JP6092247B2 - 回転楕円体状アルミナ粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
回転楕円体状アルミナ粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6092247B2 JP6092247B2 JP2014548125A JP2014548125A JP6092247B2 JP 6092247 B2 JP6092247 B2 JP 6092247B2 JP 2014548125 A JP2014548125 A JP 2014548125A JP 2014548125 A JP2014548125 A JP 2014548125A JP 6092247 B2 JP6092247 B2 JP 6092247B2
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- suspension
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- alumina
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- water
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001680 bayerite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7h-purine-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=C2NC=NC2=N1 ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005169 Debye-Scherrer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005059 solid analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
a)水と、酸と、X線回折によるScherrerの式を用いて得られる[020]および[120]方向の結晶子寸法の比が、0.7〜1の範囲である、少なくとも1種のベーマイト粉末とを含む懸濁液を調製する工程;
b)細孔形成剤と、界面活性剤と、場合による水とを、あるいは、少なくとも1種の細孔形成剤、界面活性剤、および水を含む乳濁液を、工程a)の懸濁液に添加する工程;
c)工程b)で得られた懸濁液を混合する工程;
d)工程c)で得られた懸濁液を用いて、油滴法により回転楕円体状粒子を成形する工程;
e)工程d)で得られた粒子を乾燥させる工程;
f)工程e)で得られた粒子を焼成する工程。
a)懸濁液を、オリフィスが小滴を形成するように調整された(calibrated)ノズルを備えた滴下ポットに移す、工程;
b)懸濁液を、上部に有機相と、下部に塩基性水性相とを入れたカラム中に、重力下で滴下して、塩基性水性相からの出口において回転楕円体状粒子を得る、工程。
・メソ細孔(2〜50nmの範囲の細孔径)容積を表す、窒素吸着等温線容積(Vメソとして定義することとする)が、0.65〜0.85mL/gの範囲であり;かつ
・水銀ポロシメトリによって計測され、径が7μm未満である細孔の容積(Vメソ+マクロとして定義することとする)が、0.65〜0.85mL/gの範囲であり;
ここで比Q=[(Vメソ+マクロ−Vメソ)/(Vメソ+マクロ)]が、10%未満、好ましくは8%未満、より好ましくは5%未満である。比Qは、従って、メソおよびマクロ細孔容積の合計に対する、マクロ細孔の容積を表す。
a)水と、酸と、X線回折によるScherrerの式を用いて得られる[020]および[120]方向の結晶子寸法の比が、0.7〜1の範囲である、少なくとも1種のベーマイト粉末とを含む懸濁液を調製する工程;
b)細孔形成剤と、界面活性剤と、場合による水とを、あるいは、少なくとも1種の細孔形成剤、界面活性剤、および水を含む乳濁液を、工程a)の懸濁液に添加する工程;
c)工程b)で得られた懸濁液を混合する工程;
d)工程c)で得られた懸濁液を用いて、油滴法により回転楕円体状粒子を成形する工程;
e)工程d)で得られた粒子を乾燥させる工程;
f)工程e)で得られた粒子を焼成する工程。
実施例
以下に示す実施例の、ベーマイトについてのX線回折は、回折ビーム湾曲グラファイトモノクロメータとシンチレーション検出器とを備えた、Bruker D5005(CuKα1+2=0.15418nm)回折計による従来の粉末法を用いて行った。8秒毎に0.02°刻みで、3〜80°(2θ)の範囲にわたり、Debye−Scherrer法で、固体の分析を記録した。回折面(020)および(120)に相当するピークは、それぞれ、約14.5°(2θ)および約28°(2θ)に位置していた。
実施例1(比較例)
実施例1の担体を、Sasolによって販売されている、Pural(登録商標)SB3タイプのベーマイトを用いて、調製した。そのX線回折パターンにより、Scherrerの式によって得られた[020]および[120]方向の結晶子寸法の比が、0.66であることが示された。
