JP6105573B2 - エポキシ樹脂用硬化剤 - Google Patents
エポキシ樹脂用硬化剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6105573B2 JP6105573B2 JP2014519517A JP2014519517A JP6105573B2 JP 6105573 B2 JP6105573 B2 JP 6105573B2 JP 2014519517 A JP2014519517 A JP 2014519517A JP 2014519517 A JP2014519517 A JP 2014519517A JP 6105573 B2 JP6105573 B2 JP 6105573B2
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- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLNOVKKVHFRGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical group [CH2]CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC QLNOVKKVHFRGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQKGJRGUAQVYNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,2-dichloropropan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)(Cl)CCl)OC(C)(Cl)CCl YQKGJRGUAQVYNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-propan-2-ylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHYQWBKCXBXPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(CBr)(CBr)COP(=O)(OCC(CBr)(CBr)CBr)OCC(CBr)(CBr)CBr BHYQWBKCXBXPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,11-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCN KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5033—Amines aromatic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/56—Amines together with other curing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/62—Alcohols or phenols
- C08G59/621—Phenols
- C08G59/623—Aminophenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
本発明の態様としては、以下を挙げることができる:
《態様1》
以下の式(I)の少なくとも1種のアミノ基を有するアミンと以下の式(II)の少なくとも1種のアミノ基を有するアミンとを含む、エポキシ樹脂の硬化に適した硬化剤:
R及びR’は、互いに独立に、水素原子又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基を表し;
Xは、ヒドロキシル基、エーテル基、エステル基、又はアミノ基を有していてもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する炭化水素残基であり;
ここで、硬化剤中の式(I)のアミノ基の数と式(II)のアミノ基の数との比率は、0.05〜1.0である]。
《態様2》
式(I)のアミノ基の数と式(II)のアミノ基の数との前記比率が、0.08〜0.7の値であることを特徴とする、態様1に記載の硬化剤。
《態様3》
R及びR’が、互いに独立に、水素原子又はメチル基を表すことを特徴とする、態様1又は2に記載の硬化剤。
《態様4》
Xが、ヒドロキシル基、エーテル基、又はアミノ基を有していてもよい、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する炭化水素残基を表することを特徴とする、態様1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤。
《態様5》
炭化水素残基が、5〜12個の炭素原子を有する、置換された又は置換されていないアリール残基を表すことを特徴とする、態様4に記載の硬化剤。
《態様6》
Xが式(III)の残基を表すことを特徴とする、態様1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤:
R 1 及びR 2 は、
互いに独立に、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する1価の炭化水素残基を表すか、
又は、合わせて4〜12個の炭素原子を有する2価の炭化水素残基を表し、これは5〜8個の炭素原子、好ましくは6個の炭素原子を有する、置換された若しくは置換されていない炭素環の一部となり;
R 3 は、水素、又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、アリールアルキル基、若しくはアルコキシカルボニル基を表し;
