JP6088648B2 - 貪食細胞へ物質を送達する担体 - Google Patents
貪食細胞へ物質を送達する担体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6088648B2 JP6088648B2 JP2015522296A JP2015522296A JP6088648B2 JP 6088648 B2 JP6088648 B2 JP 6088648B2 JP 2015522296 A JP2015522296 A JP 2015522296A JP 2015522296 A JP2015522296 A JP 2015522296A JP 6088648 B2 JP6088648 B2 JP 6088648B2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/46—Ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. skin, bone, milk, cotton fibre, eggshell, oxgall or plant extracts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
- A61K47/6901—Conjugates being cells, cell fragments, viruses, ghosts, red blood cells or viral vectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
(1)乳酸菌及び/又はその抽出物を含有することを特徴とする、貪食細胞へ物質を送達するための担体。
(2)前記乳酸菌がラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)属に属することを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の担体。
(3)前記乳酸菌がラクトバチルス・プランタラム(Lactobacillus plantarum)に属することを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の担体。
(4)前記乳酸菌がラクトバチルス・プランタラムL−137株(Lactobacillus plantarum L-137)であることを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の担体。
(5)前記乳酸菌が死菌体であることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の薬物担体。
(6)貪食細胞への物質の送達が、貪食細胞のスカベンジャー受容体を介することを特徴とする前記(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の担体。
(7)前記スカベンジャー受容体がクラスAのスカベンジャー受容体であることを特徴とする前記(6)に記載の担体。
(8)前記物質が、貪食細胞が関与する疾患の診断、予防及び/又は治療に用いる物質であることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載の担体。
(9)前記貪食細胞が関与する疾患が、アテローム性動脈硬化症であることを特徴とする前記(8)に記載の担体。
(10)前記(1)〜(9)のいずれかに記載の担体と、前記貪食細胞に送達する物質とを含有する組成物。
(11)前記(1)〜(9)のいずれかに記載の担体を用いることを特徴とする貪食細胞への物質の送達方法。
また、本発明に用いる乳酸菌は、安全性である点、大量培養及び大量取得が可能である点、遺伝子組み換え技術の適応が比較的容易である点などから、本発明によれば、安全性が高く、貪食細胞への送達効果が高い担体を、安価に製造することができる。
培養液から菌体を分離する方法としては、この分野で通常用いられる種々の方法を採用してもよく、特に限定されない。本発明のひとつの態様において、具体的には、例えば、培養液に蒸留水を加えた後に遠心分離等の手段によって上清を除くことによって、培養液と菌体とを分離する方法等を採用してもよい。なお、この態様においては、培養液に蒸留水を加えて遠心分離を行った後に上清を除去した後、所望により、上清を除去した残留物にさらに蒸留水を加えて遠心分離を行う操作を何度か繰り返してもよい。本発明のひとつの態様において、分離操作として濾過工程を含んでいてもよい。
前記担持方法は、本発明の効果を失しない限り、特に限定されないが、例えば、前記貪食細胞に送達する物質を、前記乳酸菌の菌体表面及び/又は菌体内部あるいは前記乳酸菌抽出物に結合させてもよい。前記結合方法としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、共有結合、極性共有結合、イオン結合、静電結合、配位共有結合、芳香族結合、水素結合、双極子又はファンデルワールス相互作用を含む化学結合を採用してもよい。また、遺伝子工学的に、前記菌体表面及び/又は菌体内部に発現、産生させることで、前記貪食細胞に送達する物質を菌体に担持させてもよい。
遺伝子工学的な技術を応用することで、例えば、アディポネクチン(例えば、Atherosclerosis. 2013; 228(1): 124-35.を参照。)やIL−1β(例えば、Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010; 17(1): 43-8.を参照。)を、乳酸菌に担持させることができる。
また、本発明の前記担体の医薬製造への使用も本発明に包含される。
前記医薬品の投与経路は、特に限定されず、例えば、経口または非経口のいずれかの経路で哺乳動物に投与してもよい。
前記経口剤としては、顆粒剤、散剤、錠剤(糖衣錠を含む)、丸剤、カプセル剤、シロップ剤、乳剤、懸濁剤などが挙げられる。非経口剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、注射剤(例えば、皮下注射剤、静脈内注射剤、筋肉内注射剤、腹腔内注射剤等)、点滴剤、外用剤(例えば、経鼻投与製剤、経皮製剤、軟膏剤等)、坐剤(例えば、直腸坐剤、膣坐剤等)などが挙げられる。
また、無菌の固形剤、例えば凍結乾燥品を製造し、その使用前に無菌の注射用蒸留水又は他の溶剤に溶解して使用してもよい。
本発明の前記飲食品は、一般的に飲食品に用いられる食品添加剤、例えば甘味料、着色料、保存料、増粘安定剤、酸化防止剤、発色料、漂白料、防かび剤、ガムベース、苦味料、酵素、光沢剤、酸味料、調味料、乳化剤、強化剤、製造用剤、香料、香辛料抽出物等の一種以上が添加されてもよい。なお、本発明の前記飲食品には、健康食品、機能性食品、特定保健用食品、乳児用食品、幼児用食品、妊産婦用食品、病者用食品が含まれる。
本発明の前記担体の貪食細胞への物質の送達は、スカベンジャー受容体を介することが好ましい。該スカベンジャー受容体は、特に限定されないが、クラスAのスカベンジャー受容体であることが好ましい。該クラスAのスカベンジャー受容体としては、AI及びAII(モノクローナル抗体Clone2F8によって認識されるCD204抗原受容体)等が挙げられる。
