JP6215074B2 - Suppon feed and farming suppon production method and suppon flesh meat amino acid increasing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a suppon feed that provides an excellent taste of cultivated suppon. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing cultured suppon using the suppon feed and a method for increasing amino acids in suppon meat.

  A turtle is a turtle belonging to the genus Kyoktousspon, which has been eaten in Japan and China since ancient times. Most of the suppons that are edible in Japan have been cultivated. Like wild suppons, they are cultivated in the open-air culture that is hibernated, and in the aquaculture that uses the waste heat from the factory and hot springs. Yes.

  Suppons are omnivores that are strong in animal food, and eat various foods, mainly fish and amphibians. Therefore, in general, there is provided a mixed feed that is used as a kneaded bait and is a mixture of fish meal as a main ingredient and α-starch, vitamins considering nutritional efficiency, beer yeast, and the like. In addition, it is known to add spirulina, rutin derived from vegetable fruits, etc. for coloring meat and lipids (Non-patent Document 1).

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a fish-like fish feed by adding at least water to a raw material mixture containing a starch-containing raw material and a protein-containing raw material. Here, it is disclosed that at least a part of the raw material mixture is heated and pressurized by an extruder. However, this relates to a production method for exhibiting a cocoon-like property having moderate elongation, elasticity and smoothness, and the raw materials for blended feed used therein are conventionally known.

JP 2013-188151 A

Fumio Takashima and Mamoru Murai (Editor), “Fisheries Aquaculture System <2>-Freshwater Fish” pp. 309-328, Hoshiseisha Koseikaku, 2005

  Suppon is a food that takes a relatively long time to grow to a size that can be shipped in 4-5 years for open-air farming and about 1.5-2 years for warm-culture. In this turtle culture, if the food does not match, the growth of the turtle will be slowed and the growth period will be further prolonged, and the taste of the turtle cultivated by the food will change. Therefore, there is a demand for a bait that has excellent effects such as good eating of the turtle, the taste and fat of the obtained turtle, and improved nutritional value. An object of the present invention is to provide a suppon feed for solving such problems. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing various amino acids that affect suppon meat in terms of nutritional value and taste.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found that the following inventions meet the above object, and have reached the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to the following inventions.
<1> A suppon feed comprising the head of a clam, which is a raw material derived from the clam, added to the blended feed.
<2> The <1> description, wherein when the sum of the dry weights of the raw materials derived from the giant clam and each of the blended feeds is 100% by weight, the raw material derived from the giant clam is contained in an amount of 5% by weight to 45% by weight. Suppon feed.
<3> The suppon feed according to <1> or <2>, wherein the blended feed is a blended feed containing fish meal as a main component.
<4> The suppon feed according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein the suppon feed further contains lactic acid bacteria.
<5> A method for producing a cultured suppon that feeds the suppon feed according to any one of <1> to <4>.
<6> A method for increasing the amino acid content of a suppon meat, comprising feeding the suppon feed according to any one of <1> to <4> to the suppon to increase an amino acid contained in the suppon meat.
<7> The increased amino acid content of the suppon flesh according to <6>, wherein the increasing amino acid is one or more amino acids selected from isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and serine. Method.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the feed for suppon which can grow a cultured supper satisfactorily is provided. By feeding and feeding the suppon feed, it is possible to obtain a cultivated suppon having excellent taste and fat. Moreover, the amount of amino acids in the suppon meat can be increased by feeding the suppon feed.

It is a figure showing the amino acid increase amount of the suppon cultured using the suppon feed of this invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. However, the description of the constituent elements described below is an example (representative example) of an embodiment of the present invention. It is not limited to the contents.

  The suppon feed of the present invention is characterized in that the head of a giant clam, which is a raw material of the giant clam, is added to the blended feed. By using this suppon feed as a bait, the growth of the suppon bred is promoted, and a suppon with excellent taste and fat can be obtained.

  The present invention relates to a turtle feed. Here, the suppon is a turtle belonging to the genus Kyoto Usupon, which is a reptile turtle, as described above, and is sometimes called Kyoto Usupon, Sina Supon, Suppon, Nihon Supon in the Japanese name. Suppons are edible mainly in Japan, China, etc., and there is a point that strict species are not distinguished, but gobuk bispons and marsupons of the turtles are often called simply turtles. . The feed of the present invention can be used as a feed for suppon in the sense that it is a generic term for these edible and generally called turtles.