かつ、
R 4 は、ヘテロ原子を有してもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する1価の脂肪族、脂環式、又はアリール脂肪族残基を表し;
R 5 は、水素、又はヘテロ原子を有してもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する1価の脂肪族、脂環式、若しくはアリール脂肪族残基を表し、
又は
R 4 とR 5 は、合わせて3〜30個の炭素原子を有する2価の脂肪族残基を表し、これは5〜8個の環原子、好ましくは6個の環原子を有する置換された又は置換されていない複素環の一部となり、ここでこの環は窒素原子以外に他のヘテロ原子を有していてもよい]。
《態様7》
Xは式(IV)の残基を表すことを特徴とする、態様1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤:
R 1’ 及びR 2’ は、
互いに独立に、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する1価の炭化水素残基を表すか、
又は、合わせて4〜12個の炭素原子を有する2価の炭化水素残基を表し、これは5〜8個の炭素原子、好ましくは6個の炭素原子を有する、置換された若しくは置換されていない炭素環の一部となり;
R 3’ は、水素、又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、アリールアルキル基、若しくはアルコキシカルボニル基を表し;かつ
R 6 は、水素、又は1〜20個の炭素原子を有するアルキル若しくはアシル残基、特に水素、又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアシル残基を表す]。
《態様8》
式(V)の少なくとも1種のアミンを含有することを特徴とする、態様1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤:
Aは、エーテル基又はアミノ基を有してもよい、28〜5000g/molの範囲の分子量を有する(m+n)価の炭化水素残基を表し、かつ
m及びnは、それぞれ1又は2を表す]。
《態様9》
Aが、1級アミノ基の除去後のアミンの残基を表し、前記アミンは、1,5−ジアミノ−2−メチルペンタン、2−ブチル−2−エチル−1,5−ペンタンジアミン、1,6−ヘキサンジアミン、2,5−ジメチル−1,6−ヘキサンジアミン、2,2,4−及び2,4,4−トリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミン、1,12−ドデカンジアミン、1,4−ジアミノシクロヘキサン、ビス−(4−アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス−(4−アミノ−3−メチルシクロヘキシル)メタン、1−アミノ−3−アミノメチル−3,5,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,3−ビス−(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、2,5(2,6)−ビス−(アミノメチル)−ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタン、3(4)、8(9)−ビス−(アミノメチル)−トリシクロ[5.2.1.0 2,6 ]デカン、1,3−ビス−(アミノメチル)ベンゼン、ビス−ヘキサメチレントリアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン、5〜7個のエチレンアミン単位を有するポリエチレンポリアミン、ジプロピレントリアミン、N−(2−アミノエチル)−1,3−プロパンジアミン、N,N’−ビス(3−アミノプロピル)エチレンジアミン、並びに200〜500g/molの分子量を有するポリオキシアルキレン−ジアミン及びポリオキシアルキレン−トリアミンからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、態様8に記載の硬化剤。
《態様10》
20℃で測定した場合、150〜2000mPa・sの粘度を有することを特徴とする、態様1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤。
《態様11》
a)少なくとも1種のエポキシ樹脂と、
b)態様1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1種の硬化剤と、
を含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物。
《態様12》
(i)少なくとも1種のエポキシ樹脂を含有する樹脂成分と、
(ii)態様1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤を含有する硬化剤成分と、
からなる2成分組成物であることを特徴とする、態様1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
《態様13》
態様11又は12に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物を硬化して得られる、硬化された組成物。
《態様14》
コーティングとしての、態様11又は12に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物の使用。
《態様15》
態様14の使用から得られる物品。
R及びR’は、互いに独立に、水素原子又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基を表し;
