JP6161799B2 - 光活性層、これを含む有機太陽電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
光活性層、これを含む有機太陽電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6161799B2 JP6161799B2 JP2016512845A JP2016512845A JP6161799B2 JP 6161799 B2 JP6161799 B2 JP 6161799B2 JP 2016512845 A JP2016512845 A JP 2016512845A JP 2016512845 A JP2016512845 A JP 2016512845A JP 6161799 B2 JP6161799 B2 JP 6161799B2
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- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000005246 nonafluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
Arは、置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;または置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基であり、
Lは、直接結合;置換もしくは非置換の2価のアミド基;置換もしくは非置換のアルキレン基;置換もしくは非置換のアリーレン基;またはN、OおよびS原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換の2価のヘテロ環基であり、
Rは、少なくとも1つのフルオロ基で置換された炭素数1〜20のアルキル基である。
a、bおよびdは、それぞれ0〜7の整数であり、
cおよびeは、それぞれ0〜5の整数であり、
R1〜R5、R’およびR”は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;またはN、OおよびS原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基である。
表面エネルギーの添加量に応じた電子受容体(PCBM)の表面エネルギーの変化は下記表1の通りである。
表面エネルギーの添加量に応じた光活性層の表面粗さの変化は下記表2の通りである。前記粗さは原子間力顕微鏡(AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy))を用いて測定した。
電子供与体(P3HT)内の硫黄原子と電子受容体(PCBM)内の酸素原子との比率を二次イオン質量分析法(Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy:SIMS)で測定した。
[パターニングされたITO基板の洗浄]
パターニングされたITOガラス(面抵抗〜125Ω/sq2、SHINAN SNP、韓国)基板の表面を洗浄するために、洗浄剤(Alconox、Aldrich、米国)のアセトンおよびイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)を用いて順次にそれぞれ20分ずつ超音波洗浄を行った後、窒素で水気を完全に吹き飛ばした後、加熱板にて120℃で10分間乾燥して水分を完全に除去した。パターニングされたITO基板の洗浄が完了すると、UVO洗浄機(UVO cleaner、Ahtech LTS、韓国)で10分間表面を親水性に改質した。
ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン):ポリ(4−スチレンスルホネート)(PEDOT:PSS_Clevious P AI4083)にイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)を1:2で混合した後、約30nmの厚さにスピンコーティング後、180℃のホットプレート(hot plate)にて12分間熱処理した。
電子供与体はポリ(3−ヘキシルチオフェン)(Poly−3−hexylthiophene:P3HT)、電子受容体は[6,6]−フェニルC60−酪酸メチルエステル(PCBM)を用いた。P3HTとPCBM(60)を1:1の重量比で混合した光活性層材料に、2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−N−フェニル−ブチルアミド(2,2,3,3,4,4,4−heptafluoro−N−phenyl−butylamide)をPCBM対比0.25重量%添加して、1,2−ジクロロベンゼンとクロロベンゼンが9:1で混合された溶媒に溶解させて、PEDOT:PSS層の上部にスピンコーティングして、厚さ230nmの光活性層を形成した。
前記手順で製造後、熱蒸着器の内部でCaを3nm蒸着した後、アルミニウム電極を100nm蒸着して、面積が0.04cm2の有機太陽電池セルを製造した。
光活性層の製造において、2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−N−フェニル−ブチルアミド(2,2,3,3,4,4,4−heptafluoro−N−phenyl−butylamide)をPCBM対比0.5重量%混合したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に実施した。
光活性層の製造において、2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−N−フェニル−ブチルアミド(2,2,3,3,4,4,4−heptafluoro−N−phenyl−butylamide)をPCBM対比1重量%混合したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に実施した。
光活性層の製造において、2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−N−フェニル−ブチルアミド(2,2,3,3,4,4,4−heptafluoro−N−phenyl−butylamide)をPCBM対比3.0重量%混合したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に実施した。
光活性層の製造において、2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−N−フェニル−ブチルアミド(2,2,3,3,4,4,4−heptafluoro−N−phenyl−butylamide)をPCBM対比5.0重量%混合したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に実施した。