  The “raw material derived from the giant clam” is a raw material derived from the giant clam, and is obtained by keeping the shell, head contents, meat, etc. of the giant clam raw or frozen, heated and dried. These are usually used after being chopped, crushed, pressed or grated. Specifically, the raw materials for giant clams are crushed into whole minced crusts, including shells, heads, and meat, and separated into minced shells, crustaceans, heads, and meats. , Pulverized and mixed necessary parts, and the like. In particular, in the present invention, it is preferable to use the head of a giant clam as described later.

  Mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria), giant shrimp (Anchisquilla fasciata), European shrimp (Squilla mantis), shrimps (Harpiosquilla harpax), shrimp clover (Bathysquilla crassispinosa) Eel octopus (Upogebia major), Okinawa octopus family Thalassina. Among these, a giant clam (Oratosquilla oratoria) and an octopus (Upogebia major) are preferable.

  The feed for suppon of the present invention is characterized in that it includes a head of a giant clam as a raw material for the giant clam. As used herein, the “head of a giant clam” includes a head crust and head contents. It may also contain mantis meat. The ratio of the head and meat in the raw material of the giant clam is appropriately determined within a range where the odor peculiar to the cultured fish can be sufficiently suppressed in consideration of the type of the turtle and the growth condition. It is preferable that the feed for suppon according to the present invention is a material derived from a shrimp containing a head of a shrimp as a main material. The heads of giant clams are known to contain various enzymes, and because they also contain hard shell parts, some fish are not suitable for aquaculture feed. The shell is included, making it an excellent feed.

  Moreover, the raw material derived from a giant clam may contain a shell of a giant clam. As will be described later in the examples, the shell of the giant clam has a higher amount of carbohydrate and energy per unit weight than the contents of the head and meat. Furthermore, the crustacean shell is usually a residue, which is also excellent in terms of effective use of waste. The ratio of the crust in the material derived from the giant clam is appropriately determined within a range in which the odor peculiar to the cultured turtle can be sufficiently suppressed in consideration of the type and growth condition of the turtle.

  Specific examples of the raw material derived from the giant clam include the so-called headed giant clam consisting of the head (head crust and contents) and the trunk (shell and flesh) with only the tail of the giant clam removed. It is done. Moreover, it is preferable that the head is mainly used, and the content of the head of the giant clam in the raw material for the giant clam used in the feed for suppon (the head of the giant clam / the raw material for the giant clam) is 60% by weight or more. It is preferable that the head of the giant clam is used so as to be a raw material derived from the giant clam. The content of the head of the giant clam is more preferably 80% by weight or more.

  The mixed feed serving as the raw material for the suppon feed of the present invention is a mixture of various raw materials in appropriate proportions so as to sufficiently provide the necessary nutrients for growing the suppon. Specifically, a well-known feed for cultured fish in which fish meal and other components are mixed can be used. Examples of other components of the mixed feed include starch, vitamins, minerals, calcium phosphate, salt, yeast, and herbal extracts. Moreover, you may add the corn oil, salad oil, etc. which are used in order to make the growth of a suppon efficient. Further, soy protein, which is being considered for addition as a substitute for fish meal, may be used.

  Examples of the raw material for fish meal used in the mixed feed include powders obtained by processing fish such as sardines, mackerel, herring, and horse mackerel, but other fish may be used as raw materials. The fish and shellfish used as the raw material for the fish meal may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and are appropriately selected in consideration of the type of turtle, growth state, cost and the like.

  In the suppon feed of the present invention, the blended feed is preferably composed mainly of fish meal. Here, “with the main component” in the blended feed means that at least 50% by weight or more of the blended feed is fish meal. If the proportion of fish meal in the blended feed is too small, the nutritional value of the feed may be insufficient, and the growth of suppon may be worsened.

  The suppon feed of the present invention may contain components other than the raw materials for the giant clam (especially the head of the giant clam) and the mixed feed. Suitable other ingredients include shellfish such as swordfish, clams and clams. Because it contains the above-mentioned clam-derived raw materials, the odor peculiar to farmed fish is suppressed even when a fish meal-based mixed feed is used, but by adding more shellfish, it is possible to obtain a cultured turtle with less odor .