Xは、ヒドロキシル基、エーテル基、エステル基、又はアミノ基を有してもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する炭化水素残基であり;
ここで、硬化剤中の式(I)のアミノ基の数と式(II)のアミノ基の数との比率V1は、0.05〜1.0の値を有する]。
好適な比率では、硬化剤は低粘度及び迅速な硬化とエポキシ樹脂との有利な組合せを有する。
これらのアミンは、特に低い粘度を有する。
特に好ましい態様において、Xは、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、イソブチル、ペンチル、イソペンチル、ヘキシル、シクロヘキシル、ヘプタ−3−イル、ノニル、ウンデシル、フェニル、異性体トルイル、異性体ジメチルフェニル、異性体トリメチルフェニル、又は異性体ナフチルを表す。これらのアミンは、特に低い粘度を有する。
R1及びR2は、
互いに独立に、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する1価の炭化水素残基を表すか、
又は、合わせて4〜12個の炭素原子を有する2価の炭化水素残基を表し、これは5〜8個の炭素原子、好ましくは6個の炭素原子で任意に置換された炭素環の一部であり;
R3は、水素、又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、アリールアルキル基、若しくはアルコキシカルボニル基を表し;
かつ
R4は、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する1価の脂肪族、脂環式、又はアリール脂肪族残基を表し、これは任意にヘテロ原子を有し;
R5は、水素、又は1〜20個の炭素原子を有する1価の脂肪族、脂環式、若しくはアリール脂肪族残基を表し、これは任意にヘテロ原子を有し、
又は
R4及びR5は、合わせて一緒に3〜30個の炭素原子を有する2価の脂肪族残基を表し、5〜8個の環原子、好ましくは6個の環原子を有する任意に置換された複素環の一部であり、ここでこの環は任意に窒素原子以外に他のヘテロ原子を含有する]。
好ましくは、R3は水素原子を表す。
好ましくは、R4は、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、2−エチルヘキシル、シクロヘキシル、2−ヒドロキシエチル、2−メトキシエチル、2−ヒドロキシプロピル、又はベンジルを表し、R5は、水素原子、又はメチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、2−エチルヘキシル、シクロヘキシル、2−ヒドロキシエチル、2−メトキシエチル、2−ヒドロキシプロピル、又はベンジルを表す。
さらに、R4及びR5は好ましくは、窒素原子を含んで、任意に置換されたモルホリン環を形成する。
好ましくは式(III)の残基は、12個以下のC原子を有する。
R1’はR1を、R2’はR2を、かつR3’はR3を表し、R1、R2、及びR3は既に記載した意味を有し、かつ
R6は、水素、又は1〜20個の炭素原子を有するアルキル若しくはアシル残基を表し、特に水素又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアシル残基を表す]。
式(II)のアミノ基を含有するそのような硬化剤は、特にこれらがR6として水素を有する時、エポキシ樹脂と非常に相溶性である。R6としてドデカノイルを用いると、特に低粘度のアミンが入手できる。
好ましくは、式(IV)の残基は、ヒドロキシル基又はエーテル基を有する。
Aは、28〜5000g/molの範囲の分子量を有する(m+n)価の炭化水素残基を表し、これは、任意にエーテル基又はアミノ基を有し、
mとnは各回1又は2を表し、そして
R、R’、及びXは、上記した意味を有する]。
好ましくは、式(V)中のAは、28〜500g/molの範囲の分子量を有する(m+n)価の炭化水素残基を表し、これは、任意にエーテル基又はアミノ基を有する。
好ましくは、式(V)中のAは1級アミノ基を含まない。
式(V)の好適なアミンは、エポキシ樹脂と高い相溶性があり、これらとともに、白化現象無しで非常に迅速に硬化し、高品質フィルムを形成する。
式(V)のこれらの特に好適なアミンは、エポキシ樹脂と特に相溶性があり、白化現象無しで迅速に硬化して、高品質のフィルムになる。
式(VII)のカルボニル化合物として特に好適なものは、ベンズアルデヒドとアセトフェノンであり、特に好適なものはベンズアルデヒドである。
− 脂肪族、脂環式、又はアリール脂肪族1級ジアミン、例えばエチレンジアミン、1,2−プロパンジアミン、1,3−プロパンジアミン、2−メチルメチル−1,2−プロパンジアミン、2,2−ジメチル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、1,3−ブタンジアミン、1,4−ブタンジアミン、1,3−ペンタンジアミン(DAMP)、1,5−ペンタンジアミン、1,5−ジアミノ−2−メチルペンタン(MPMD)、2−ブチル−2−エチル−1,5−ペンタンジアミン(C11−ネオジアミン)、1,6−ヘキサンジアミン、2,5−ジメチル−1,6−ヘキサンジアミン、2,2,4−及び2,4,4−トリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミン(TMD)、1,7−ヘプタンジアミン、1,8−オクタンジアミン、1,9−ノナンジアミン、1,10−デカンジアミン、1,11−ウンデカンジアミン、1,12−ドデカンジアミン、1,2−、1,3−及び1,4−ジアミノシクロヘキサン、ビス−(4−アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン(H12−MDA)、ビス−(4−