イオン水に分散させ(1質量%)、IKA社製T18 Ultra−turraxミキサーを使用し様々な速度(15500、20000、24000rpm)で、各速度につき5分間破砕する。
これらの条件下では、市販のラテックス又は本発明の主題であるラテックスのいずれについても、ラテックスの非常に良好な安定性を実証するような凝集体をわずかでも観察することはできなかった。
Arkema社製Graphistrength(登録商標)多層カーボンナノチューブを、数分間の強力な超音波励起を利用し、実施例2の分散体を用いて水に分散させる。残留凝集体は、超遠心分離によって除去される。0.26重量%のPEDOT:PSTFSIKカップルを含有する水溶液中に0.15重量%までのカーボンナノチューブ濃度について安定した分散体が観察される。
PEDOT:PSTFSIKの試料の電気伝導性を、厚さ1mm及び直径13mmのディスク状にプレスしたPEDOT:PSTFSIKの試料で「4探針」法により測定する。ディスクは、10トン水圧プレス を用いて得られる。様々な合成実験条件下で作製される該ディスクの質量導電性を表1に示す。
最も高い導電性は、EDOTとSTFSIKのモル比が0.6:1のとき、1:0.3の比のAPS/FeCl3酸化剤カップルで得られる。水/イソプロパノール混合物中又は水/エチレングリコール混合物中のいずれかで合成が実施されるときに導電性は全く観察されない。
PEDOT:PSTFSIKの薄膜フィルムを、100℃に加熱されたホットプレートの上に置いたガラス板上で、10質量%エチレングリコールを用いるPEDOT:PSTFSIK分散体のスプレーコーティングにより作製する。4探針法により抵抗を測定し、島津製UV−Vis−NIR UV−3600分光光度計を用いて550nmで透過率を測定する。
同様に、実施例3で作製したようなカーボンナノチューブを含有する分散体から薄膜フィルムを製造し、導電性と透過率を測定する。
曲線のプロットは図4に記載されている。
Clevios社製のPEDOT:PSS PH1000(PEDOT:PSSと記載)と比較して、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)を含有する配合組成の良好な特性が特に注目される。
Claims (11)
- ポリアニオンがカリウム ポリ(4−スチレンスルホニル(トリフルオロメチル−スルホニル)イミド)を含む、PEDOT:ポリアニオン組成物。
- ポリアニオンがニトロキシドを用いる制御ラジカル重合により重合される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ニトロキシドがN−tert−ブチル−1−ジエチルホスホノ−2,2−ジメチル-プロピルニトロキシドである、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- ポリアニオンがRAFT型の制御ラジカル-重合により重合される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 添加剤も含有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 添加剤がエチレングリコールである、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物から得られる導電性透明フィルム。
- 分散ナノフィラーのための、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の使用。
- ナノフィラーがカーボンナノチューブからなる、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物及びカーボンナノチューブから得られる導電性透明フィルム。
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FR13.60684 | 2013-10-31 | ||
PCT/FR2014/052750 WO2015063416A2 (fr) | 2013-10-31 | 2014-10-29 | Compositions stables de poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) et de stabilisants anioniques a acidité limitée |
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