  In addition, dried vegetables (particularly powdered ones are preferable), active live bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria, butyric acid bacteria, and saccharifying bacteria, digestive enzymes such as proteins and lipolytic enzymes, and the like may be added. Dried vegetables can provide the health promotion effect of turtles mainly by exerting nutritional supplementary effects. Moreover, various diseases can be suppressed by active growth bacteria, digestive enzymes, and the like due to the effects of preventing the growth of bad bacteria and infectious bacteria in the culture tank, which is the living environment of the turtle. By adding these, suppon culture with higher growth efficiency and yield can be achieved.

The suppon feed of the present invention can be produced by mixing a mixed feed (and other components as required) with the clam-derived material. Moreover, you may add water, oil, etc. as needed in order to make a bait.
The percentage of raw materials derived from giant clams in the feed for turtles is determined within a range that improves the smell, taste, texture, and greasyness of the cultured turtles, and prevents growth and disease. Is selected as appropriate in consideration of the growth state of the turtle, especially when the total dry weight of each of the raw materials of the giant clam and the mixed feed is 100% by weight, It is preferable to contain 45 weight% or less, More preferably, it is 10 to 30 weight%, More preferably, it is 12 to 25 weight%. If the shrimp-derived material is less than 5% by weight, there is a possibility that the effect of improving the poppon growth by the shrimp-derived material may not be recognized. If it exceeds 45% by weight, the viscosity of the feed becomes too low to be settled, so The feed may disperse and the water may become dirty.

Hereinafter, the production method of the culture suppon of the present invention will be described.
The production method of the cultured turtle according to the present invention is characterized in that the cultured suppon is fed with the above-described feed for suppon according to the present invention. As described above, by giving and cultivating the suppon feed of the present invention containing the raw material derived from the giant clam, the odor peculiar to the cultured fish is reduced, and the taste and texture are also improved.

  The target turtles for culturing are juvenile turtles just after hatching, adult turtles shipped as food, and parent turtles for spawning and fertilization of turtles. Especially, about 30g after a certain period after hatching. More than the magnitude | size of is suitable. The turtle turtles to be cultured may be either artificially hatched or natural ones, but usually those by artificial hatching using a parent turtle for spawning and hatching are used.

The feed for suppon of the present invention has good palatability for not only grown turtles but also turtle turtles. According to the production method of the cultured turtle of the present invention that feeds the feed to the cultured turtle, the probability of the turtle turtle becoming sick or dying during the growth is reduced, and the turtle can be grown to a mature turtle with good yield. In addition, feeding the suppon feed of the present invention increases the growth rate, and can be cultivated to a size such as a shipping size in a shorter period of time.
Then, by feeding the turtle turtle to the turtle feed of the present invention and culturing it, a cultured turtle with a taste and fat superior to those of the conventional cultivated turtle can be obtained.

  In the method for producing cultured turtles according to the present invention, it is preferable that the suppon feed of the present invention is given to the entire breeding period until the turtle turtles become adult turtles from the viewpoint of shortening the growth period and improving health. On the other hand, the suppon feed of the present invention is used in the period from the 60 days before shipment (preferably 90 days ago) to the shipment, which particularly affects the taste of the cultivated turtle turtle and the fat content of the turtle. You may give limitedly.

Moreover, although a detailed reason is not clear at this stage, the amino acid of a suppon meat can be increased by the method of feeding a suppon feed of the suppon of this invention.
Examples of the amino acid to be increased include at least isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine (threonine), valine, histidine, arginine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine.

  Among the amino acids in suppon meat, it is possible to produce meat suppon with excellent nutritional value by increasing isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and serine. . Among the large increases, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and arginine are associated with moderate bitterness, aspartic acid and glutamic acid are associated with sourness and umami, and serine is associated with sweetness and umami. There is a relationship, and each improves palatability. That is, by increasing these amino acids in a well-balanced manner, it is possible to obtain a highly tasteful suppon meat having moderate sweetness, umami, bitterness and sourness. Especially, the increase in serine which affects sweet taste and umami taste is remarkable, and the improvement effect of palatability considered to be based on this is remarkable.

