JP6126443B2 - 骨格筋遅筋化剤 - Google Patents
骨格筋遅筋化剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6126443B2 JP6126443B2 JP2013087322A JP2013087322A JP6126443B2 JP 6126443 B2 JP6126443 B2 JP 6126443B2 JP 2013087322 A JP2013087322 A JP 2013087322A JP 2013087322 A JP2013087322 A JP 2013087322A JP 6126443 B2 JP6126443 B2 JP 6126443B2
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Description
一般的には、運動により、持久力や筋量、筋力の低下を防ぐことができる。しかし、現実には、継続的に運動を行うことは簡単ではない。さらに、高齢者や既に筋力や持久力が低下している患者は、運動が困難なうえ、不適切な運動により骨折などの怪我を負う危険がある。持久力や筋量、筋力を向上させるための新たな方法の開発が所望されている。
遅筋を維持または増強すれば、持久力と筋力を保つことにより、運動不足や日常動作の困難を予防または改善することができると考えられる。
また本発明は、ショウガまたはその抽出物を有効成分とする持久力改善剤を提供する。
また本発明は、ショウガまたはその抽出物を有効成分とする筋量改善剤を提供する。
また本発明は、ショウガまたはその抽出物を有効成分とする持久力回復促進剤を提供する。
また本発明は、ショウガまたはその抽出物を有効成分とする筋量回復促進剤を提供する。
また本発明は、ショウガまたはその抽出物を有効成分とする筋委縮抑制剤を提供する。
また本発明は、ショウガまたはその抽出物を有効量で投与するかまたは摂取させることを含む、骨格筋遅筋化、持久力改善、筋量改善、持久力回復促進、筋量回復促進または筋委縮抑制のための非治療的方法を提供する。
遅筋型筋線維は、疲労しにくく持久力をもたらす筋線維であるため、筋肉を遅筋化することにより、筋量が増加することに加えて持久力が付与されるので、運動不足や日常動作の困難を予防または改善することができる。
また筋肉を遅筋化することにより、筋萎縮時における筋量低下を抑制することができ、または萎縮した筋肉の回復時における筋量の回復を促進することができる。したがって、筋肉を遅筋化することにより、筋委縮を抑制することができる。
本明細書において、「持久力回復促進」とは、低下した持久力が回復するときにおける持久力の回復を促進する作用をいう。
本明細書において、「筋量回復促進」とは、萎縮した筋肉の回復時における筋肉量の回復を促進する作用をいう。
抽出条件は、十分な抽出が行える条件であればよく、抽出時間としては、1分間以上2ヶ月間以下が好ましく、10分間以上5週間以下がより好ましく、抽出温度は、0℃以上溶媒沸点以下が好ましく、5℃以上70℃以下がより好ましい。通常、低温なら長時間、高温なら短時間の抽出を行う。抽出条件の例としては、15℃以上40℃以下で1時間以上5週間以下、約70℃で約5時間、等が挙げられる。しかし、抽出条件は上記条件に限定されることなく、当業者によって適宜選択または最適化され得る。
さらに別の態様において、本発明は、骨格筋遅筋化、持久力改善、筋量改善、持久力回復促進、筋量回復促進、または筋萎縮抑制のために使用されるショウガまたはその抽出物を提供する。
合わせて使用されてもよい。
(A)毎週2時間30分(150分)の中程度の有酸素活動(すなわち、速歩)、ならびに全ての主要な筋肉群(脚、臀部、背中、腹部、胸部、肩、及び腕)に働く一週間当たり2日以上のウエイトトレーニングによる筋力強化活動;または
(B)毎週1時間15分(75分)の強度の有酸素活動(すなわち、ジョギングまたはランニング)、ならびに全ての主要な筋肉群(脚、臀部、背中、腹部、胸部、肩、及び腕)に働く一週間当たり2日以上のウエイトトレーニングによる筋力強化活動;または
(C)中程度及び強度を組み合わせて同等な有酸素活動、ならびに全ての主要な筋肉群(脚、臀部、背中、腹部、胸部、肩、及び腕)に働く一週間当たり2日以上のウエイトトレーニングによる筋力強化活動。
ショウガ抽出物として、ジンジャー末PKS(商品名、小林桂株式会社製)の50%エタノール抽出物を用いた。ジンジャー末PKS 2000gに50%エタノールを18L加え、室温下に7日間、浸漬抽出した。抽出液をろ過により得た後、減圧濃縮・凍結乾燥して、ショウガ抽出物152.43gを得た。得られたショウガ抽出物を以下の試験例に用いた。