MRS(de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe)液体培地にラクトバチルス・プランタラムL−137(受託番号FERMBP−08607)株を播種し、32℃で24時間培養した。培養後、培養液を4200×g、4℃、10分間遠心分離し菌体を集めた。得られた菌体を生理食塩水によく分散し、4200×g、4℃、10分間遠心分離した後、上清を除き、菌体を集めた。さらに、集めた菌体に生理食塩水によく分散させ、上記条件にて遠心分離をする操作を3回繰り返した。その後、得られた菌体をイオン交換水に分散し、80℃で20分間加熱した。4200×g、4℃、10分間遠心分離して沈殿を凍結乾燥することにより、加熱死菌体を得た(実施例品1)。
前記ラクトバチルス・プランタラムL−137株の代わりにラクトバチルス・プランタラムJCM1149株を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、加熱死菌体を得た(実施例品2)。
実施例品1及び2を、50mM炭酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH9.6)1mLに5mg/mLの濃度で懸濁した。菌体懸濁液に終濃度が5μg/mLになるようにフルオレセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)isomer−I(同仁化学)を添加し、37℃で60分間、遮光下で反応させて、菌体をFITCで標識した。FITCで標識した菌体を19000×g、4℃の条件で10分間遠心分離し、沈殿を1mLのリン酸緩衝液に懸濁後、上記と同条件で遠心分離した。リン酸緩衝液への懸濁と遠心分離の操作を3回繰り返した後、遠心分離で得られた残留物を1mLのリン酸緩衝液に懸濁し、10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地で500倍希釈した。
貪食細胞は、マウス脾臓由来のものを用いた。
マウス(BALB/c、雌性、6〜12週齢)から脾臓を摘出し、10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地中で押しつぶした。0.017Mのトリス緩衝液(pH7.65)に最終濃度0.75%となるように塩化アンモニウムを加えて作製した溶液で、得られた細胞集団を4℃、5分間処理して赤血球を破壊後、#200メッシュに通して、脾臓細胞浮遊液を得た。脾臓細胞浮遊液中の細胞数は自動血球計測装置(CDA−500、シスメックス社製)を用いて測定した。脾臓細胞の濃度が1×107(細胞数)/mLとなるように、10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地に上記の脾臓細胞浮遊液を懸濁後、24穴培養プレートに1mLずつ添加し、5%炭酸ガス培養器内で37℃、90分間培養した。その後、培養液をピペッティングし、非接着細胞を含む培養液を丁寧に除去して、貪食細胞を多く含む接着細胞集団を得た。培養液を除去後、10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地を500μL添加した。
上記(貪食細胞の調製)で得た貪食細胞を多く含む接着細胞集団500μLに、10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地で10μg/mLの濃度に調製された実施例品1及び実施例品2のFITC標識菌体(試料1及び2)、あるいは、菌体を含まず10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地のみで調製された対照試料(試料3)500μLを、貪食細胞を多く含む接着細胞集団500μLに添加した。上記試料1〜3を5%炭酸ガス培養器内で37℃、4時間あるいは24時間培養し、その後、貪食細胞を回収した。回収した貪食細胞中のFITC標識菌体を取り込んだ貪食細胞の割合を、フローサイトメーター(ベックマンコールター)を用いて検出し、貪食細胞が菌を取り込んだ割合を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
上記(貪食細胞の調製)で得た貪食細胞を多く含む接着細胞集団500μLに、Aタイプのスカベンジャー受容体に対するモノクローナル抗体IgG2b(clone RTK4530、以下、抗スカベンジャーA抗体という。)を4μg添加した(試料4)。また、抗スカベンジャーA抗体に替えてアイソタイプコントロール抗体4μgを添加した試料も調製した(試料5)。5%炭酸ガス培養器内で37℃、1時間培養後、10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地で10μg/mLの濃度に調製された実施例品1のFITC標識菌体500μLを添加し、4時間あるいは24時間培養した。4時間後、あるいは24時間後に貪食細胞を回収し、回収した貪食細胞中のFITC標識菌体を取り込んだ貪食細胞の割合を、フローサイトメーターを用いて検出し、貪食細胞が菌を取り込んだ割合を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
また、試験例2の結果から、スカベンジャーA受容体を不活性化させた貪食細胞(試料4を添加した細胞)においては、乳酸菌菌体の取り込み率が顕著に低くなることが分かる。すなわち、本発明の担体は、主に貪食細胞のスカベンジャー受容体を介して取り込まれることが示された。
Claims (8)
- ラクトバチルス・プランタラムL−137株(Lactobacillus plantarum L-137)である乳酸菌及び/又はその抽出物を含有することを特徴とする、貪食細胞へ物質を送達するための担体。
- 前記乳酸菌が死菌体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の担体。
- 貪食細胞への物質の送達が、貪食細胞のスカベンジャー受容体を介することを特徴とする請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の担体。
- 前記スカベンジャー受容体がクラスAのスカベンジャー受容体であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の担体。
- 前記物質が、貪食細胞が関与する疾患の診断、予防及び/又は治療に用いる物質であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の担体。
- 前記貪食細胞が関与する疾患が、アテローム性動脈硬化症であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の担体。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の担体と、前記貪食細胞に送達する物質とを含有する、貪食細胞へ物質を送達するための組成物。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の担体を用いることを特徴とする、生体外における貪食細胞への物質の送達方法。
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