  The cultured suppon produced by the production method of the present invention increases the amount of amino acids related to the umami component of the suppon meat and has a taste (preference) superior to that of conventional cultured suppon. Moreover, since the amount of amino acids present in the meat as isolated amino acids increases, it is possible to obtain a suppon having a higher nutritional value than the conventional cultured suppon. Furthermore, since the amino acids are increased, the suppon fed with the feed of the present invention is excellent as various nutritional drinks, powders, and health food ingredients.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

(1) Manufacture of feed for suppon “Feed for suppon of Example 1 (feed containing 20% by weight of raw material from giant clam)”
The suppon feed of Example 1 was produced as follows.
Frozen mantis was thawed and used as a mantis-derived material. The frozen crab, except for the tail of the clam, is mainly composed of the head (shell part and contents), and includes a part of the trunk (shell part and flesh) (hereinafter referred to as “headed clam”). May be described.) As a mixed feed, a mixed feed comprising fish meal (74% by weight), pregelatinized starch (23% by weight), and the balance (3% by weight) consisting of calcium phosphate, salt, feed yeast and licorice extract was used.

(Standard composition of feed containing 20% raw material for mantis)
First, 90 g of water was added to 80 g of the above-mentioned frozen headed giant clam (dry weight of about 20 g) and mixed with a mixer to obtain a giant clam mince. The total amount of the obtained minced minced meat, 70 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed and 30 g of water are sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and further 0.1 g of dried vegetables, water-soluble tourase (registered trademark) containing lactic acid bacteria, etc. , Manufactured by Toa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and 0.20 g of vegetable oil and 0.05 g of vegetable oil were added and kneaded to obtain the suppon feed of Example 1. In addition, the suppon feed of Example 1 may be hereinafter referred to as “20% added feed” on the basis of the dry weight of the material derived from the giant clam. In addition, a necessary amount of suppon feed was appropriately prepared at the same weight ratio based on this standard composition.

(2) Evaluation (2-1) Composition of raw materials derived from giant clam, mixed feed, and feed for suppon of the examples Table 1 shows the head content from headed mantis (frozen mantis head and torso) and headed mantis. Ingredient composition of the crustacean crustacean with the meat and meat removed. In addition, the numerical value in a table | surface is the weight (g) and energy (kcal) with respect to 100g of samples, respectively.

  Tables 2 and 3 show the composition of the mixed feed and the feed for the suppon of Example 1. Table 2 shows values including moisture, and Table 3 shows values on a dry weight basis.

(2-2) Shape retention of suppon feed The suppon feed of Example 1 had an appropriate viscosity at the time of kneading and exhibited sufficient formability as a suppon feed. Next, a feed for suppon was prepared by changing the blending ratio of the raw material for giant clam in the suppon feed, and it was put in water to observe the shape stability of the feed. As a result, the feed that exceeds 45 wt% of the raw material derived from the giant clam (the sum of the dry weights of the raw materials derived from the giant clam and the mixed feed) was put into water and started to split after a while. Therefore, 45% by weight (the sum of the dry weights of each of the material derived from the giant clam and the mixed feed) or less was determined to be the upper limit value for which the suppon feed had excellent shape retention. In addition, the feed which is easy to divide and is low in shape stability is likely to cause water pollution in the aquaculture tank and may be difficult for the suppon to feed, so it is required to have a certain shape stability.

"Aquaculture test 1"
Using the suppon feed of Example 1 (20% added feed), the culturing test of suppon was conducted, the amino acid components contained in the suppon meat were evaluated, and compared with the suppon cultivated with the conventional blended feed did.
In the aquaculture test, two pond culture ponds were used as test zones. In addition, the temperature of the water during the aquaculture test was adjusted to a temperature of about 30 ° C., which is considered to have the best growth efficiency, and the aquaculture was performed. As Sputon to be evaluated, aquaculture sappons from Saga and Itoda were cultivated. In addition, the environment suppon fed the bait is from 30 g to the shipping size (about 1 kg), and the bait fed to the environment fountain cultivated by the conventional bait is switched to the bait of Example 1. Aquaculture was performed. In addition, the culture pond for turtles is cultivated to be 40-50 / m ² from about 300g to about 300g, and 8-10 from about 300g to 800g (shipment size). It was used properly so that it would be cultured to be / m ² . The aquaculture pond is of a pond type, and water was appropriately replaced to maintain the water quality.

