JP6177042B2 - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6177042B2 JP6177042B2 JP2013161175A JP2013161175A JP6177042B2 JP 6177042 B2 JP6177042 B2 JP 6177042B2 JP 2013161175 A JP2013161175 A JP 2013161175A JP 2013161175 A JP2013161175 A JP 2013161175A JP 6177042 B2 JP6177042 B2 JP 6177042B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
- battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 98
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 75
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 51
- -1 phosphonoacetate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- XUYJLQHKOGNDPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CP(O)(O)=O XUYJLQHKOGNDPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- YDYMCQUIFFVXAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyloctanedinitrile Chemical compound CCCCC(C#N)CCCCCC#N YDYMCQUIFFVXAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZKPQHFEMFIDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl hydrogen sulfite Chemical compound OCCOS(O)=O FZKPQHFEMFIDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)C#N SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QWAHAGZZJXFJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylhexanedinitrile Chemical compound CCCC(C#N)CCCC#N QWAHAGZZJXFJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBPCMPRRBUTHFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(phosphonomethyl)-2,2-dipropylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(CP(O)(O)=O)C(CCC)(CCC)C(O)=O LBPCMPRRBUTHFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHGAJTPXHRIYHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phosphono-2,2-dipropylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(P(O)(O)=O)C(CCC)(CCC)C(O)=O AHGAJTPXHRIYHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003707 Li1.0Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011458 Li4/3 Ti5/3O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PTCWAQMKPHDOEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-butoxycarbonyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)butyl]phosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(CC(F)(F)F)(CC(F)(F)F)CP(O)(O)=O PTCWAQMKPHDOEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFGVMTOTGNMVLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methoxycarbonyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)butyl]phosphonic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C(CC(F)(F)F)(CC(F)(F)F)CP(O)(O)=O YFGVMTOTGNMVLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUMADGOJHLMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,4,4-trifluoro-2-propoxycarbonyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)butyl]phosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(CC(F)(F)F)(CC(F)(F)F)CP(O)(O)=O JWUMADGOJHLMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
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- AGOUZZWVECNHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-diethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OCC)OCC AGOUZZWVECNHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQZFZUFKYSLOOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-dimethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OC)OC PQZFZUFKYSLOOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVQIWTPSFCJOBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-dipropoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OCCC)OCCC UVQIWTPSFCJOBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVMOQPPSZHDSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dimethoxyphosphorylformate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)P(=O)(OC)OC AVMOQPPSZHDSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHKBPBFASXOXEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dipropoxyphosphorylformate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)P(=O)(OCCC)OCCC GHKBPBFASXOXEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- DFJYZCUIKPGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCCCC#N DFJYZCUIKPGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JDJQHVJXMXXKFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CN1C(C(=O)OCC)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 JDJQHVJXMXXKFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMJWCUOIOKBVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-diethoxyphosphorylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCP(=O)(OCC)OCC JMJWCUOIOKBVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYESTJSRASJZOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-diethoxyphosphorylbutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCCP(=O)(OCC)OCC FYESTJSRASJZOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005546 