JP6214624B2 - 生物学的成分由来の分解性材料 - Google Patents
生物学的成分由来の分解性材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6214624B2 JP6214624B2 JP2015504830A JP2015504830A JP6214624B2 JP 6214624 B2 JP6214624 B2 JP 6214624B2 JP 2015504830 A JP2015504830 A JP 2015504830A JP 2015504830 A JP2015504830 A JP 2015504830A JP 6214624 B2 JP6214624 B2 JP 6214624B2
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Description
本発明は、生物学的成分由来の分解性材料並びに前記分解性材料からの成形部材の製造方法に関する。
US 7,387,756 (Guilbert et al.)は、天然繊維ベース材料の製造方法を記載する。天然繊維は、粉末の形の天然のタンパク質結合剤と混合され、ここで、天然繊維は1〜15%の湿分含有量を有する。湿分含有量は6〜24%に調節され、そして引き続きこの混合物を加熱プレス工程により成形する。
本発明の課題は、製造される成形部材が可能な限り迅速に良好な機械的安定性を有するように、先行技術から知られている材料に比較してより迅速に硬化し、かつ、完全に溶解でき、かつ分解可能である、導入部で挙げた技術分野に属する材料を作り出すことである。
実施例の説明に使用される図面は以下のことを示す。
図1は、本発明の材料10のための製造方法を図示する。まず、タンパク質接着剤1を水2と65℃〜70℃に加熱しながら遊星型撹拌機において混合して結合剤成分3にする。更なる撹拌下で、まず天然繊維4を結合剤成分3に添加する。引き続き、添加剤成分及び吸湿性無機材7の混合を粉末の形で行う。添加剤成分5において使用した物質を個々に順次に前記材料に添加するか、又はまず全てを相互に混合し、引き続きそこから得られる混合物を前記材料に添加してもよい。そうして得ることができる分解性材料10は、引き続き加工工程11において、プレス処理、押出、ブロー成形、回転成形、キャスティング、射出成形又は真空成形によって加工して成形部材となってよい。
第1の実施例において、水30gをウサギ膠38gと低温混合し、引き続き水浴において65℃に加熱した。この結合剤成分に、0.3mm〜1mmの長さを有する針葉樹繊維17g並びにグリセリン7gを混合した。この混合物をエキステンダースクリューポンプ(Extenderschneckenpumpe)の後方の漏斗において充填し、石膏粉末8gを前方の漏斗を通じて、運搬される混合物に連続的に添加した。この材料を約6barの圧力で直径2mmを有するノズルを通じて押出し、スストランドにした。押出した材料を、引き続きさらに加工してよく、例えばプレス処理により加工してよい。代わりに、種々の断面を有する縦長の成形部材も好適なノズルを通じた押出によって製造でき、前記部材は硬化前又は硬化後に、ナイフで又はノコギリで、所望の長さに切断することもできる。
第2の実施例において、沸騰水28g中にウサギ膠36gを混ぜて撹拌し、結合剤成分を製造した。前記結合剤成分にグリセリン7gを添加した。0.7mm〜3.5mmの長さを有する針葉樹繊維15g、着色剤としての酸化鉄粉末0.6g並びに石膏粉末7.4gを結合剤成分に添加し、得られた材料を遊星型撹拌機で良好に混和した。前記材料の使用直前に、煮アマニ油5gを添加した。前記材料を引き続き型に流し込み、2kg/cm2の圧力でもって20分間低温でプレス処理して成形部材にした。
第3の実施例において、水26gをウサギ膠33gと混合し、30分間放置し、引き続き水浴において70℃に加熱し、結合剤成分を製造した。引き続き堅果殻グラニュール33gを混和し、遊星型撹拌機において強力に混合した。得られた材料を乾燥させ、引き続き破砕機において平均粒径約0.05mmを有する粉末へと破砕した。石膏粉末8gの混入によって、貯蔵安定性の中間生成物が得られた。引き続き中間生成物を、マルチジェットモデリング法に応じて作業する3Dプリンター(3DSystems社のZPrinter (c) 150)において素地として充填し、ここで水26gを結合剤として使用した。
高められた耐水性を有する分解性材料が、以下の第4の例で得られた:
結合剤成分のため、水21gをグルチン膠(Glutinleim)21gと低温混合し、引き続き水浴において65℃〜70℃に加熱した。その後、ミョウバン2gを結合剤に添加した。充填剤(Zuschlagstoff)として、長さ分布0.7〜1.2mmを有する天然木材繊維10gを添加した。実施例1−3において製造した材料に比較して、前記材料は高められた耐水性を示した。
第5の実施例において、水21gをグルチン膠21gと低温混合し、引き続き水浴において65℃〜70℃に加熱した。その後に、エタノール中に溶解してペースト状にした3gのダマールを添加して、前記溶液を混合した。充填剤として、長さ分布0.7〜1.2mmを有する天然木材繊維10gを添加した。実施例1−3において製造した材料に比較して、前記材料は高められた耐水性を示した。
第6の実施例において、水21gをグルチン膠21gと低温混合し、引き続き水浴において65℃〜70℃に加熱した。充填剤として、長さ分布0.7〜1.2mmを有する天然木材繊維10gを添加した。引き続き、溶液に二酸化ケイ素8gを添加した。実施例1−5において製造した材料に比較して、前記材料はより迅速な硬化時間を示した。
第7の実施例において、水21gをグルチン膠21gと低温混合し、引き続き水浴において65℃〜70℃に加熱した。充填剤として、長さ分布0.7〜1.2mmを有する天然木材繊維10gを添加した。続いて、無機充填剤としてパーライト5gを前記混合物に添加した。実施例1−6において製造した材料に比較して、前記材料はより良好な収縮挙動を示した。
Claims (22)
- 少なくとも1のタンパク質からのタンパク質接着剤(1)10〜60質量%、天然繊維(4)2〜50質量%、少なくとも1の吸湿性無機材(7)2〜15質量%、水(2)10〜55質量%及び添加剤成分(5)0〜50質量%を含む、生物学的成分由来の分解性材料。