  When the suppon feed of Example 1 which is the present invention was given, all the turtles to adult turtles in each culture pond bite well and could be used immediately as food. Moreover, the suppon cultivated by giving the suppon feed of Example 1 has a faster growth rate than the suppon cultivated by the conventional fountain, and the suppon cultivated for about 8 months from the young turtle is supplied with 5 When fed for a month, about 40-50% became the shipping size in the 5 months. That is, the breeding period from the juvenile to the shipping size was about 13 months. Here, since the breeding period when suppon is cultivated with conventional feed is about 1.5 to 2 years (18 to 24 months), by feeding the formulated feed of the present invention for 5 months, approximately 4 The breeding period could be shortened by ~ 8 months.

  In addition, when the characteristics during the breeding period are further described, even if it is a period in which the feeding of about 5 kg per pond is regularly performed in the past, the feeding is good after switching to the feed for the suppon of Example 1. Even if the food was increased to about 8 kg, enough food was consumed. Furthermore, when it was confirmed that the fat of the turtle turtles after 5 months of culture was changed from the bait change, it was found to be excellent. In addition, during the cultivation period using the suppon feed of Example 1, it was possible to cultivate healthy without any noticeable disease.

  By the above method, amino acids contained in 100 g of adult turtle meat grown to about 800 g were analyzed 5 months after the start of feeding the suppon feed of Example 1. Moreover, the same amino acid analysis was performed also about the culture | cultivation suppon (product of Saga) cultivated using the conventional compound feed as a reference example. In addition, the evaluated amino acid is an amino acid which exists as an amino acid in flesh of suppon.

Table 4 and FIG. 1 collectively show the results of amino acid evaluation of suppon meat after 5 months of cultivation in the aquaculture test 1. In addition, a numerical value is the amount of amino acids (mg) contained in 100g of Suppon meat. As shown in Table 4, it can be seen that the suppon cultivated using the suppon feed of Example 1 (20% added feed) has a larger amount of amino acid than the conventional cultivated suppon.
Amino acid increase rate of suppon cultured using the suppon feed (supplemented with 20%) of Example 1 when the amount of amino acids of the suppon cultured in the control group (mixed feed only) is taken as 100% (Suppon according to Example 1) (Amino acid content / Aquaculture suppon amino acid content) are listed as having a particularly large increasing effect. Isoleucine 122%, leucine 118%, lysine 118%, methionine 117%, phenylalanine 121%, histidine 122%, aspartic acid 115 %, Glutamic acid 115%, arginine 135% and serine 159%.

When the sashimi cultivated in the aquaculture test 1 and the conventional cultivated suppon were cooked as sashimi and evaluated for taste and greasy, the suppon cultured using the suppon feed of Example 1 (20% added feed) The taste and fat were superior to those of the cultured turtle.
From this result, by culturing with the feed for suppon of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a suppon excellent in taste, greasy, etc. in a shorter period of time than before.

  By feeding the suppon feed of the present invention, the cultivated suppon has a good bite and can be grown well. Moreover, by feeding the suppon feed, the amount of amino acids in the suppon meat can be increased, and suppon excellent in nutritional value and taste can be obtained.

Claims (7)

  A feed for suppon characterized by adding the head of a giant clam, which is a raw material of the giant clam, to the mixed feed.   The feed for Japanese turtles according to claim 1, wherein the raw material for the giant clam is contained in an amount of 5% by weight to 45% by weight when the total dry weight of the raw material for the giant clam and the mixed feed is 100% by weight. .   The suppon feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixed feed is a mixed feed containing fish meal as a main component.   The suppon feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the suppon feed further contains lactic acid bacteria.   A method for producing cultured suppon, comprising feeding the suppon feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   A method for increasing amino acids in suppon meat, comprising feeding the suppon feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to the suppon to increase amino acids contained in the suppon meat.   The method for increasing amino acids of suppon meat according to claim 6, wherein the increasing amino acid is one or more amino acids selected from isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and serine.