JP6149030B2 - 燃料電池モジュール及び燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池モジュール及び燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6149030B2 JP6149030B2 JP2014507416A JP2014507416A JP6149030B2 JP 6149030 B2 JP6149030 B2 JP 6149030B2 JP 2014507416 A JP2014507416 A JP 2014507416A JP 2014507416 A JP2014507416 A JP 2014507416A JP 6149030 B2 JP6149030 B2 JP 6149030B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 217
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 211
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 211
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 133
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- -1 cyclic organic compound Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- BSZXAFXFTLXUFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BSZXAFXFTLXUFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010520 demethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroquinone methyl ether Natural products COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDJXVNRFAQSMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinhydrone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 BDJXVNRFAQSMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
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- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
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- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
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- C01B2203/0405—Purification by membrane separation
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- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1252—Cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons
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- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムの概略構造を示す模式図である。図1に示すように、本実施の形態に係る燃料電池システム1は、核水素化体貯蔵槽10、燃料電池モジュール20、第1排ガス処理部30、第2排ガス処理部32、第1熱交換部40(熱交換部)、第2熱交換部42(第2の熱交換部)、第3熱交換部44、凝縮部50、脱水素化体収容槽60、及び貯湯槽70を備える。
アノード:H2+O2−→H2O+2e− (1)
カソード:1/2O2+2e−→O2− (2)
実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システム1は、第2排ガス処理部32を備えない点を除き、実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システム1と同様の構成を備える。以下、実施の形態1と異なる点を中心に、本実施の形態に係る燃料電池システム1について説明する。なお、実施の形態1と同一の構成については同一の符号を付し、その説明及び図示は適宜省略する。
Claims (12)
- 燃料電池と、
芳香族化合物の核水素化体の脱水素反応を行う脱水素反応部と、
前記脱水素反応部で生成された水素と、前記核水素化体の脱水素化体とを分離する水素分離部と、
前記脱水素反応部及び前記水素分離部を内部に含む反応容器と、
前記水素分離部で分離された水素を前記燃料電池に供給する水素供給部と、
主表面上に前記燃料電池が搭載される台座と、
前記燃料電池、前記脱水素反応部、前記水素分離部、前記水素供給部及び前記台座を収容する単一の筐体と、を備え、
前記水素分離部は、金属薄膜及び多孔質膜の少なくとも一方からなる水素分離膜であり、前記反応容器の内部を2つの空間に区画し、一方の空間は、脱水素触媒が充填されて前記脱水素反応部を構成し、他方の空間は、前記水素分離部で分離された水素が流入する水素室を構成し、
前記脱水素反応部は、一方の主表面と当該一方の主表面とは反対側の他方の主表面とを有し、前記一方の主表面が前記燃料電池で発生する熱、及び前記燃料電池のオフガスの燃焼で発生する熱の少なくとも一方を受ける受熱面を構成し、前記他方の主表面上に前記水素分離部が配置され、
前記水素供給部は、前記台座内に設けられた水素流路と、当該水素流路及び前記水素室を接続する管部とを有し、
前記台座の主表面と直交する方向への前記反応容器の投影面の面積は、当該方向への前記台座の投影面の、燃料電池モジュールの定格出力当たりの面積に対して0.5〜1.35倍であり、
前記水素分離部における前記脱水素反応部側の主表面の有効透過面積が、前記直交する方向への投影面積の1.2倍以上であることを特徴とする燃料電池モジュール。 - 前記脱水素反応部は、前記燃料電池の上方に配置され、
前記水素分離部は、前記脱水素反応部の上方に配置されている請求項1に記載の燃料電池モジュール。 - 前記脱水素反応部は、前記反応容器の外部から供給される前記核水素化体の供給口を有し、
前記水素分離部は、前記供給口における前記核水素化体の流入方向に対して略平行に延在している請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池モジュール。 - 前記水素分離部は、水素透過係数が1.0×10−7mol/m2/s/Pa以上である請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池モジュール。
- 前記脱水素反応部における、前記核水素化体から前記脱水素化体への転換率が90%以上である請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池モジュール。
- 前記水素分離部を通過したガス中に含まれる前記脱水素化体のモル分率が5%以下である請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池モジュール。
- 前記燃料電池のオフガスを燃焼させる燃焼部をさらに備え、
前記燃料電池は、前記筐体内における前記脱水素反応部の下方空間に前記オフガスを排出し、
前記燃焼部は、前記下方空間において前記オフガスを燃焼させる請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池モジュール。 - 前記燃料電池は、筒状の形状を有し、一端が前記水素供給部に接続され、他端が前記下方空間に開放され、当該他端側に前記燃焼部が配置されている請求項7に記載の燃料電池モジュール。
- 前記燃料電池は、円筒型又は円筒平板型の固体酸化物形燃料電池である請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池モジュール。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池モジュールと、
前記水素分離部で分離された気体状の前記脱水素化体を凝縮させる凝縮部と、
前記凝縮部で生成される液体状の前記脱水素化体を収容する脱水素化体収容槽と、
を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 熱媒体の貯蔵槽と、
気体状の前記脱水素化体と前記熱媒体との間で熱交換を行う熱交換部と、
をさらに備える請求項10に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記熱交換部よりも前記熱媒体の流れ方向の下流側に設けられ、前記オフガスの燃焼排ガスと前記熱媒体との間で熱交換を行う第2の熱交換部をさらに備える請求項11に記載の燃料電池システム。
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