JP6290856B2 - 多成分溶液からプロセスガスを送達する方法 - Google Patents
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Description
Ptot=Paxa+Pbxb
上記式中、Ptotは、二成分溶液の全蒸気圧であり、Paは、成分Aの純溶液の蒸気圧であり、xaは、二成分溶液中の成分Aのモル分率であり、Pbは、成分Bの純溶液の蒸気圧であり、かつxbは、二成分溶液中の成分Bのモル分率である。したがって、各成分の相対モル分率は、液相中と液体の上の蒸気相中とでは異なる。特定的には、より揮発性の高い成分(すなわち、より高い蒸気圧を有する成分)は、気相中では液相中よりも高い相対モル分率を有する。それに加えて、バブラーなどの典型的なガス送達デバイスの気相は、キャリヤーガスにより連続的に運び去られるので、二成分液体溶液の組成、ひいては液体の上のガスヘッドスペースの組成は、動的である。より揮発性の高い成分を連続的に補充しなければ、より揮発性の低い成分のモル分率は、液体中では経時的に増加するであろう。
P(preloada)=P’a−(xa/xb)P’b
P(preloada)=Paxa−xaPb
P(preloada)=xa(Pa−Pb)
式中、P(preloada)は、あらかじめ充填されたキャリヤー中のあらかじめ充填された成分(A)の分圧であり、P’aは、蒸気相中の高揮発性成分Aの分圧であり、P’bは、蒸気相中のより揮発性の低い成分Bの分圧であり、Paは、成分Aの純溶液の蒸気圧であり、Pbは、成分Bの純溶液の蒸気圧であり、かつxaおよびxbは、液体源中の成分AおよびBの相対モル分率である。典型的には、ラウールの法則は理想化近似であり、かつほとんどの溶液は非理想状態であるので、あらかじめ充填された成分の量は、実験的に決定する必要があろう。しかしながら、この式で提供された近似は、典型的には、有用な出発点を提供する。
Claims (16)
- (a)多成分液体源から過酸化水素水溶液を気化させて過酸化水素水溶液の蒸気相を提供するステップであって、前記過酸化水素水溶液が揮発性の高い成分として水と揮発性の低い成分として過酸化水素を含むものであるステップと、
(b)充填したキャリヤーガスを前記蒸気相と接触させるステップであって、前記充填したキャリヤーガスが、キャリヤーガスと、少なくとも水蒸気とを含むものであるステップと、
(c)前記過酸化水素水溶液の少なくとも一つの成分を含むガスストリームを、マイクロエレクトロニクスの製造および処理;細菌、ウイルス、および他の生物学的因子で汚染された表面の消毒;工業部品のクリーニング;医薬品の製造;ナノ材料の製造;電力の発生および制御装置;燃料電池;およびパワー伝達デバイス;のうちのいずれかのプロセスまたはアプリケーションに送達するステップと、を具え、
(i)前記過酸化水素水溶液中への前記充填したキャリヤーガスからの水蒸気の正味の吸収、または(ii)前記過酸化水素水溶液から前記充填したキャリヤーガス中への過酸化水素の正味の除去、のいずれかによって、前記キャリヤーガス中の水蒸気の量が、前記過酸化水素水溶液の成分比を維持するのに十分であることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記ガスストリームから水蒸気を除去するための方法をさらに含み、当該方法が前記蒸気相の下流で実施されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法において、前記水蒸気を除去するための方法が、膜コンタクター乾燥器を使用することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記キャリヤーガスが、窒素を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記過酸化水素水溶液の蒸気相と前記過酸化水素水溶液がガス不透過性の膜により分離されており、前記ガス不透過性の膜は前記過酸化水素は透過させることができることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、前記ガス不透過性の膜がフッ素化イオン交換膜を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、次のパラメーター、すなわち、(a)前記多成分液体源の温度、(b)前記多成分液体源の圧力、(c)前記多成分液体源の濃度、(d)前記キャリヤーガスの温度、(e)前記キャリヤーガスの圧力、および(f)前記キャリヤーガスの流量、の少なくとも1つを変化させることにより、前記蒸気相の少なくとも1つの成分の濃度を変化させるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法において、次のパラメーター、すなわち、(a)前記多成分液体源の温度、(b)前記多成分液体源の圧力、(c)前記多成分液体源の濃度、(d)前記キャリヤーガスの温度、(e)前記キャリヤーガスの圧力、(f)前記膜の表面積、および(g)前記キャリヤーガスの流量、の少なくとも1つを変化させることにより、前記蒸気相の少なくとも1つの成分の濃度を変化させるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 化学送達システムにおいて、
(a)揮発性の高い成分として水と、揮発性の低い成分として過酸化水素とを含む過酸化水素水溶液を提供する多成分液体源と;
(a1)前記多成分液体源と流体接触しているヘッドスペースであって、前記多成分液体源から前記過酸化水素水溶液を蒸発させることにより得られた蒸気相を含むヘッドスペースと;
(b)前記蒸気相と流体接触している充填したキャリヤーガス源であって、キャリヤーガスと少なくとも水蒸気とを含むキャリヤーガス源と;
(c)前記ヘッドスペースと流体接触している装置であって、当該装置は前記キャリヤーガスが前記蒸気相に接触したときに産出されるガスストリームを送達するように構成されており、前記ガスストリームが前記多成分液体源の少なくとも1つの成分を含む装置と、を具え、
(i)前記過酸化水素水溶液中への前記充填したキャリヤーガスからの水蒸気の正味の吸収、または(ii)前記過酸化水素水溶液から前記充填したキャリヤーガス中への過酸化水素の正味の除去、のいずれかによって、前記充填したキャリヤーガス中の水蒸気の量が、前記多成分液体源の成分比を維持するのに十分であることを特徴とする化学送達システム。 - 請求項9に記載の化学送達システムにおいて、前記多成分液体源から前記蒸気相を分離するガス不透過性の膜をさらに含み、当該ガス不透過性の膜は過酸化水素は透過させることができることを特徴とする化学送達システム。
- 請求項10に記載の化学送達システムにおいて、前記ガス不透過性の膜がフッ素化イオン交換膜を含むことを特徴とする化学送達システム
- 請求項9に記載の化学送達システムにおいて、前記充填したキャリヤーガス源が、少なくとも水をキャリヤーガスに導入するデバイスであることを特徴とする化学送達システム。
- 請求項12に記載の化学送達システムにおいて、前記水を前記キャリヤーガスに導入する前記デバイスが膜コンタクター加湿器であることを特徴とする化学送達システム。
- 請求項9に記載の化学送達システムにおいて、前記ガスストリームから水蒸気を除去するためのデバイスをさらに含み、前記デバイスが前記蒸気相の下流に位置することを特徴とする化学送達システム。
- 請求項14に記載の化学送達システムにおいて、前記水蒸気を除去するためのデバイスが、膜コンタクター乾燥器であることを特徴とする化学送達システム。
- 請求項9に記載の化学送達システムにおいて、前記キャリヤーガスが、窒素を含むことを特徴とする化学送達システム。
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