JP6258253B2 - 車両の加熱および/または空調方法 - Google Patents
車両の加熱および/または空調方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6258253B2 JP6258253B2 JP2015087182A JP2015087182A JP6258253B2 JP 6258253 B2 JP6258253 B2 JP 6258253B2 JP 2015087182 A JP2015087182 A JP 2015087182A JP 2015087182 A JP2015087182 A JP 2015087182A JP 6258253 B2 JP6258253 B2 JP 6258253B2
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical group FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 15
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFTOUVYEKNGDCM-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)F FFTOUVYEKNGDCM-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 1-chloro Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCOCC1CO1 YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJEORQYOUWYAMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-butylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane Chemical class CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OCC1OC1 HJEORQYOUWYAMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSDVRWZKEDRBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)hexoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC(CCCCC)OCC1CO1 HSDVRWZKEDRBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00907—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant changes and an evaporator becomes condenser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00935—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising four way valves for controlling the fluid direction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Description
冷却剤は2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンに加えて飽和または不飽和のヒドロフルオロカーボンを含むことができる。
飽和ヒドロフルオロカーボンの例としては特にジフルオロメタン、ジフルオロエタン、テトラフルオロエタンおよびペンタフルオロエタンが挙げられる。
不飽和ヒドロフルオロカーボンの例としては特に1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、トリフルオロプロペン、例えば3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンおよびモノクロロトリフルオロプロペン、例えば1−クロロ,3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンおよび2−クロロ,3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペンが挙げられる。
80〜98重量%の2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンと、2〜20重量%のジフルオロメタン、
40〜95重量%の2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンと、5〜60重量%の1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン、
90〜98重量%の2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンと、2〜10重量%のジフルオロエタン、
90〜98重量%の2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンと、2〜10重量%のペンタフルオロエタン。
90〜98重量%の2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンと、2〜20重量%のジフルオロメタン、
90〜95重量%の2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンと、5〜10重量%の1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン、
95〜98重量%の2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンと、2〜5重量%のジフルオロエタン、
95〜98重量%の2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンき、2〜5重量%のペンタフルオロエタン。
主として2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンを含む組成物が特に好ましい。
ッド自動車にも同様に適している。本発明方法は、客室とバッテリーの両方に対して気候条件(高温または低温)に応じてエネルギーを最良に管理し、特に、熱交換器流体回路を介してバッテリーに温熱または冷熱を供給できる。
本発明はさらに、上記冷却ループを備えた装置にも関するものである。
熱交換器(43、45)は空気/冷却剤型であり、交換器(48、47)は液体/冷却剤型である。これらの交換器の動作は[図3]に示す第3実施例のものと同じである。
車両でのヒートポンプ運転条件での冷却剤の性能のシミュレーションを凝縮器温度を30℃に固定して行った。
凝縮温度:+30℃(T cond)
圧縮器入口温度:+5℃(Te comp)
蒸発器Pは蒸発器の圧力。
凝縮器Pは凝縮器の圧力。
圧縮器出口Tは圧縮器出口温度。
圧縮率:圧縮率は低圧に対する高圧の比。
COP:これは性能係数(coefficient de performance)で、ヒートポンプの場合、系に供給される有効熱能力を系が受け取ったまたは消費した動力で割ったもので定義される。
CAP:これは容積能力(capacite volumetrique)すなわち容積単位当たりの熱能力(kJ/m3)である。
%CAPまたはCOPは2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO-1234yf)のHFC-134aのそれに対するCAPまたはCOPの値の比である。
圧縮器の等エントロピー効率:これは流体に伝達される実際のエネルギーと等エントロピーエネルギーとの比である。
圧縮器の等エントロピー効率は圧縮率の関数として表される([図5])。
η=a+bτ+c・τ2+d・τ3+e・τ4
η:等エントロピー効率
τ:圧縮率
a、b、c、e:定数
Shan K.Wang、「空調および冷凍の手引き」
HFO-1234yfは、同じ圧縮器で、極めて低い温度で、HFC-134aよりもの性能が良い。加熱モードで且つ凝縮温度が30℃の場合、HFO-1234yfは圧縮器の効率が良く、COPおよび能力が良い。
Claims (7)
- 第1熱交換器と、膨張弁と、第2熱交換器と、圧縮器と、冷却剤の流れの方向を逆にする手段とを有する、内部を冷却剤が流れる可逆冷却ループを用いて自動車の客室を加熱および/または空調するシステムでの冷却剤の使用であって、
上記冷却剤が2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンであり且つ上記システムが外部温度が−15℃以下でも運転されるシステムであることを特徴とする使用。 - 上記冷却剤が飽和および不飽和のヒドロフルオロカーボンをさらに含む請求項1に記載の使用。