アミノ−3−メチルシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス−(4−アミノ−3−エチルシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス−(4−アミノ−3,5−ジメチルシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス−(4−アミノ−3−エチル−5−メチルシクロヘキシル)メタン(M−MECA)、1−アミノ−3−アミノメチル−3,5,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン(=イソホロンジアミン又はIPDA)、2−及び4−メチル−1,3−ジアミノシクロヘキサン及びこれらの混合物、1,3−及び1,4−ビス−(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、2,5(2,6)−ビス−(アミノメチル)ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタン(NBDA)、3(4)、8(9)−ビス(アミノメチル)トリシクロ[5.2.1.02、6]デカン、1,4−ジアミノ−2,2,6−トリメチルシクロヘキサン(TMCDA)、1,8−メンタンジアミン、3,9−ビス−(3−アミノプロピル)−2,4,8,10−テトラオキサスピロ[5.5]ウンデカン、ならびに1,3−及び1,4−ビス−(アミノメチル)ベンゼン;
− 1級及び2級アミノ基を有するポリアミン、例えば、特にN−メチル−1,2−エタンジアミン、N−エチル−1,2−エタンジアミン、N−ブチル−1,2−エタンジアミン、N−ヘキシル−−1,2−エタンジアミン、N−(2−エチルヘキシル)−1,2−エタンジアミン、N−シクロヘキシル−1,2−エタンジアミン、4−アミノメチルピペリジン、N−(2−アミノエチル)ピペラジン、N−メチル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、N−ブチル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、N−(2−エチルヘキシル)−1,3−プロパンジアミン、N−シクロヘキシル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、3−メチルアミノ−1−ペンチルアミン、3−エチルアミノ−1−ペンチルアミン、3−シクロヘキシル−1−ペンチルアミン、脂肪族ジアミン、例えばN−ココアルキル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、及びモル比1:1で反応させた1級脂肪族ジアミンと、アクリロニトリル、マレイン酸もしくはフマル酸ジエステル、シトラコン酸ジエステル、アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸エステル、アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸アミド、イタコン酸ジエステルとのマイケル型付加反応からの生成物;
− モノアミン、例えば、特にベンジルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン、2−フェニルエチルアミン、2−メトキシフェニルエチルアミン、4−メトキシフェニルエチルアミン、3,4−ジメトキシフェニルエチルアミン(ホモベラトリルアミン)、1−及び2−ブチルアミン、イソブチルアミン、tert−ブチルアミン、3−メチル−2−ブチルアミン、1−ヘキシルアミン、1−オクチルアミン、2−エチル−1−ヘキシルアミン、2−メトキシメトキシ−1−エチルアミン、2−エトキシ−1−エチルアミン、3−メトキシ−1−プロピルアミン、3−エトキシ−1−プロピルアミン、3−(2−エチルヘキシルオキシ)プロピルアミン、3−(2−メトキシエトキシ)プロピルアミン;
促進剤として適しているものは、アミノ基とエポキシ基の間の反応を促進する物質、特に酸又は加水分解して酸にすることができる化合物、特に有機酸、例えば酢酸、安息香酸、サリチル酸、2−ニトロ安息香酸、乳酸、有機スルホン酸、例えばメタンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、又は4−ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸、スルホン酸エステル、他の有機酸又は無機酸、例えば、特にリン酸、又は上記の酸及び酸エステルの混合物;さらに3級アミン、例えば、特に1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン、ベンジルジメチルアミン、α−メチルベンジルジメチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン、イミダゾール、例えば、特にN−メチルイミダゾール、N−ビニルイミダゾール、又は1,2−ジメチルイミダゾール、このような3級アミンの塩、4級アンモニウム塩、例えば、特にベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド、アミジン、例えば、特に1,8−ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]ウンデク−7−エン、グアニジン、例えば、特に1,1,3,3−テトラメチルグアニジン、フェノール、特にビスフェノール、フェノール樹脂、マンニッヒ塩基、例えば、特に2−(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノール、2,4,6−トリス−(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノール、及びフェノールのポリマー、ホルムアルデヒド、N,N−ジメチル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、ホスファイト、ならびにメルカプト基を有する化合物、例えば既に記載されているものである。