furfural resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCC#N LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021439 lithium cobalt complex oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PVSJXEDBEXYLML-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phosphoryl]acetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F PVSJXEDBEXYLML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTSAXXHOGZNKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-diethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)CC(=O)OC CTSAXXHOGZNKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIGOIUCRXKUEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-dimethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CP(=O)(OC)OC SIGOIUCRXKUEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VITRIUYHBVKBDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl dimethoxyphosphorylformate Chemical compound COC(=O)P(=O)(OC)OC VITRIUYHBVKBDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXOYPGTWWXJFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCCC#N QXOYPGTWWXJFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- FUAUIPGFAQXYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-dimethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)CC(=O)OCC=C FUAUIPGFAQXYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPDQHWKRXXITDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-dibutoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)CC(=O)OCCC DPDQHWKRXXITDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQHSPYGRKOQBSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-diethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OCC)OCC JQHSPYGRKOQBSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZJLRJWWCHFSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-dimethoxyphosphorylacetate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OC)OC SZJLRJWWCHFSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDCKGYUSGAUGLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl dibutoxyphosphorylformate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)C(=O)OCCC FDCKGYUSGAUGLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VISPQEASUVILFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl diethoxyphosphorylformate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)P(=O)(OCC)OCC VISPQEASUVILFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONSQLJKXRIKMIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl dimethoxyphosphorylformate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)P(=O)(OC)OC ONSQLJKXRIKMIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISIQQQYKUPBYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCCCCC#N ISIQQQYKUPBYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
トリメチル ホスホノフォルメート、メチル ジエチルホスホノフォルメート、メチル ジプロピルホスホノフォルメート、メチル ジブチルホスホノフォルメート、トリエチル ホスホノフォルメート、エチルジメチルホスホノフォルメート、エチル ジプロピルホスホノフォルメート、エチル ジブチルホスホノフォルメート、トリプロピル ホスホノフォルメート、プロピル ジメチルホスホノフォルメート、プロピル ジエチルホスホノフォルメート、プロピル ジブチルホスホノフォルメート、トリブチル ホスホノフォルメート、ブチル ジメチルホスホノフォルメート、ブチル ジエチルホスホノフォルメート、ブチル ジプロピルホスホノフォルメート、メチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノフォルメート、エチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノフォルメート、プロピル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノフォルメート、ブチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノフォルメートなど。
トリメチル ホスホノアセテート、メチル ジエチルホスホノアセテート、メチル ジプロピルホスホノアセテート、メチル ジブチルホスホノアセテート、トリエチル ホスホノアセテート、エチル ジメチルホスホノアセテート、エチル ジプロピルホスホノアセテート、エチルジブチルホスホノアセテート、トリプロピル ホスホノアセテート、プロピル ジメチルホスホノアセテート、プロピル ジエチルホスホノアセテート、プロピル ジブチルホスホノアセテート、トリブチル ホスホノアセテート、ブチル ジメチルホスホノアセテート、ブチル ジエチルホスホノアセテート、ブチルジプロピルホスホノアセテート、メチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノアセテート、エチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノアセテート、プロピル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノアセテート、ブチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホスホノアセテート、アリル ジメチルホスホノアセテート、アリル ジエチルホスホノアセテート、2−プロピニル(ジメチルホスホノ)アセテート、2−プロピニル(ジエチルホスホノ)アセテートなど。
トリメチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、メチル ジエチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、メチル ジプロピル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、メチル ジブチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、トリエチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、エチル ジメチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、エチル ジプロピル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、エチル ジブチル3−ホスホノプロピオネート、トリプロピル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、プロピル ジメチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、プロピル ジエチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、プロピル ジブチル3−ホスホノプロピオネート、トリブチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、ブチル ジメチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、ブチル ジエチル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、ブチル ジプロピル−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、メチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、エチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、プロピル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)−3−ホスホノプロピオネート、ブチル ビス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)−3−ホスホノプロピオネートなど。