実施例2(本発明に合致する)
1モル/Lの水酸化ナトリウム溶液を用いる、周囲温度かつ約10に設定したpHでの、0.1モル/L硝酸アルミニウム溶液のアルカリ化によって、ベーマイトを合成した。次いで、懸濁液を、1週間にわたり、オーブン内において95℃で、撹拌することなく、熟成させた。懸濁液のpHは、熟成後変化した;最終pHは、11.5に等しかった。固体を、ろ過により回収し、次いで、出発体積にほぼ等しい体積の水中で洗浄し、次いで、空気流れ中、周囲温度で乾燥させた。このベーマイト粉末は、Scherrerの式によって得られた[020]および[120]方向の結晶子寸法の比が0.79である、X線回折パターンを有していた。
実施例3(本発明に合致する)
ベーマイトの合成は、1モル/Lの水酸化ナトリウム溶液を用いる、周囲温度かつ約10に設定したpHでの、0.1モル/L硝酸アルミニウム溶液のアルカリ化によって行った。次いで、懸濁液を、1週間にわたり、オーブン内において95℃で、撹拌することなく、熟成させた。懸濁液のpHは、熟成後変化した;最終pHは、11.5に等しかった。固体を、ろ過により回収し、次いで、出発体積にほぼ等しい体積の水中で洗浄した。固体を取り出して、水中の懸濁液中へと移し、150℃で4時間にわたりオートクレーブで処理した。懸濁液を遠心分離器にかけて、次いで、空気流れ中、周囲温度で乾燥させた。
実施例4(本発明に合致する)
1モル/Lの水酸化ナトリウム溶液を用いる、周囲温度かつ約10に設定したpHでの、0.1モル/L硝酸アルミニウム溶液のアルカリ化によって、ベーマイトを合成した。次いで、懸濁液を、1週間にわたり、オーブン内において95℃で、撹拌することなく、熟成させた。懸濁液のpHは、熟成後変化した;最終pHは、11.5に等しかった。固体を、ろ過により回収し、次いで、出発体積にほぼ等しい体積の水中で洗浄した。固体を取り出して、水中の懸濁液中へと移し、180℃で24時間にわたりオートクレーブで処理した。懸濁液を遠心分離器にかけて、次いで、空気流れ中、周囲温度で乾燥させた。ベーマイト粉末は、Scherrerの式によって得られた[020]および[120]方向の結晶子寸法の比が、0.91であるX線回折パターン図を有していた。
実施例5(本発明に合致する)
実施例5の担体を、30重量%のPural(登録商標)SB3と、実施例2に従って合成した70重量%のベーマイトとを含むベーマイト源を用いて、調製した。
実施例6(本発明に合致する)
実施例2で合成したベーマイトを用いて、実施例6の担体を調製した。
実施例7(本発明に合致する)
実施例2で合成したベーマイトを用いて、実施例7の担体を調製した。
実施例8(本発明に合致する)
実施例2で合成したベーマイトを用いて、実施例8の担体を調製した。
実施例9(本発明に合致する)
実施例2で合成したベーマイトを用いて、実施例9の担体を調製した。
実施例10(本発明に合致する)
実施例10の担体を、実施例2で合成したベーマイトを用いて調製した。
実施例11(本発明に合致する)
1モル/Lの水酸化ナトリウム溶液を用いる、周囲温度かつ約10に設定したpHでの、0.1モル/L硝酸アルミニウム溶液のアルカリ化によって、ベーマイトを合成した。次いで、懸濁液を、1週間にわたり、オーブン内において95℃で、撹拌することなく、熟成させた。懸濁液のpHは、熟成後変化した;最終pHは、11.5に等しかった。固体を、ろ過により回収し、次いで、出発体積にほぼ等しい体積の水中で洗浄し、次いで、空気流れ中、周囲温度で乾燥させた。このベーマイト粉末は、Scherrerの式によって得られた[020]および[120]方向の結晶子寸法の比が0.79である、X線回折パターンを有していた。
Claims (15)
- メソ細孔容積を表し、Vメソと称される、窒素吸着等温線容積が0.65〜0.85mL/gの範囲であり、水銀ポロシメトリによって計測され、Vメソ+マクロと称される、径7μm未満の細孔の容積が0.65〜0.85mL/gの範囲であり、その比Q=[(Vメソ+マクロ−Vメソ)/(Vメソ+マクロ)]が10%未満であり、平均径が1.2〜3mmの範囲であり、BET比表面積が150〜300m2/gの範囲であり、かつ、沈降詰込み密度が0.5〜0.6g/mLの範囲である、回転楕円体状アルミナ粒子。
- 平均粉砕強度が、少なくとも2.5daNである、請求項1に記載の回転楕円体状アルミナ粒子。
- 請求項1または2に記載の粒子から形成される担体と、第VIII族から選択される1種以上の金属とを含む、炭化水素または他の有機化合物の接触改質、水蒸気改質、分解、水素化分解、水素化、脱水素、および脱水素環化から選択される変換反応を行うために用いる触媒。
- 第IIIA族、第IVA族、第VA族、およびランタニドから選択される1種以上の元素をさらに含む、請求項3に記載の触媒。
- フッ素、塩素、臭素、およびヨウ素によって構成される群から選択される元素をさらに含む、請求項3または4に記載の触媒。
- 白金、スズ、および塩素を含む、請求項5に記載の触媒。
- 以下の工程を含む、回転楕円体状アルミナ粒子の製造方法:
a)水と、酸と、X線回折によるScherrerの式を用いて得られる[020]および[120]方向の結晶子寸法の比が、0.7〜1の範囲である、少なくとも1種のベーマイト粉末とを含む懸濁液を調製する工程;