光活性層の製造において、2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−N−フェニル−ブチルアミド(2,2,3,3,4,4,4−heptafluoro−N−phenyl−butylamide)をPCBM対比10.0重量%混合したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に実施した。
光活性層の製造において、2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−N−フェニル−ブチルアミド(2,2,3,3,4,4,4−heptafluoro−N−phenyl−butylamide)を添加しなかったことを除いては、実施例1と同様に実施した。
実施例1〜6および比較例1で製造した有機太陽電池の電気光学的特性を測定するために、Oriel solar simulator(class AAA)を用いて標準条件(Air mass1.5Clobal、100mW/cm2)で電流−電圧密度を測定した。
Claims (16)
- 第1電極と、
第1電極に対向して備えられる第2電極と、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に配置される光活性層とを含む有機太陽電池であって、
前記光活性層は、フラーレン誘導体から選択される電子受容体、電子供与体、および下記化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物:
a、bおよびdは、それぞれ0〜7の整数であり、
cおよびeは、それぞれ0〜5の整数であり、
R 1 〜R 5 、R’およびR”は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;またはN、OおよびS原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基である。)
を含むものである有機太陽電池。 - 前記化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物が、電子受容体の表面エネルギーを減少させるものである請求項1に記載の有機太陽電池。
- 前記化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物は、前記電子受容体の重量対比0.25重量%〜1重量%である請求項1に記載の有機太陽電池。
- 前記電子受容体の表面エネルギーは、前記電子供与体の表面エネルギーに対して0.1%〜30%程度の差が生じるものである請求項1に記載の有機太陽電池。
- 前記光活性層の厚さは、60nm〜300nmである請求項1に記載の有機太陽電池。
- 前記光活性層の表面粗さは、前記化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物を含まない場合に比べて30%〜55%低減したものである請求項1に記載の有機太陽電池。
- 前記電子供与体と前記電子受容体との重量比率は、1:0.5〜1:5である請求項1に記載の有機太陽電池。
- 前記有機太陽電池は、前記第1電極と前記光活性層との間に正孔輸送層および正孔注入層のうちの1つ以上をさらに含むものである請求項1に記載の有機太陽電池。
- 前記有機太陽電池は、前記第2電極と前記光活性層との間に電子輸送層または正孔輸送層をさらに含むものである請求項1に記載の有機太陽電池。
- フラーレン誘導体から選択される電子受容体、および電子供与体を含む光活性層であって、
前記光活性層は、下記化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物:
a、bおよびdは、それぞれ0〜7の整数であり、
cおよびeは、それぞれ0〜5の整数であり、
R 1 〜R 5 、R’およびR”は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;またはN、OおよびS原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基である。)
をさらに含むものである光活性層。 - 前記化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物は、電子受容体の表面エネルギーを減少させるものである請求項10に記載の光活性層。
- 前記化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物は、前記電子受容体の重量対比0.25重量%〜1重量%である請求項10に記載の光活性層。
- 前記光活性層の表面粗さは、化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物を含まない場合に比べて30%〜55%低減したものである請求項10に記載の光活性層。
- 前記電子受容体の表面エネルギーは、前記電子供与体の表面エネルギーに対して0.1%〜30%程度の差が生じるものである請求項10に記載の光活性層。
- 基板を用意するステップと、
前記基板の一領域に第1電極を形成するステップと、
前記第1電極の上部に光活性層を含む有機物層を形成するステップと、
前記有機物層の上部に第2電極を形成するステップとを含み、
前記光活性層は、フラーレン誘導体から選択される電子受容体、電子供与体、および下記化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物:
a、bおよびdは、それぞれ0〜7の整数であり、
cおよびeは、それぞれ0〜5の整数であり、
R 1 〜R 5 、R’およびR”は、互いに同一または異なり、それぞれ独立に、水素;置換もしくは非置換のアルキル基;置換もしくは非置換のアルコキシ基;置換もしくは非置換のアルケニル基;置換もしくは非置換のアリール基;またはN、OおよびS原子のうちの1個以上を含む置換もしくは非置換のヘテロ環基である。)
を含むものである有機太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記化学式1−1〜1−5のうちのいずれか1つで表される化合物は、前記電子受容体の重量対比0.25重量%〜1重量%である請求項15に記載の有機太陽電池の製造方法。
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JP2016519440A (ja) | 2016-06-30 |
TWI568044B (zh) | 2017-01-21 |
WO2014182139A1 (ko) | 2014-11-13 |
US9923144B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
TW201511376A (zh) | 2015-03-16 |
EP2985801A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
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