好ましい促進剤は、サリチル酸及び2,4,6−トリス−(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノールである。
a)少なくとも1種のエポキシ樹脂と、
b)少なくとも1種の上記の硬化剤と、
を含むエポキシ樹脂組成物である。
好ましいのは、指数sが平均して0.2未満の値を表す式(IX)のそのような液体樹脂である。
− 飽和又は不飽和の、分枝状又は非分枝の、環状又は開鎖した、C2−〜C30−ジオール、例えば、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、ヘキサンジオール、オクタンジオール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ジメチロールシクロヘキサン、ネオペンチルグリコール、又はジブロモネオペンチルグリコールのグリシジルエーテル;
最後に、エポキシ樹脂として適しているのは、オレフィンの酸化からのエポキシ樹脂であり、例えば、ビニルシクロヘキセン、ジシクロペンタジエン、シクロヘキサジエン、シクロドデカジエジエン、シクロドデカトリエン、イソプレン、1,5−ヘキサジエン、ブタジエン、ポリブタジエン、又はジビニルベンゼンの酸化からのものである。
− 溶剤、シンナー、成膜助剤、又は増量剤、例えば既に述べた組み込み不可能なシンナー;
(i)少なくとも1種のエポキシ樹脂を含有する樹脂成分と、
(ii)上記の硬化剤を含有する硬化剤成分と、
からなる2成分組成物である。
− ガラス、ガラスセラミックス、コンクリート、モルタル、レンガ、タイル、石膏、自然石、例えば花崗岩や大理石;
したがって本発明の更なる主題は、コーティングとしての記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物の使用である。
アミン含量、すなわち製造された化合物中のアミノ基の総含有量は、滴定(氷酢酸中0.1NのHClO4を用いて、クリスタルバイオレットに対して)により測定し、これを常にmmolN/gで示す。
TETA:
トリエチレンテトラミン(工業用グレード、アミン含量:約25.7mmolN/g)
N4−アミン:
N,N’−ビス(3−アミンプロピル)エチレンジアミン(BASFから)
IPDA:
1−アミノ−3−アミンメチル−3,5,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン(=イソホロンジアミン)
MXDA:
1,3−ビス−(アミンメチル)ベンゼン(=m−キシレンジアミン)
D−230:
ポリプロピレングリコールジアミン、平均分子量:約240g/mol、アミン含量:約8.29mmolN/g(HuntsmanからのJeffamine(商標)D−230)
丸底フラスコ中で、アルデヒド又はアルデヒドとアミンの混合物を、窒素雰囲気下で充分量のイソプロパノールに溶解した。この溶液を室温で30分攪拌し、次に80barの水素圧、80℃の温度、及び3ml/分の流速で、連続操作水素化装置で、Pd/C固体床触媒を用いて水素化した。反応の制御のために、IRスペクトル法を使用して、約1665cm−1のイミンバンドが消失したかどうかを調べた。次にこの溶液を真空中で80℃で濃縮した。
アミン1:還元アルキル化の一般的調製手順に従って、17.2gのベンズアルデヒドと15.0gのTETAを反応させた。20℃で260mPa・sの粘度を有し、アミン含量が13.1mmolN/gである透明な淡黄色のオイルが得られた。
実施例1:73.35重量部(wt部)のアミン1と8.65wt部のアミン2とを、遠心ミキサー(SpeedMixer(商標)DAC150、FlackTek Inc.)を用いて混合した。
使用した物質:
Araldite(商標)GY 250 (Huntsman):
ビスフェノール−A−ジグリシジルエーテル、エポキシ当量:約187.5g/Eq
Epikote(商標)862 (Hexion):
ビスフェノール−F−ジグリシジルエーテル、エポキシ当量:約169g/Eq
Araldite(商標)DY−E (Huntsman):
C12〜C14アルコールのモノグリシジルエーテル、エポキシ当量:約290g/Eq
Ancamine(商標)K54 (Air Products):
2,4,6−トリス−(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノール
各例について、表3〜5に記載の成分を記載の量(重量部で)で遠心ミキサー(SpeedMixer(商標)DAC150,FlackTek Inc.)を用いて混合した。混合の10分後、毎回組成物の粘度を測定した(「粘度(10’)」)。さらに、毎回ガラスプレートの上に第1のフィルムを500μmの層厚に広げ、23±1℃と50±5%相対湿度(標準化気象、以後「NK」と省略する)で維持したか、又は硬化させた。4週間後、フィルムの外観を判定した(表中で「外観(NK)」として記載する)を判定した。フィルムが透明で、構造体が無く光沢があり粘着性が無い場合は、「良好」と判定した。「構造体」とは、表面上の何らかのマークや模様を意味する。さらに、フィルムのケーニッヒ(Koenig)硬度(ケーニッヒのねじれ硬度(pendulum hardness)、DIN EN ISO 1522に従って測定した)を、2日後(「ケーニッヒ硬度(NK)(2d)」)、4日後(「ケーニッヒ硬度(NK)(4d)」)、7日後(「ケーニッヒ硬度(NK)(7d)」)、及び4週間後(「ケーニッヒ硬度(NK)(4W)」)に測定した。さらに毎回、ガラスプレート上に第2のフィルムを層厚500μmに広げ、これを、適用直後に8℃で80%の相対湿度で7日間、次にNKで3週間維持したか、又は硬化させた。この後、これらのフィルムの外観を、外観(NK)について記載したものと同じ方法で判定した(表中で「外観(8°/80%)」として記載される)。再度、これらの硬化したフィルムのケーニッヒ硬度を、毎回8℃で80%の相対湿度で7日間後(「ケーニッヒ硬度(8°/80%)(7d低温)」)、次にNKで4日間後(「ケーニッヒ硬度(8°/80%)(+4d NK)」)、及びNKで7日間後(「ケーニッヒ硬度(8°/80%)(+7d NK)」)、及びNKで3週間後(「ケーニッヒ硬度(8°/80%)(+3w NK)」)に測定した。
