CN111543386A - Artificial pairing propagation method for platysternon megacephalum - Google Patents
Artificial pairing propagation method for platysternon megacephalum Download PDFInfo
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- CN111543386A CN111543386A CN202010617183.7A CN202010617183A CN111543386A CN 111543386 A CN111543386 A CN 111543386A CN 202010617183 A CN202010617183 A CN 202010617183A CN 111543386 A CN111543386 A CN 111543386A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial pairing propagation method for platysternon megacephalum, which domesticates young turtles in a shallow water pool, and then separately domesticates the breeding turtles, and the structure of the breeding pool can not cause mutual biting among the platysternon megacephalum, and can not damage the wild-simulated environment, thereby keeping the original habits of the platysternon megacephalum. By feeding different foods, the estrus rate of the female turtles and the robust activity of the male turtles are improved, and the mating success rate of the female turtles and the male turtles is improved. Meanwhile, low vegetation which is fond of a humid environment is planted on the artificial island, so that the platysternon megacephalum can be hidden conveniently and can provide certain illumination. Two estrus male turtles and female turtles are placed together for mating through manual operation, and can be separated after mating is completed, so that the problem that the female turtles and the male turtles are damaged mutually after mating is avoided, and the death rate is reduced. Can be widely applied to the field of platysternon megacephalum breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial breeding and propagation of turtles, in particular to an artificial pairing and propagation method of platysternon megacephalum.
Background
Platysternon megacephalum is a rare economic freshwater turtle which is a special product in Asia, is distributed in China in southern China, east China and southwest provinces, and hong Kong areas, and is mainly inhabited in a littoral mountainstream environment with dense vegetation in the range of 200-1700 m in altitude. Compared with the common fresh water turtles, the platysternon megacephalum likes a cool water body environment, is fiercely and well-fought in sexual conditions, and has stronger field behaviors.
The platysternon megacephalum has delicious meat, important edible and medicinal values and higher market economic value, so that the platysternon megacephalum is excessively caught and traded for a long time, wild resources are sharply reduced, and the platysternon megacephalum becomes endangered species. Aiming at market demands, the artificial domestication and breeding of platysternon megacephalum are developed, so that the population quantity can be effectively enlarged, species extinction is avoided, wild resources are protected, and the sustainable utilization of the precious resources is realized. As a new excellent breed of freshwater turtle, platysternon megacephalum breeding is more and more concerned by the aquaculture industry. However, the requirements of platysternon megacephalum on water quality, water temperature, bait, breeding density, sex ratio, breeding environment conditions and the like under the artificial breeding condition are greatly different from those of other fresh water turtles and are difficult to control, so that the platysternon megacephalum is difficult to successfully mate and breed under the artificial breeding condition, and the healthy development of the breeding industry is severely restricted by the problem.
At present, the main problems of artificial pairing propagation of platysternon megacephalum are shown as follows: (1) the control of the sexual maturity age is inaccurate, and the problems of seed selection and mating are high; (2) the reproductive phase is ambiguous for optimal mating; (3) the collocation, the sex ratio and the density of the male and female reproductive individuals are unreasonable to cause mutual disability, illness and death; (4) the conditions of breeding environment (hidden place, spawning place and activity space) are unreasonable, the water quality and water temperature are not properly controlled, and bait feeding is unreasonable, so that the behavior and physiology of the breeding turtles are abnormal, diseases are caused, and normal mating and breeding cannot be carried out. For example, chinese patent application No. 2012102444046 discloses an artificial pairing breeding method for platysternon megacephalum, which theoretically achieves a good balance by adopting a mixed-culture mode of male and female proportions during breeding, but actual breeding shows that the platysternon megacephalum still has the phenomenon of mutual bite, thus seriously affecting the breeding and growth of the platysternon megacephalum. Meanwhile, the life habits and dietary nutrition requirements of male turtles and female turtles are different, the application adopts unified feeding environment and bait, the estrus of the male turtles and the female turtles is not facilitated, and the reproduction rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial pairing propagation method for platysternon megacephalum, which solves the problems of low propagation rate and high mortality rate of mutual biting of platysternon megacephalum in the existing propagation method for platysternon megacephalum.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an artificial pairing propagation method for platysternon megacephalum comprises the following steps:
1) seed selection of seedlings: grabbing young turtles from the field to breed, carrying out mixed breeding before sexual maturity, building a shallow water pool with the area not smaller than 20 levels, piling up artificial islands which are independent from each other in the pool by sand and soil, wherein the area of each artificial island is 0.8-1 square meter, a ditch with the width of 10-15cm is arranged between the artificial islands, the depth of water is 10-15cm, live water is introduced above the shallow water pool, a water outlet is arranged below the shallow water pool, and brook, crabs and snails are bred in the pool to be preyed on by the young turtles;
