JP6308475B2 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6308475B2 JP6308475B2 JP2015516917A JP2015516917A JP6308475B2 JP 6308475 B2 JP6308475 B2 JP 6308475B2 JP 2015516917 A JP2015516917 A JP 2015516917A JP 2015516917 A JP2015516917 A JP 2015516917A JP 6308475 B2 JP6308475 B2 JP 6308475B2
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000019116 sleep disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004905 tetrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
図2に示す層構成の有機EL素子を基本として、発光層5の構成を変更して、有機EL素子を設計し、上記の構成が好ましいこと、及びさらに好ましい態様を説明する。図2の有機EL素子は、図1の有機EL素子から光拡散層7を除いた構成となっており、それ以外は、図1の有機EL素子と同じ層構成となっている。ただし、発光層5の発光波長等は適宜変更を加える。図1の構成と同じ構成については同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。光拡散層7を省略することにより、素子を単純化して好適な設計を行うことができる。
有機EL素子の発光色の色温度は2500K以下であることが好ましい一態様である。それにより、高効率の照明装置を実現することが可能である。色温度が2500K以下の照明は有機EL素子の使用が有利である。色温度が2500K以下の発光色は、無機材料のLEDでは、実現しにくく、実現したとしても効率が非常に悪い。無機材料のLEDでは、2500K以下の発光色にするために、青から赤に波長変換することが求められ、その際のロスが大きいためである。
有機EL素子は、発光層の膜厚が数百nmと比較的薄く、光の波長(媒質内を伝播する波長)と非常に近いため、有機EL素子内部で薄膜干渉が生じる。その結果、有機層の膜厚によって内部の発光が干渉し、出射する光の強度が大きく増減する。出射する光の強度を最大限に高めるためには、発光層から光取り出し側へ直接向かう光(直接光)と、発光層から反射性の電極へ向かった後にこの電極で反射されてから光取り出し側へ向かう光(反射光)とが、干渉しあって強めあうようにする。光が反射層において反射すると、その前後で位相シフトπが生じる。そこで、理想モデルにおいては、発光源と反射層の表面との間の膜厚dに屈折率nを乗じて導出される光学膜厚(光学的距離)が、光の波長λの1/4πの奇数倍と略等しくなるように設計される。これにより、基板から正面方向に出射する光の成分量が極大値となる。いわゆるキャビティ設計である。この方法は、光が内部で増幅されることを意味するわけではなく、光の方向を変更させ、特定の方向、例えば、大気中へ光を取り出しやすい正面方向への光を強めることを意味する。しかしながら、実際には、光の位相シフトはπとはならず、有機層及び反射層における屈折、消衰が関わってくることとなり、より複雑な挙動を示す。このときの光の位相シフトをφと表すことができる。有機EL素子ではこの位相シフトφを用いて素子を設計することができる。
有機EL素子の光取り出し設計における、さらに好ましい関係を説明する。
上記の有機EL素子では、長波長発光ユニット1Lの数が短波長発光ユニット1Sの数よりも多いため、長波長側の成分が相対的に多くなる構成となっている。そのため、内部で吸収される成分が相対的に小さく光取出し効率が高くなる。これは、一般的に材料を構成する有機材料、電極を構成する材料、および光取出し構造を構成する部材すべてにおいて、一般的に短波長成分の方が吸収が多いことから理解される。
有機EL素子を構成する材料を説明する。有機EL素子は、有機EL素子を製造するために通常用いられる適宜の材料で形成され得る。
光拡散層7の好ましい一例を以下に説明する。図1の有機EL素子は、光拡散層7を有している。
上記のような有機EL素子を用いることにより、照明装置を得ることができる。照明装置は、例えば、有機EL素子と、電源と、スイッチと、これらを電気的に接続する電気配線とを備えていてよい。照明装置は、白色発光の照明装置として構成することができる。ただし、白色発光といっても、発光色の調節が可能であり、照明用途として求められる種々の色温度の光を発することができる。例えば、色温度の分類において、電球色、温白色、白色、昼白色、昼光色などの色を発することができる。そして、上記の有機EL素子では、光取り出し効率が高く、視野角特性に優れた照明装置を提供することが可能である。
1S 短波長発光ユニット
1L 長波長発光ユニット
2 光透過性電極
3 光反射性電極
5 発光層
6 基板
7 光拡散層
Claims (9)
- 光透過性電極と光反射性電極との間に配置された発光ユニットを3つ備え、
3つの前記発光ユニットは、下記式(1)で示される重み平均発光波長λSが380nm以上550nm未満の1つの短波長発光ユニットと、下記式(1)で示される重み平均発光波長λSが550nm以上780nm以下の2つの長波長発光ユニットと、から構成され、
前記長波長発光ユニットはリン光発光ユニットで構成され、前記短波長発光ユニットは蛍光発光ユニットで構成され、
3つの前記発光ユニットの各々は、発光層と、前記発光層の前記光反射性電極側に設けられた電荷移動層とを備える、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
上記式において、P(λ)は、各波長におけるスペクトル強度を示す。 - 3つの前記発光ユニットは、複数の発光材料を含む前記発光ユニットを1以上有する、請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 発光色の色温度は2500K以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記光反射性電極に最も近い前記発光ユニットは、前記短波長発光ユニットにより構成されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記光透過性電極、3つの前記発光ユニット、及び、前記光反射性電極は、基板に支持されており、
前記基板と前記光透過性電極との間に、光拡散層を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。 - 3つの前記発光ユニットは、前記光反射性電極側から、緑色発光材料を含む前記発光ユニット、青色発光材料を含む前記発光ユニット、及び、赤色発光材料を含む前記発光ユニット、の順に配置されている、請求項1〜4、及び6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 3つの前記発光ユニットは、前記光反射性電極側から、青色発光材料を含む前記発光ユニット、赤色発光材料を含む前記発光ユニット、及び、緑色発光材料を含む前記発光ユニット、の順に配置されている、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えた照明装置。
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KR20150119515A (ko) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-10-26 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 조명 순응 기반 영상 보정 방법, 이를 채용한 표시 장치 및 전자 기기 |
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