b)細孔形成剤と、界面活性剤と、場合による水とを、あるいは、少なくとも1種の細孔形成剤、界面活性剤、および水を含む乳濁液を、工程a)の懸濁液に添加する工程;
c)工程b)で得られた懸濁液を混合する工程;
d)工程c)で得られた懸濁液を用いて、油滴法により回転楕円体状粒子を成形する工程;
e)工程d)で得られた粒子を乾燥させる工程;
f)工程e)で得られた粒子を焼成する工程。 - 工程a)の水性懸濁液は、体積によるメディアン径が50μm以下の粒子によって構成される、アルミナ装入物またはアルミナ前駆体をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- アルミナ装入物は、ハイドラジライト(hydragillite)と、バイヤライトと、無定形ゲルと、ロー、カイ、エータ、ガンマ、カッパ、シータ、デルタ、またはアルファ相のうち少なくとも1つの相を含む遷移アルミナとして知られるアルミナとによって形成される群から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 懸濁液のAl2O3の全重量に対するアルミナ装入物の重量比が、30%以下である、請求項8または9に記載の方法。
- 細孔形成剤は、沸点が220〜350℃の範囲のオイルカットである、請求項7〜10のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 工程b)で得られた懸濁液中に占める(engaged)水の全質量に対する細孔形成剤の比として表される、細孔形成剤の量は、0.5〜8%の範囲である、請求項7〜11のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 水性懸濁液は、元素周期分類の第IIIA族、第IVA族、第VA族、およびランタニドから選択される1種以上の元素の塩をさらに含む、請求項7〜12のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 請求項7〜13のいずれか1つに記載の方法であって、粒子を成形するための工程c)が以下の工程を含む、方法:
a)懸濁液を、オリフィスが小滴を形成するように調整された(calibrated)ノズルを備えた滴下ポットに移す、工程;
b)懸濁液を、上部に、水に非混和性である有機相と、下部に、塩基性水性相とを入れたカラム中に、重力下で滴下して、塩基性水性相からの出口において回転楕円体状粒子を得る、工程。 - 請求項3〜6のいずれか1つに記載の触媒、あるいは、請求項7〜14のいずれか1つに従って調製されたアルミナ粒子を含む触媒の、炭化水素または他の有機化合物の接触改質、水蒸気改質、分解、水素化分解、水素化、脱水素、および脱水素環化から選択される変換反応を行うための使用。
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PCT/FR2012/000466 WO2013093221A2 (fr) | 2011-12-20 | 2012-11-16 | Procédé de fabrication de particules sphéroïdales d'alumine. |
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2011
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2014129854A (ru) | 2016-02-10 |
EP2794487B1 (fr) | 2021-03-17 |
CN104039705B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
WO2013093221A3 (fr) | 2013-12-19 |
CN104039705A (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
RU2608775C2 (ru) | 2017-01-24 |
JP2015500788A (ja) | 2015-01-08 |
WO2013093221A2 (fr) | 2013-06-27 |
US20140357471A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
DK2794487T3 (da) | 2021-06-07 |
SG11201403195UA (en) | 2014-09-26 |
ZA201403625B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
SG10201602108UA (en) | 2016-04-28 |
EP2794487A2 (fr) | 2014-10-29 |
KR20140106717A (ko) | 2014-09-03 |
FR2984180A1 (fr) | 2013-06-21 |
KR102022136B1 (ko) | 2019-09-17 |
US9669387B2 (en) | 2017-06-06 |
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