2) domestication before pairing: when young turtles are mature, the female platysternon megacephalum turtles and the male platysternon megacephalum turtles are separately raised and are respectively placed into independent seed ponds for raising, artificial islands which are mutually independent are built in the seed ponds by sand, and vegetation is planted on the artificial islands for shading sun and laying eggs of the platysternon megacephalum turtles; the area of the artificial island is 0.5-0.8 square meter, each artificial island is provided with a female turtle or a male turtle, ditches are arranged among the artificial islands, the ditches among the artificial islands are separated by fences, gaps are reserved among the fences for fish school to move, and the gaps cannot be larger than the escape width of the platysternon megacephalum; during the period, keeping the water temperature at 19-23 deg.C and the air temperature at 15-25 deg.C, and feeding crab and shrimp to male and loach and river fish to female;
3) seed preparation: when the water near the artificial island in the female platysternon megacephalum seed pool becomes turbid or the female platysternon megacephalum moves frequently, instantly grabbing the female platysternon megacephalum on the island to observe whether to estrus, if so, putting the estrus female and male together for mating, and after mating is completed, separating the female and male and continuing to put the female and male into the seed pool for breeding;
4) hatching: the eggs of female platysternon megacephalum after delivery are put into an artificial incubator for artificial incubation, and the incubation temperature is kept between 25 and 28 ℃.
Preferably, the ratio of the male turtles to the female turtles in the step 2) is 1: 3-4.
In order to improve the hatching rate, when the turtle eggs are taken out from the artificial island in the step 4), whether white fertilized spots exist on the turtle eggs or not is observed, if yes, the turtle eggs are proved to be fertilized eggs, and if not, the turtle eggs are not fertilized and are removed.
Furthermore, when the fertilized tortoise eggs are placed in an artificial incubator, the fertilized spots are placed upwards.
In order to facilitate the activity of the platysternon megacephalum, concrete is poured at the bottom and the periphery of the shallow water pool in the step 1) and the seed pool in the step 2), a soil layer with the thickness of more than 20cm is paved at the bottom, and then the artificial island is piled up on the soil layer by using sandy soil; the artificial islands in the steps 1) and 2) are all higher than the water surface by more than 30cm, and gentle slopes are arranged on the periphery of the artificial islands.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, young turtles are domesticated in a wild-like manner, so that the platysternon megacephalum adapts to the environment of an artificial water pool, and the original vitality of the platysternon megacephalum is maintained by throwing live fishes, shrimps, crabs and the like into the water pool, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of the platysternon megacephalum. After sexual maturity, the isolation and free-ranging mode is adopted, and the pond structure can not cause mutual biting of the platysternon megacephalum and can not damage the wild-simulated environment, so that the original habits of the platysternon megacephalum are kept. And by feeding different foods, the estrus rate of the male turtles is improved, the vitality of the female turtles is kept, and the mating success rate of the female turtles and the male turtles is improved. Meanwhile, soft and low vegetation which is fond of a humid environment is planted on the artificial island, so that the platysternon megacephalum can be hidden and kept under certain illumination conveniently, and meanwhile, spawning is facilitated. Two estrus male turtles and female turtles are placed together for mating through manual operation, and can be separated after mating is completed, so that the problem that the female turtles and the male turtles are damaged mutually after mating is avoided, and the death rate is reduced. The proportion of the female turtles to the male turtles can reduce the number of the male turtles and improve the number of the female turtles, so that the breeding speed is improved. The hatching method can effectively improve the hatching rate.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the shallow water pool of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a seed cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides an artificial pairing propagation method of platysternon megacephalum, which comprises the following steps:
1) seed selection of seedlings: grabbing young turtles from the field for breeding, carrying out mixed culture before sexual maturity, building a shallow water pool with the area not less than 20 flat, and pouring concrete at the bottom and around the water pool as shown in figure 1 to prevent the young turtles from escaping. Lay the soil layer of the thickness more than 20cm of one deck at the bottom in shallow water pond, then pile up one by one mutually independent artificial island 1 with sand and soil in shallow water pond, the area of artificial island is 0.8 ~ 1 square meter, sets up wide 10 ~ 15 cm's ditch 2 between the artificial island, and the depth of water is 10 ~ 15cm, and the artificial island is higher than the surface of water more than 30cm, the artificial island adopts the sand and soil to pile up, makes things convenient for the platysternon megacephalum tortoise to cave, and the artificial island is provided with the gentle slope all around, and the gentle slope extends to under water always, supplies the tortoise child to creep, simultaneously, makes things convenient for the tortoise child to cave the nest. And running water is introduced above the shallow pool, a water outlet is arranged below the shallow pool, and the stream fish, the crab and the snails are raised in the pool for the young turtles to prey. In order to facilitate the concealment of the platysternon megacephalum, meanwhile, certain light is ensured to irradiate the artificial island, and a plurality of low vegetation which are lovely to a humid environment are planted on the artificial island, and the height of the vegetation is not higher than 20 cm.