Claims (18)
- 以下の式(I)のアミンと以下の式(II)のアミンとを含むか、かつ/又は式(V)の少なくとも1種のアミンを含む、エポキシ樹脂の硬化に適した硬化剤:
式(V)中で、m及びnは、それぞれ1又は2を表し、
式(I)、式(II)、及び式(V)中で、
R及びR’は、互いに独立に、水素原子又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基を表し;
Xは、ヒドロキシル基、エーテル基、エステル基、又はアミノ基を有していてもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する炭化水素残基であり;
Aは、エーテル基又はアミノ基を有してもよい、28〜5000g/molの範囲の分子量を有する(m+n)価の炭化水素残基を表し;
ここで、硬化剤中の式(I)に示されるようなアミノ基と式(II)に示されるようなアミノ基とは互いに異なっており、かつ硬化剤中の式(I)に示されるようなアミノ基の数と式(II)に示されるようなアミノ基の数との比率は、0.08〜0.7である]。 - 以下の式(I)のアミンと以下の式(II)のアミンとを含むか、かつ/又は式(V)の少なくとも1種のアミンを含む、エポキシ樹脂の硬化に適した硬化剤:
式(V)中で、m及びnは、それぞれ1又は2を表し、
式(I)、式(II)、及び式(V)中で、
R及びR’は、互いに独立に、水素原子又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基を表し;
Xが式(III)の残基を表し:
R 1 及びR 2 は、
互いに独立に、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する1価の炭化水素残基を表すか、
又は、合わせて4〜12個の炭素原子を有する2価の炭化水素残基を表し、これはそれらが結合する炭素原子と共に5〜8個の炭素原子を有する、置換された若しくは置換されていない炭素環の一部となり;
R 3 は、水素、又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、アリールアルキル基、若しくはアルコキシカルボニル基を表し;
かつ、
R 4 は、ヘテロ原子を有してもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する1価の脂肪族、脂環式、又はアリール脂肪族残基を表し;
R 5 は、水素、又はヘテロ原子を有してもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する1価の脂肪族、脂環式、若しくはアリール脂肪族残基を表し、
又は
R 4 とR 5 は、合わせて3〜30個の炭素原子を有する2価の脂肪族残基を表し、これはそれらが結合する窒素原子と共に5〜8個の環原子を有する、置換された又は置換されていない複素環の一部となり、ここでこの環は窒素原子以外に他のヘテロ原子を有していてもよい};
Aは、エーテル基又はアミノ基を有してもよい、28〜5000g/molの範囲の分子量を有する(m+n)価の炭化水素残基を表し;
ここで、硬化剤中の式(I)に示されるようなアミノ基と式(II)に示されるようなアミノ基とは互いに異なっており、かつ硬化剤中の式(I)に示されるようなアミノ基の数と式(II)に示されるようなアミノ基の数との比率は、0.05〜1.0である]。 - 以下の式(I)のアミンと以下の式(II)のアミンとを含むか、かつ/又は式(V)の少なくとも1種のアミンを含む、エポキシ樹脂の硬化に適した硬化剤:
式(V)中で、m及びnは、それぞれ1又は2を表し、
式(I)、式(II)、及び式(V)中で、
R及びR’は、互いに独立に、水素原子又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基を表し;
Xは式(IV)の残基を表し:
R 1’ 及びR 2’ は、
互いに独立に、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する1価の炭化水素残基を表すか、
又は、合わせて4〜12個の炭素原子を有する2価の炭化水素残基を表し、これはそれらが結合する炭素原子と共に5〜8個の炭素原子を有する、置換された若しくは置換されていない炭素環の一部となり;
R 3’ は、水素、又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、アリールアルキル基、若しくはアルコキシカルボニル基を表し;かつ
R 6 は、水素、又は1〜20個の炭素原子を有するアルキル若しくはアシル残基を表す};
Aは、エーテル基又はアミノ基を有してもよい、28〜5000g/molの範囲の分子量を有する(m+n)価の炭化水素残基を表し;
ここで、硬化剤中の式(I)に示されるようなアミノ基と式(II)に示されるようなアミノ基とは互いに異なっており、かつ硬化剤中の式(I)に示されるようなアミノ基の数と式(II)に示されるようなアミノ基の数との比率は、0.05〜1.0である]。 - 20℃で測定した場合、150〜2000mPa・sの粘度を有する硬化剤であって、以下の式(I)のアミンと以下の式(II)のアミンとを含むか、かつ/又は式(V)の少なくとも1種のアミンを含む、エポキシ樹脂の硬化に適した硬化剤:
