JP6113890B2 - ホップ酸化反応産物、その製造法および用途 - Google Patents
ホップ酸化反応産物、その製造法および用途 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明により提供されるホップ酸化反応産物は、ホップを空気中の酸素に接触させて酸化することにより得ることができる。本発明において酸化処理とは特に限定されるものではないが、酸化効率の観点から、好ましくは60℃〜80℃、8時間〜120時間の条件下で酸化処理を行うことができる。酸化処理の手法は後述する。また、本発明においてホップは、ルプリン部を含有するものであれば任意の形態のものでよく、収穫して乾燥させる前のもの、収穫して乾燥したもの、圧縮したもの、粉砕したもの、ペレット状に加工したもの等用いることができる。また、ルプリン部を選択的に濃縮したペレットを用いることもできる。さらに、異性化処理をしたペレットを用いることもできる。
従って、本発明の酸化反応産物は、好ましくは、酸化産物中から不快臭が除去されたものである。不快臭の除去の手法は後述する。
有機溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、およびブタノール等の炭素数1〜4の低級アルコ−ル;酢酸エチルエステル等の低級アルキルエステル;エチレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリンなどのグリコール類;その他アセトン、酢酸等の極性溶媒;ベンゼンやヘキサン等の炭化水素;エチルエーテルや石油エーテルなどのエーテル類等の非極性溶媒等が挙げられる。抽出物とすることにより本発明のホップ酸化反応産物を高濃度で利用可能となるほか、保存時の安定性が増すことなどから有利である。
酸化処理
本発明の酸化反応産物は、ホップを酸化処理することにより製造することができる。
加熱温度を100℃以下とする場合には異性化よりも酸化を優先的に進行させる上で有利である。また、好ましい加熱温度の下限は60℃である。加熱温度を60℃以上とする場合には酸化反応を効率的に進行させる上で有利である。また、反応期間も特に限定されるものではなく、ホップの品種や反応温度により適宜決定することができる。例えば、60℃であれば48〜120時間、80℃であれば8〜24時間が好ましい。さらにホップの形態は空気中の酸素と接触できれば特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくは粉末状にすることにより、反応時間を短縮できる。また、高湿の環境下で保管してもよい。
ホップを酸化処理に付して得られた酸化反応産物には不快臭があり、摂取の態様によっては悪影響を及ぼしうることから、該処理により生成した不快臭を除去する処理を実施してもよい。
後記実施例5〜6に示される通り、ホップの酸化反応産物またはその抽出物は、高脂肪食摂取マウスにおいて体重を有意に抑制するとともに、高脂肪食摂取マウスの皮下脂肪重量を有意に減少させた。
本発明の酸化反応産物を医薬品として提供する場合には、本発明の分解産物を薬学上許容される添加物と混合することにより製造できる。本発明の酸化反応産物はフムロン類やイソフムロン類のような強烈な苦味を有さないことから、苦味をマスキングするための手段を講じずに、あるいは既存のマスキング手段を用いて苦味を十分にマスキングした状態で所定の効能を期待する製剤とすることができる点で有利である。
経口剤は、有効成分に、例えば賦形剤(例えば、乳糖、白糖、デンプン、マンニトール)、崩壊剤(例えば、炭酸カルシウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム)、結合剤(例えば、α化デンプン、アラビアゴム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニールピロリドン、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース)または滑沢剤(例えば、タルク、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ポリエチレングリコール6000)を添加して圧縮成形し、次いで必要により、味のマスキング、腸溶性あるいは持続性の目的のため自体公知の方法でコーティングすることにより製造することができる。コーティング剤としては、例えばエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、ポリオキシエチレングリコール、セルロースアセテートフタレート、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレートおよびオイドラギット(ローム社製、ドイツ、メタアクリル酸・アクリル酸共重合物)などを用いることができる。
本発明の酸化反応産物の投与量または摂取量は、受容者、受容者の年齢および体重、症状、投与時間、剤形、投与方法、薬剤の組み合わせ等に依存して決定できる。例えば、本発明の酸化反応産物を医薬として経口投与する場合、体重60kgの成人1人1日当たりイソフムロン類換算で10〜600mg、好ましくは20〜200mg、非経口投与する場合は1〜100mg、好ましくは3〜30mgの範囲となるように、1日1〜3回に分けて投与することができる。本発明の酸化反応産物と組み合わせて用いる他の作用機序を有する薬剤も、それぞれ臨床上用いられる用量を基準として適宜決定できる。また、食品として摂取する場合に、体重60kgの成人1人1日当たりイソフムロン類換算で、25〜9600mgの範囲、好ましくは、25〜780mgの範囲の摂取量となるよう本発明の酸化反応産物を食品に配合することができる。