トリメチル−4−ホスホノブチレート、メチル ジエチル−4−ホスホノブチレート、メチル ジプロピル−4−ホスホノブチレート、メチル ジブチル4−ホスホノブチレート、トリエチル−4−ホスホノブチレート、エチル ジメチル−4−ホスホノブチレート、エチル ジプロピル−4−ホスホノブチレート、エチル ジブチル4−ホスホノブチレート、トリプロピル−4−ホスホノブチレート、プロピル ジメチル−4−ホスホノブチレート、プロピル ジエチル−4−ホスホノブチレート、プロピル ジブチル4−ホスホノブチレート、トリブチル−4−ホスホノブチレート、ブチル ジメチル−4−ホスホノブチレート、ブチル ジエチル−4−ホスホノブチレート、ブチル ジプロピル−4−ホスホノブチレートなど。
〔前記一般組成式(3)中、−0.3≦s≦0.3であり、M1は、少なくともNi、CoおよびMnを含む3種以上の元素群であり、M1を構成する各元素中で、Ni、CoおよびMnの割合(mol%)を、それぞれa、bおよびcとしたときに、30<a<65、5<b<35、15<c<50である。〕
〔前記一般組成式(4)中、0<z≦0.1であり、M2は、Mg、Al、Ti、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sn、W、B、PおよびBiよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素である。〕
<正極の作製>
LiCoO2とLi1.0Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2とを8:2の割合(質量比)で混合した正極活物質100質量部と、バインダであるPVDFを10質量%の濃度で含むNMP溶液20質量部と、導電助剤である人造黒鉛1質量部およびケッチェンブラック1質量部とを、二軸混練機を用いて混練し、更にNMPを加えて粘度を調節して、正極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。
負極活物質である平均粒子径D50%が8μmであるSiO表面を炭素材料で被覆した複合体(複合体における炭素材料の量が10質量%)と、平均粒子径D50%が16μmである黒鉛とを、SiO表面を炭素材料で被覆した複合体の量が3.75質量%となる量で混合した混合物:97.5質量部と、バインダであるSBR:1.5質量部と、増粘剤であるCMC:1質量部とに、水を加えて混合し、負極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とメチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)との体積比2:1:3の混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させ、アジポニトリルを0.1質量%となる量で、1,3−ジオキサンを1.0質量%となる量で、PDEAを1.0質量%となる量で、VCを2.0質量%となる量で、およびFECを1.0質量%となる量で、それぞれ添加して非水電解質を調製した。
前記帯状の正極を、厚みが16μmの微孔性ポリエチレンセパレータ(空孔率:41%)を介して前記帯状の負極に重ね、渦巻状に巻回した後、扁平状になるように加圧して扁平状巻回構造の巻回電極体とし、この電極巻回体をポリプロピレン製の絶縁テープで固定した。次に、外寸が厚さ4.0mm、幅34mm、高さ50mmのアルミニウム合金製の角形の電池ケースに前記巻回電極体を挿入し、リード体の溶接を行うとともに、アルミニウム合金製の蓋板を電池ケースの開口端部に溶接した。その後、蓋板に設けた注入口から前記非水電解質を注入し、1時間静置した後注入口を封止して、図1に示す構造で、図2に示す外観のリチウム二次電池を得た。
アジポニトリルをスクシノニトリルに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
アジポニトリルおよび1,3−ジオキサンを添加しなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
アジポニトリルを添加しなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
1,3−ジオキサンを添加しなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解質を調製し、この非水電解質を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
実施例および比較例の各リチウム二次電池について、1.0Cの電流値で4.35Vまで定電流充電を行い、続いて4.35Vの電圧で定電圧充電を行った。なお、定電流充電と定電圧充電の総充電時間は2.5時間とした。充電後の各電池について、0.2Cの電流値で3.0Vまで放電を行って初期容量を測定した。
実施例および比較例の各リチウム二次電池について、定電流充電時の終止電圧および定電圧充電時の電圧を4.2Vに変更した以外は高温貯蔵試験1と同様にして、初期容量、高温貯蔵後の残存容量、および残存容量測定後の放電容量を測定し、高温貯蔵後の充放電効率を求めた。
実施例および比較例の各リチウム二次電池について、60℃の環境下で、1.0Cの電流値で4.4Vまで定電流充電を行った後、4.4Vの電圧で定電圧充電を行い、定電圧充電を継続させながら、電流値の上昇が生じるまでの時間(リーク電流発生時間)および電池温度の上昇が生じるまでの時間(発熱開始時間)を測定した。
実施例および比較例の各リチウム二次電池について、定電流充電時の終止電圧および定電圧充電時の電圧を4.25Vに変更した以外は信頼性評価試験2と同様にして、定電圧充電を継続させたときの電流値の上昇および電池温度の上昇が生じるまでの時間を測定した。
実施例および比較例の各リチウム二次電池について、45℃の環境下で、1.0Cの電流値で4.35Vまで定電流充電を行った後、4.35Vの電圧で定電圧充電を行った。なお、定電流充電と定電圧充電の総充電時間は2.5時間とした。充電後の各電池について、1.0Cの電流値で3.0Vまで放電を行った。前記の定電流充電、定電圧充電および放電を行う一連の操作を1サイクルとして、これを500サイクル繰り返し、500サイクル目の放電容量を1サイクル目の放電容量で除した値を百分率で表すことで、容量維持率を求めた。
正極活物質をLiCoO2のみに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして作製した正極と、負極活物質を黒鉛のみに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして作製した負極とを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
実施例3で使用したものと同じ正極および負極を用いた以外は、比較例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
実施例3で使用したものと同じ正極および負極を用いた以外は、比較例2と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
実施例3で使用したものと同じ正極および負極を用いた以外は、比較例3と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
Claims (7)
- 集電体の片面または両面に正極活物質を含有する正極合剤層を有する正極、集電体の片面または両面に負極活物質を含有する負極合剤層を有する負極、非水電解質およびセパレータを備えたリチウム二次電池であって、
前記非水電解質は、分子内にニトリル基を有する化合物、1,3−ジオキサンおよび下記一般式(1)で表されるホスホノアセテート類化合物を含有していることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
- 分子内にニトリル基を有する化合物の含有量が0.1〜5質量%の非水電解質を使用した請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 1,3−ジオキサンの含有量が0.1〜5質量%の非水電解質を使用した請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記一般式(1)で表されるホスホノアセテート類化合物の含有量が0.5〜30質量%の非水電解質を使用した請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 正極の正極合剤層は、一般組成式Li1+sM1O2〔前記一般組成式中、−0.3≦s≦0.3であり、M1は、少なくともNi、CoおよびMnを含む3種以上の元素群であり、M1を構成する各元素中で、Ni、CoおよびMnの割合(mol%)を、それぞれa、bおよびcとしたときに、30<a<65、5<b<35、15<c<50である〕で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物を、正極活物質として含有している請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 負極の負極合剤層は、SiとOとを構成元素に含む材料(ただし、Siに対するOの原子比xは、0.5≦x≦1.5である)を、負極活物質として含有している請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 充電の上限電圧を4.3V以上に設定したものである請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池。
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