式(V)中で、m及びnは、それぞれ1又は2を表し、
式(I)、式(II)、及び式(V)中で、
R及びR’は、互いに独立に、水素原子又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基を表し;
Xは、ヒドロキシル基、エーテル基、エステル基、又はアミノ基を有していてもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する炭化水素残基であり;
Aは、エーテル基又はアミノ基を有してもよい、28〜5000g/molの範囲の分子量を有する(m+n)価の炭化水素残基を表し;
ここで、硬化剤中の式(I)に示されるようなアミノ基と式(II)に示されるようなアミノ基とは互いに異なっており、かつ硬化剤中の式(I)に示されるようなアミノ基の数と式(II)に示されるようなアミノ基の数との比率は、0.05〜1.0である]。 - 式(I)に示されるようなアミノ基の数と式(II)に示されるようなアミノ基の数との前記比率が、0.08〜0.7の値であることを特徴とする、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤。
- R及びR’が、互いに独立に、水素原子又はメチル基を表すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤。
- Xが、ヒドロキシル基、エーテル基、又はアミノ基を有していてもよい、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する炭化水素残基を表すことを特徴とする、請求項1又は4に記載の硬化剤。
- 炭化水素残基が、5〜12個の炭素原子を有する、置換された又は置換されていないアリール残基を表すことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の硬化剤。
- Xが式(III)の残基を表すことを特徴とする、請求項1又は4に記載の硬化剤:
R1及びR2は、
互いに独立に、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する1価の炭化水素残基を表すか、
又は、合わせて4〜12個の炭素原子を有する2価の炭化水素残基を表し、これはそれらが結合する炭素原子と共に5〜8個の炭素原子を有する、置換された若しくは置換されていない炭素環の一部となり;
R3は、水素、又は1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、アリールアルキル基、若しくはアルコキシカルボニル基を表し;
かつ、
R4は、ヘテロ原子を有してもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する1価の脂肪族、脂環式、又はアリール脂肪族残基を表し;
R5は、水素、又はヘテロ原子を有してもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する1価の脂肪族、脂環式、若しくはアリール脂肪族残基を表し、
又は
R4とR5は、合わせて3〜30個の炭素原子を有する2価の脂肪族残基を表し、これはそれらが結合する窒素原子と共に5〜8個の環原子を有する、置換された又は置換されていない複素環の一部となり、ここでこの環は窒素原子以外に他のヘテロ原子を有していてもよい]。 - 式(V)の少なくとも1種のアミンを含有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤。
- Aが、1級アミノ基の除去後のアミンの残基を表し、前記アミンは、1,5−ジアミノ−2−メチルペンタン、2−ブチル−2−エチル−1,5−ペンタンジアミン、1,6−ヘキサンジアミン、2,5−ジメチル−1,6−ヘキサンジアミン、2,2,4−及び2,4,4−トリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミン、1,12−ドデカンジアミン、1,4−ジアミノシクロヘキサン、ビス−(4−アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス−(4−アミノ−3−メチルシクロヘキシル)メタン、1−アミノ−3−アミノメチル−3,5,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,3−ビス−(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、2,5(2,6)−ビス−(アミノメチル)−ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタン、3(4)、8(9)−ビス−(アミノメチル)−トリシクロ[5.2.1.02,6]デカン、1,3−ビス−(アミノメチル)ベンゼン、ビス−ヘキサメチレントリアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン、5〜7個のエチレンアミン単位を有するポリエチレンポリアミン、ジプロピレントリアミン、N−(2−アミノエチル)−1,3−プロパンジアミン、N,N’−ビス(3−アミノプロピル)エチレンジアミン、並びに200〜500g/molの分子量を有するポリオキシアルキレン−ジアミン及びポリオキシアルキレン−トリアミンからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤。
