JP6243122B2 - 液体にプラズマ粒子を当てるための方法及び装置、並びに水を殺菌するための使用 - Google Patents
液体にプラズマ粒子を当てるための方法及び装置、並びに水を殺菌するための使用 Download PDFInfo
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F1/4608—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods using electrical discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
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- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/302—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with microwaves
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2209/03—Pressure
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
本開示において「気体」に関しては、物質がその一般の形態(例えば空気)で発見される際の物質の状態を称するため使用され得ることがあるが、他の場合、いくらかのまたは全ての気体特性(例えば、蒸気)を一時的に得た物質に関して使用され得る。同様に、液体に関しては、通常、その液体形態で発見される物質に関して使用されてもよく、及び/または液体一時的に形成しているもの(例えば、濃縮物)、または他の物質(例えば、希釈を介する)と組み合わせた、及び液体を一時的に形成するものに関して使用され得る。それらの状態及び/または状態遷移は、例えば、所定の物質を混合物から分離する遷移状態を使用するため、本発明の実施形態に対し、非常に利益があり得る。
通常の状況下で、気体中の荷電担体(電子及びイオン)の濃度は、非常に低く、気体は非常によい誘電体である。気体は、大量の荷電担体の存在を必要とし、それら荷電担体は、著しい電気誘導性を取るために分極を介して生成され得る。荷電の発生から消滅の間の平衡があると、気体は安定した電気誘導性を取得する。
反応装置260へ流す。設計により、反応装置260の大きさは、液体の浸入により、液体が反応装置内に広がるように設定され得る。
・放電は、安定抵抗を通り、整流装置からの一定電圧で存在し得る。
・放電は、分解電圧に荷電されるエネルギー保存機器(例えば、蓄電器)から存在し得る。
・放電は、代替電圧源(例えば、30〜50kHzの周波数を有する)から存在し得る。試験的な場合において、プラズマは、100atmの圧力(すなわち、先の反応装置の圧力)、及び10KVの放電電圧または上述のものを用いて誘発される。定常な体制において、65atmまたはそれ以下に下げられてもよく、チャンバのジオメトリーに依存する電極間の電圧は、500〜4000V(またはそれ以上)の間であった。放電電流は、数百mA〜数Aの間にあった。
各種供給原料のために適用に応じて、最適なパラメータ一式がある。けれども、反応装置内で安定したプラズマ放電となるためのパラメータの組み合わせの範囲は広い。純粋な液体においては、それら最適なパラメータを計算すること、また実験的に決定されるべき混合物においてはそれらを理論上予測することが、可能である。
β=Vg・(Vg+Vw)−1
によって付与され、ここで、「Vg」は、気体/空気の体積であり、「Vw」は、水の体積である。音の速度の最小値は、0.5の体積比率「β」において20m/sである。真空度が高い場合、音波の速度は、毎秒数メートルに減少し得る。
本発明は、水を殺菌するための方法及びシステムを提供する。本発明が以下に教示するような、プラズマの液体への適用の組み合わせにおけるプラズマが存在する反応装置内で生じる状況(上述の説明を参照)は、消費者に危険を提起し得る生物学的因子を水からの除去することに適した環境を提供する。
・細胞の外側の細胞成分の漏出を用いて、細胞壁の直接の酸化/破壊
・オゾン分解のラジカル副生成物との反応
・核酸の成分(プリン及びピリミジン)への損傷
Claims (14)
- 液体にプラズマ粒子を当てるための方法であって、
液体の第1水流を取得するステップ(a)と、
気体部分と液体部分とを含む二相混合物を前記液体の第1水流から取得し、前記第1水流の周囲の圧力を降下させる拡張した容量を有するチャンバに前記第1水流を通過させるステップ(b)と、
前記二相混合物に対して配置される一組の電極により高周波電界を発生させるステップ(c)と、
前記二相混合物の気体部分のイオン化によりプラズマ状態を発生させ、かつプラズマ状態を維持するステップ(d)と、
前記プラズマ状態を発生させた後に前記二相混合物を濃縮して単一相流である液体に変換し、液体の第2水流を取得するステップ(e)と、
前記液体の第2水流に含有される複数の物質を別個に収集するステップ(f)と、
を含む、方法。 - 前記ステップ(a)は、水溶液または液状炭化水素の水流を取得するステップ(a’)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(a)は、前記液体の第1水流の圧力および/または温度を修正するステップ(a’’)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)は、前記第1水流を噴霧するための機器を通じて前記第1水流を通過させるステップ(b’)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(d)は、前記二相混合物中に配置される一組の電極に高圧電流を印加するステップ(d’)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(e)は、前記第2水流を冷却するステップ(e’)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(e)は、前記二相混合物から少なくとも1つの気体を分離するステップ(e’’)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1水流を噴霧するための機器は、ノズル、隔壁、または流体力学変換器である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 液体にプラズマ粒子を当てるための装置であって、
少なくとも1つのポンプおよび少なくとも1つの高圧パイプをさらに含む供給原料注入手段と、
二相混合物を液相供給原料から作製するための液体噴霧器であって、前記二相混合物は液滴部分と気体部分とを含む、液体噴霧器と、
一組の電極を有する反応装置であって、前記電極は高周波電界を発生させて、前記二相混合物の気体部分のイオン化によりプラズマ状態を発生させるための手段を含む、反応装置と、
前記二相混合物を濃縮して、液体の単一相流に変換するための液体凝縮器と、
変換された液体の単一相流の後処理システムであって、前記後処理システムは、前記単一相流に含有される複数の物質を別個に収集するための複数の後処理ステーションを含む、後処理システムと、
前記二相混合物の周囲の圧力を降下させる拡張した容量を有するチャンバと、
を含む、装置。 - 前記反応装置は、圧力と温度を計測する複数のセンサをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記反応装置は、少なくとも1つの副生成物気体を前記反応装置から分離する少なくとも1つの機器をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記反応装置は、少なくとも1つの化合物を直接、前記反応装置内へ添加する少なくとも1つのノズルをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記液体凝縮器は冷却装置をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 水を衛生化するための方法であって、
電気放電を印加するための手段を有する反応装置の入口に水を供給し、前記水の周囲の圧力を降下させる拡張した容量を有するチャンバに、噴霧器を通じて供給された水を通過させることによって、前記水から、水流と気体部分とからなる二相水流を取得するステップ(A)と、
前記二相水流に対して配置される一組の電極により、前記二相水流に高周波電界を発生させるステップ(B)と、
前記高周波電界を発生させるステップ(B)によって、前記二相水流の気体部分に電気放電を印加して、前記反応装置内で前記気体部分にプラズマ状態を発生させるステップ(C)と、
前記反応装置の出口で前記二相水流を液相に濃縮して単一相水流である水に変換するステップ(D)と、
変換された水に含有される複数の物質を別個に収集するステップ(E)と、
を含む、方法。
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