- 第1交換器および第2交換器が空気/冷却剤型である請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 上記冷却ループが熱機関の冷却回路に熱的に結合されている請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 冷却剤と自動車の熱機関からの排ガスの両方が第1熱交換器を同時に流れる請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 上記冷却ループが、自動車の熱機関に入る空気流または自動車の熱機関から放出される放出ガスと熱的に結合された少なくとも一つの熱交換器を分路(derivation)として有する請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 上記冷却ループが、熱機関および/またはバッテリーからエネルギーを回収するために車両に設置されている請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0857454 | 2008-11-03 | ||
FR0857454A FR2937906B1 (fr) | 2008-11-03 | 2008-11-03 | Procede de chauffage et/ou climatisation d'un vehicule. |
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JP2011533789A Division JP2012507682A (ja) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | 車両の加熱および/または空調方法 |
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JP6258253B2 true JP6258253B2 (ja) | 2018-01-10 |
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JP2015087182A Active JP6258253B2 (ja) | 2008-11-03 | 2015-04-22 | 車両の加熱および/または空調方法 |
JP2017222052A Pending JP2018063108A (ja) | 2008-11-03 | 2017-11-17 | 車両の加熱および/または空調方法 |
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US (1) | US20110240254A1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2342302B1 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP2012507682A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102203209B (ja) |
DK (1) | DK2342302T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2627319T3 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2937906B1 (ja) |
HU (1) | HUE034395T2 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL212354A (ja) |
PL (1) | PL2342302T3 (ja) |
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US8820079B2 (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2014-09-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Chloro- and bromo-fluoro olefin compounds useful as organic rankine cycle working fluids |
FR2936806B1 (fr) | 2008-10-08 | 2012-08-31 | Arkema France | Fluide refrigerant |
FR2937328B1 (fr) | 2008-10-16 | 2010-11-12 | Arkema France | Procede de transfert de chaleur |
US20170080773A1 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2017-03-23 | Arkema France | Vehicle Heating and/or Air Conditioning Method |
FR2950068B1 (fr) | 2009-09-11 | 2012-05-18 | Arkema France | Procede de transfert de chaleur |
FR2950065B1 (fr) * | 2009-09-11 | 2012-02-03 | Arkema France | Fluide refrigerant binaire |
FR2950071B1 (fr) | 2009-09-11 | 2012-02-03 | Arkema France | Compositions ternaires pour refrigeration basse capacite |
FR2950070B1 (fr) | 2009-09-11 | 2011-10-28 | Arkema France | Compositions ternaires pour refrigeration haute capacite |
FR2950066B1 (fr) | 2009-09-11 | 2011-10-28 | Arkema France | Refrigeration basse et moyenne temperature |
FR2950067B1 (fr) | 2009-09-11 | 2011-10-28 | Arkema France | Fluide de transfert de chaleur en remplacement du r-410a |
US10035938B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2018-07-31 | Arkema France | Heat transfer fluid replacing R-134a |
FR2950069B1 (fr) | 2009-09-11 | 2011-11-25 | Arkema France | Utilisation de compositions ternaires |
FR2954342B1 (fr) | 2009-12-18 | 2012-03-16 | Arkema France | Fluides de transfert de chaleur a inflammabilite reduite |
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- 2009-10-28 WO PCT/FR2009/052075 patent/WO2010061084A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-10-28 HU HUE09760545A patent/HUE034395T2/en unknown
- 2009-10-28 ES ES09760545.5T patent/ES2627319T3/es active Active
- 2009-10-28 EP EP17162639.3A patent/EP3205699A1/fr active Pending
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ES2627319T3 (es) | 2017-07-27 |
EP3205699A1 (fr) | 2017-08-16 |
IL212354A0 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
PL2342302T3 (pl) | 2017-08-31 |
EP2342302B1 (fr) | 2017-04-26 |
DK2342302T3 (en) | 2017-06-19 |
US20110240254A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
IL212354A (en) | 2016-03-31 |
JP2012507682A (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
FR2937906A1 (fr) | 2010-05-07 |
FR2937906B1 (fr) | 2010-11-19 |
HUE034395T2 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
WO2010061084A1 (fr) | 2010-06-03 |
JP2015163836A (ja) | 2015-09-10 |
JP2018063108A (ja) | 2018-04-19 |
PT2342302T (pt) | 2017-06-08 |
JP2020040663A (ja) | 2020-03-19 |
CN102203209A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
CN102203209B (zh) | 2014-03-12 |
EP2342302A1 (fr) | 2011-07-13 |
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