- 前記タンパク質接着剤(1)が、グルチン、コラーゲン、アルギナート、アルブミン、ゼラチン、コンドリン、寒天、キサンタン又はその混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の分解性材料。
- 前記天然繊維(4)が、木材繊維、穀類繊維、堅果殻繊維、グラスファイバー、コーンミール、セルロース繊維、セルロース凝集体又はその混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の分解性材料。
- 前記吸湿性無機材(7)として、硫酸カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、ゼオライト又はその混合物を使用することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料。
- 前記添加剤成分(5)が、1〜10質量%の少なくとも1の生分解性可塑剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料。
- 前記添加剤成分(5)が、0.1〜10質量%の少なくとも1の生分解性安定剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料。
- 前記添加剤成分(5)が、0.1〜10質量%の少なくとも1の耐水性向上剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料。
- 前記添加剤成分(5)が、0.1〜10質量%の少なくとも1の疎水性成分を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料。
- 前記添加剤成分(5)が、少なくとも1の生体ポリマーを含むことを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料。
- 前記添加剤成分(5)が、無機充填材を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料。
- 次の工程
a)請求項1から10のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料を液状で準備する工程、
b)前記分解性材料をプレス処理、押出、ブロー成形、回転成形、キャスティング、射出成形、真空成形又は3Dプリントして少なくとも1の成形部材を製造する工程、
c)前記成形部材を硬化する工程、
を含む、少なくとも1の成形部材の製造方法。 - 前記材料を前記成形部材の硬化の間又は硬化の後に、200nm〜280nmの波長を有するUV光でさらに照射することを特徴とする請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記材料を硬化の後に、硬化された材料が1質量%未満の水含有量を有するまで、さらに乾燥させることを特徴とする請求項11又は12記載の方法。
- 次の工程
a)請求項1から10のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料(10)からの三次元形態の陰型を鋳型又は型枠の内壁に設ける工程、
b)前記鋳型又は型枠へとキャスティング材料を注ぎ込み、前記キャスティング材料を硬化させる工程、
c)鋳型又は型枠を除去する工程、及び
d)前記分解性材料(10)からの陰型を熱水又は水蒸気に暴露することで溶解させる工程、
を含む、キャスティング材料に三次元形態を導入する方法。 - 請求項1から10のいずれか1項記載の分解性材料を製造する方法において、
次の工程
a)タンパク質接着剤(1)と水(2)を混合することにより結合剤成分(3)を製造する工程、
b)天然繊維(4)並びに添加剤成分(5)を結合剤成分(3)と撹拌機において混合する工程、及び
c)吸湿性無機材(7)を混和する工程
を含む前記方法。 - 前記吸湿性無機材(7)の混和前に、得られた混合物を乾燥させ、加工して粉末にし、前記吸湿性無機材(7)の添加によって中間生成物(8)を獲得し、前記中間生成物にその使用直前に、結合剤成分の製造に使用する水(2)の量の25〜200質量%に相応する量で水(9)を混入することを特徴とする請求項15記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1の生分解性可塑剤がグリセリン、尿素、クエン酸トリエチルエステル、ソルビトール、キサンタン又はクエン酸アルキルであることを特徴とする、請求項5記載の分解性材料。
- 少なくとも1の生分解性安定剤がリグニンスルホナート、アマニ油又は煮アマニ油であることを特徴とする、請求項6記載の分解性材料。
- 少なくとも1の耐水性向上剤がタンニン、コリラギン、カリウムミョウバン、ガニジン、尿素、カゼイン、フェルラ酸、ゴシポール、又はリシルオキシダーゼ、トランスグルタミナーゼおよびラッカーゼから成る群から選択される少なくとも1の酵素、あるいはその混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項7記載の分解性材料。
- 少なくとも1の疎水性成分がアラビアゴム、マスチック、コロホニウム、サンダラック又はその混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項8記載の分解性材料。
- 少なくとも1の生体ポリマーがリグニン、キチン、ポリカプロラクトン、熱可塑性澱粉、セルロースアセタート、ポリ乳酸、カゼイン、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリヒドロキシアルカノアート、セルロース水和物、セルロースアセタート、セルロースアセトブチラート、デキストロース、デキストリン又はその混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項9記載の分解性材料。
- 無機充填材がウォラストナイト、タルク、酸化マグネシウム又はその混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項10記載の分解性材料。
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CN104364317A (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
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