2) Domestication before pairing: when young turtles are mature, healthy, big, strong and thick female platysternon megacephalum and male platysternon megacephalum are selected as breeding turtles, wherein the ratio of male turtles to female turtles is 1: 3-4.
The female platysternon megacephalum and the male platysternon megacephalum are separately raised and are respectively placed into independent seed ponds for raising, as shown in figure 2, the periphery and the bottom of the seed ponds are also poured by concrete to prevent the platysternon megacephalum from escaping, a soil layer with the thickness of more than 20cm is laid at the bottom of the ponds, then the artificial islands 1 which are mutually independent are built by sand, the area of each artificial island is 0.5-0.8 square meter, and the periphery of each artificial island is of a gentle slope structure. A female turtle or a male turtle is placed in each artificial island, ditches 2 are arranged among the artificial islands, the ditches 2 among the artificial islands are separated by fences 3, gaps are reserved among the fences for fish to move, and the gaps cannot be larger than the escape width of the platysternon turtles; the upper end of the seed pool is introduced with running water, preferably stream water, and a water outlet is arranged below the seed pool, so that the water in the seed pool is kept to flow continuously. During the period, keeping the water temperature at 19-23 ℃ and the air temperature at 15-25 ℃, and mainly feeding crabs and shrimps to males and mainly feeding loaches and brooks to females to promote female oestrus and ensure that males are strong; the female platysternon megacephalum should keep food sufficient, guarantee the nutrition of female tortoise, and male tortoise can not put in too much food, avoids male tortoise excessive obesity, influences action and sexual function. In addition, plant the vegetation that the plant is not higher than 20 cm's the pleasant humid environment on artificial island 1, simultaneously, the soft vegetation of stem leaf is best selected to the vegetation, conveniently conceals the entrance to a cave, simultaneously, can guarantee again that certain sunshine shines on artificial island 1, does benefit to female flat-striped turtle and lays eggs on the island. The artificial island is piled up by adopting sandy soil, so that the platysternon megacephalum is convenient to dig a hole, and meanwhile, the female platysternon megacephalum is convenient to lay eggs on the island.
3) Seed preparation: when the water near the artificial island in the female platysternon megacephalum seed pool is cloudy or the female platysternon megacephalum moves frequently, instantly grabbing the female platysternon megacephalum on the island for observation, if the reproductive hole is red, proving that the female platysternon megacephalum has oestrus, if the female platysternon megacephalum has oestrus, grabbing a male platysternon megacephalum to be placed on the artificial island of the female platysternon megacephalum for mating, and after mating is finished, separating the female and the male and continuing to be placed into the seed pool for breeding separately; if the female platysternon megacephalum in estrus does not mate with the male platysternon megacephalum, the other male platysternon megacephalum is replaced until mating is completed, then the male platysternon megacephalum matched with the female platysternon megacephalum is recorded, next estrus of the female platysternon megacephalum is facilitated, and the male platysternon megacephalum is mated with the male platysternon megacephalum continuously, so that casualties caused by frame-breaking are reduced. Female platysternon megacephalum is that mating once lays eggs many times, consequently, in same year, need carry out mating many times, selects same male platysternon megacephalum, can effectively avoid the emergence of putting up. During the spawning period of female platysternon megacephalum, the artificial island needs to be weeded regularly, weeds with high hardness are removed, and fine and soft weeds are reserved, so that a good spawning environment is created for the platysternon megacephalum.
4) Hatching: after the female platysternon megacephalum spawns, the eggs of the female platysternon megacephalum are not turned within twelve hours, so that the stability of the internal environment of the eggs is ensured, and after the egg environment is stable and twelve hours later, the eggs are taken out of the artificial island and put into an artificial incubator for artificial incubation, and the incubation temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃. When eggs are taken from the artificial island, each turtle egg is observed whether white fertilized spots exist or not, if yes, the turtle egg is proved to be fertilized, and if not, the turtle egg is not fertilized and is removed. When the tortoise eggs are placed in the incubator, the fertilized spots are required to be placed upwards, so that the hatching rate of the tortoise eggs can be improved. Practice proves that the fertilized spots are placed upwards, and the hatching rate is as high as 95%.