ホップとしては、ペレット状のハラタウペルレ種(HPE種)を用いた。このホップをミルで粉砕し、80℃で24時間まで加熱反応時間を保持した。得られた生成物について以下のように前処理を実施した後、HPLC分析に供した。
〔反応物分析前処理〕
採取した生成物を10%w/vとなるようエタノールに添加し、50℃で1時間抽出を行った。得られた抽出液をエタノールで10倍に希釈した。
[HPLC構成装置]
ホンプ:LC-10ADvp×3(SHIMADZU)
デガッサー:DGU-20A5(SHIMADZU)
システムコントローラー:CBM-20A(SHIMADZU)
オートサンプラー:SIL-20ACHT(SHIMADZU)
カラムオーブン:CTO-20AC(SHIMADZU)
フォトダイオードアレー検出器:SPD-M20A(SHIMADZU)
波形解析ソフトウェア:LCSolution(SHIMADZU)
[HPLC条件]
カラム:Alltima C18 2.1mm I.D. x 100mm 粒子径3μm
流速:0.6mL/min
溶出溶媒A:水/リン酸、1000/0.2, (v/v) + EDTA(free) 0.02%(w/v)
溶出溶媒B:アセトニトリル
溶出溶媒C:水
注入量:3μL
カラム温度:40℃
検出波長: 270nm(酸化反応産物、イソα酸、α酸、β酸)
グラジエントプログラム:
すなわち図1において矢印Aで分画される範囲のピーク(α酸、β酸のピークを除く)がこれに該当する。検出波長270nmで検出される全ピークの合計面積値(mAU・min)中の矢印Aで分画される範囲のピーク(α酸、β酸のピークを除く)の面積値の比率(%)は表3の通りであった。
実施例1の生成物は酸化反応に起因する脂肪酸等を含んでおり、摂取する態様によっては、この不快臭のため快適な摂取が困難であると考えられた。そこで、不快臭の除去を検討した。
実施例2の抽出物について、その苦味を官能評価にて比較した。
実施例2の抽出物および未酸化ホップペレットより実施例2と同様の方法で抽出して得られた生成物(コントロール)の苦味について、以下の方法で6人の社内パネラーを用いて官能評価を行った。抽出物については10mMクエン酸バッファー(pH5.5)中で煮沸溶解し、実施例2の抽出物またはコントロールがイソフムロン換算で50ppmとなるように希釈して官能評価に用いた。
実施例1の方法に従い、ホップペレットを60℃または80℃で酸化処理し、経時的に生成物を採取しHPLCにて測定し、ピーク全体の面積に対するα酸、β酸およびイソα酸のピーク面積の合計のピーク面積比1、および、ピーク全体の面積に対するフムロン類、ルプロン類およびイソフムロン類以外のピーク面積のピーク面積比2を算出した。また、実施例3に記載された方法に従って官能評価を実施した。結果は以下の通りであった。
実施例5:低温での酸化処理検討
実施例1の方法に従い、ザーツ種のホップを4℃で5年間保管し、酸化処理を行った。
得られた生成物について、HPLC分析に供した。
本発明による生成物の生理作用を評価するために、以下の方法によりサンプルの調製を行った。
実施例2の抽出物について、マウスを用いて生理評価を実施した。1群6匹の5週齢 雄性C57BL/6Jマウス(日本チャールズリバー)を、AIN93G飼料にて1週間程度馴化後、高脂肪食群、高脂肪食に実施例2の抽出物を固形分量0.5%(W/W)となるように添加した群の計2群を設定した。投与開始時より毎週体重を測定し、37日間まで投与を継続し、解剖時に皮下脂肪重量及び腎周囲脂肪重量を測定した。
実施例2の抽出物の膵リパーゼ活性阻害作用を評価した。膵リパーゼ活性の測定はすでに報告された方法(J.Agric.Food Chem.,53,4593−4598(2005))に従って以下の通りに実施した。測定試薬には4−methylumbelliferyloleate(シグマアルドリッチ)を使用し、酵素源にはブタ膵リパーゼ(シグマアルドリッチ)を、1検体当たり10U使用した。実施例2の抽出物は4%ジメチルスルホキシドを用いて所定の固形分濃度に溶解し、試験に供した。活性は4%ジメチルスルホキシドのみを添加した場合に得られる酵素活性を100%として表示した。
測定の結果、実施例6で得られた抽出物はすべて膵リパーゼ活性を阻害し、固形分の終濃度37.9〜133.3μg/mlで添加したときに約50%までリパーゼ活性が低下した。また、実施例6で得られた抽出物の50%膵リパーゼ活性阻害濃度(IC50)は図9に示される通りであった。以上の結果から、実施例6で得られた抽出物は全て膵リパーゼ活性の阻害作用を持つことが確認された。
Claims (3)
- HPLC分析による総ピーク面積に対するイソα酸、α酸およびβ酸のピーク面積の割合が20%以下である、ホップ酸化反応産物またはその抽出物を有効成分として含んでなる、脂肪蓄積抑制用または体重増加抑制用の組成物。
- 食品組成物である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
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