食事依存性肥満モデルマウス、C57BL/6Jマウス(雄性、6週齢)を平均体重が同じようになるように2群(5匹/群)に分けた。各群を、標準固形食(CE−2、オリエンタル酵母工業)で1週間飼育した。その後、対照群には、高脂肪食[25重量%コーン油、5重量%ラード、13重量%蔗糖、20重量%カゼイン、4重量%セルロース、3.5重量%AIN−76ミネラル混合(オリエンタル酵母工業)、1重量%AIN−76ビタミン混合(オリエンタル酵母工業)、28.5重量%ポテトスターチ]を与え、試験群(ジンジャー群)には、高脂肪食のポテトスターチのうちの0.4重量%をショウガ抽出物に置換した餌を与えた。24週間飼育後、各個体から麻酔下でヒラメ筋を摘出して4%パラフォルムアルデヒドで固定し、常法に従ってパラフィン切片を作製し、切片の免疫組織学染色を行い、遅筋線維を染色した。免疫組織学染色では、一次抗体は、ANTI−MYOSIN(SKELETAL,SLOW)(SIGMA、100倍希釈)を用いた。切片を一次抗体と4℃で一晩反応させた後、二次抗体(ヒストファインシンプルステイン、ニチレイ)で室温、30分間処理し、DAB発色にて遅筋線維を染色した。さらに、同じ個体から摘出したヒラメ筋の異なる切片において、一次抗体ANTI−MYOSIN(SKELETAL,FAST)(SIGMA、100倍希釈)を用いて、同様の手順で速筋線維を染色した。
染色サンプルを蛍光顕微鏡BIOREVO BZ−9000(KEYENCE)で観察し、染色された遅筋線維または速筋線維を検出した。切片中の総筋線維数に対する遅筋線維数の比率を計算した。遅筋線維および速筋線維の断面積は、解析ソフトBZ−H1C(KEYENCE)を用いて測定した。
C57BL/6Jマウス(雄性、6週齢)を平均体重が同じようになるように2群(10匹/群)に分けた。1週間の予備飼育後、対照群には対照食[10重量%コーン油、20重量%カゼイン、4重量%セルロース、3.5重量%AIN−76ミネラル混合、1重量%AIN−76ビタミン混合、61.5重量%ポテトスターチ]を与え、試験群には対照食のポテトスターチのうちの0.3重量%をショウガ抽出物に置換した餌を与えて、2週間飼育した。飼育終了後、各個体から麻酔下でヒラメ筋を摘出し、摘出した筋からRNeasy(Qiagen)を用いて全RNAを分離した。分離した全RNAから、PrimeScript RT Master Mix(タカラバイオ)を用いて逆転写反応し、cDNA合成を行った。そのcDNAを鋳型にし、遅筋型ミオシン重鎖(MHC type I)の遺伝子発現量を、TaqMan(登録商標)Gene Expression Assays,Assay ID:Mm01319006_g1(Applied Biosystems)、およびABI Prism 7700装置(Applied Biosystems)を用いて測定した。
C57BL/6Jマウス(雄性、12週齢)を平均体重が同じようになるように2群(7匹/群)に分けた。対照群には対照食[10重量%コーン油、20重量%カゼイン、4重量%セルロース、3.5重量%AIN−76ミネラル混合、1重量%AIN−76ビタミン混合、61.5重量%ポテトスターチ]を与え、試験群には対照食のポテトスターチのうちの0.4重量%をショウガ抽出物に置換した餌を与えて、10週間飼育した。飼育期間中、マウスを運動に慣らすため、週に3回、10m/minで5分間、15m/minで5分間、そして20m/minで20分間の合計30分間、トレッドミル運動を負荷した。10週間飼育後に以下に示す方法を用いて各群のマウスの運動持久力を評価した。
すなわち、2時間の絶食後、トレッドミルを10m/minで5分間、15m/minで5分間、20m/minで30分間、以降25m/minの速さで作動させ、マウスが走れなくなった時点を限界走行時間とし、運動持久力を評価した。
Claims (4)
- ショウガまたはその抽出物を有効成分とする骨格筋遅筋化剤。
- ショウガまたはその抽出物を有効成分とする、骨格筋遅筋化用の飲食品組成物。
- ショウガ抽出物がショウガの水、エタノールまたはエタノール水溶液の抽出物である、請求項1記載の剤。
- ショウガ抽出物がショウガの水、エタノールまたはエタノール水溶液の抽出物である、請求項2記載の飲食品組成物。
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