The artificial island in shallow water pond and kind pond all has part on water and part under water, and its purpose is better let female tortoise and male tortoise make a hole, and research discovery, the flat chest tortoise custom sets up the entrance to a cave on the surface of water and conceals the department, then makes a hole down earlier, hits below the surface of water, and upward hits again, builds the nest to above the surface of water, consequently, the artificial island has part on water and part under water.
The invention is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific implementations of the invention are not limited in this respect. Various insubstantial improvements are made by adopting the method conception and the technical scheme of the invention; the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be modified in various ways.
Claims (5)
1. An artificial pairing propagation method for platysternon megacephalum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed selection of seedlings: grabbing young turtles from the field to breed, carrying out mixed breeding before sexual maturity, building a shallow water pool with the area not smaller than 20 levels, piling up artificial islands which are independent from each other in the pool by sand and soil, wherein the area of each artificial island is 0.8-1 square meter, a ditch with the width of 10-15cm is arranged between the artificial islands, the depth of water is 10-15cm, live water is introduced above the shallow water pool, a water outlet is arranged below the shallow water pool, and brook, crabs and snails are bred in the pool to be preyed on by the young turtles;
2) domestication before pairing: when young turtles are mature, the female platysternon megacephalum turtles and the male platysternon megacephalum turtles are separately raised and are respectively placed into independent seed ponds for raising, artificial islands which are mutually independent are built in the seed ponds by sand, and vegetation is planted on the artificial islands for shading sun and laying eggs of the platysternon megacephalum turtles; the area of the artificial island is 0.5-0.8 square meter, each artificial island is provided with a female turtle or a male turtle, ditches are arranged among the artificial islands, the ditches among the artificial islands are separated by fences, gaps are reserved among the fences for fish school to move, and the gaps cannot be larger than the escape width of the platysternon megacephalum; during the period, keeping the water temperature at 19-23 deg.C and the air temperature at 15-25 deg.C, and feeding crab and shrimp to male and loach and river fish to female;
3) seed preparation: when the water near the artificial island in the female platysternon megacephalum seed pool becomes turbid or the female platysternon megacephalum moves frequently, instantly grabbing the female platysternon megacephalum on the island to observe whether to estrus, if so, putting the estrus female and male together for mating, and after mating is completed, separating the female and male and continuing to put the female and male into the seed pool for breeding;
4) hatching: the eggs of female platysternon megacephalum after delivery are put into an artificial incubator for artificial incubation, and the incubation temperature is kept between 25 and 28 ℃.
2. The artificial paired reproduction method of platysternon megacephalum as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of the male platysternon megacephalum to the female platysternon megacephalum in the step 2) is 1: 3-4.
3. The artificial paired reproduction method of platysternon megacephalum as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and 4) when the turtle egg is taken out from the artificial island in the step 4), firstly, observing whether white fertilized spots exist on the turtle egg, if so, determining that the turtle egg is the fertilized egg, otherwise, determining that the turtle egg is not fertilized, and removing the fertilized egg.
4. The artificial paired reproduction method of platysternon megacephalum as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: and placing the fertilized tortoise eggs in an artificial incubator with the fertilized spots facing upwards.
5. The artificial paired reproduction method of platysternon megacephalum as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: concrete is poured at the bottom and the periphery of the shallow water pool in the step 1) and the seed pool in the step 2), a soil layer with the depth of more than 20cm is paved at the bottom, and then the artificial island is piled up on the soil layer by using sandy soil; the artificial islands in the steps 1) and 2) are all higher than the water surface by more than 30cm, and gentle slopes are arranged on the periphery of the artificial islands.
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| CN106797916A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-06 | 黄山市休宁县珍稀水生动物研究所 | A kind of Platysternon megacephalum Gray cultural method |
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2020
- 2020-06-30 CN CN202010617183.7A patent/CN111543386A/en active Pending
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| KR920010537B1 (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1992-12-05 | 천일제약 주식회사 | Method for feeding snapping turtle |
| CN102754622A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-10-31 | 广东省昆虫研究所 | Artificial pairing and breeding method of platysternon megacephalum |
| JP2015142541A (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | 株式会社西日本冷食 | Feed for soft-shelled turtles, and method for producing cultured soft-shelled turtle, and method for increasing amino acid in soft-shelled turtle flesh |
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| CN106797916A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-06 | 黄山市休宁县珍稀水生动物研究所 | A kind of Platysternon megacephalum Gray cultural method |
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