- 20℃で測定した場合、150〜2000mPa・sの粘度を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤。
- a)少なくとも1種のエポキシ樹脂と、
b)請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1種の硬化剤と、
を含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物。 - (i)少なくとも1種のエポキシ樹脂を含有する樹脂成分と、
(ii)請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の硬化剤を含有する硬化剤成分と、
からなる2成分組成物であることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。 - 請求項14又は15に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物を硬化して得られる、硬化された組成物。
- 請求項14又は15に記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物から得られるコーティング。
- 請求項17に記載のコーティングを含む物品。
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EP11174274A EP2546276A1 (de) | 2011-07-15 | 2011-07-15 | Härter für Epoxidharze |
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PCT/EP2012/063375 WO2013010841A1 (de) | 2011-07-15 | 2012-07-09 | Härter für epoxidharze |
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CN103408726B (zh) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏苏博特新材料股份有限公司 | 一种增韧型环氧树脂固化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
WO2016097365A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Sika Technology Ag | Chemical blowing agent and thermally expandable thermoplastic composition |
JP6839092B2 (ja) | 2015-03-23 | 2021-03-03 | シーカ テクノロジー アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 低温硬化性エポキシ樹脂プライマー又は接着剤 |
WO2018013889A1 (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | Aculon, Inc | Coated articles that demonstrate push-through electrical connectivity |
RU2703026C1 (ru) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-10-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" | Заливной анкер для закрепления пучка из композитной арматуры |
US12053908B2 (en) | 2021-02-01 | 2024-08-06 | Regen Fiber, Llc | Method and system for recycling wind turbine blades |
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CN113248690B (zh) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-05-17 | 昌德新材科技股份有限公司 | 1,2-环己二胺副产物的再利用方法、环氧树脂固化剂及其应用 |
CN113307948A (zh) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-08-27 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | 一种可水下粘接的贻贝仿生酚醛胺固化剂及其制备方法 |
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US9290609B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
RU2611417C2 (ru) | 2017-02-22 |
EP2731979A1 (de) | 2014-05-21 |
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JP2014520922A (ja) | 2014-08-25 |
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CN103649161B (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
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