JP6083077B2 - 金属イオンの吸着材 - Google Patents
金属イオンの吸着材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6083077B2 JP6083077B2 JP2012141278A JP2012141278A JP6083077B2 JP 6083077 B2 JP6083077 B2 JP 6083077B2 JP 2012141278 A JP2012141278 A JP 2012141278A JP 2012141278 A JP2012141278 A JP 2012141278A JP 6083077 B2 JP6083077 B2 JP 6083077B2
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 62
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
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- UPNNXUSUOSTIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dithietane Chemical group C1CSS1 UPNNXUSUOSTIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Description
[1]多孔質キトサン微粒子とヒドロキシキノリン又はその誘導体とアルデヒドとを反応させてなる、金属イオンの吸着材。
[2]多孔質キトサン微粒子とヒドロキシキノリン又はその誘導体とアルデヒドとを反応させる工程を含む、金属イオンの吸着材の製造方法。
[3][1]に記載の吸着材に、パラジウム、金、白金、インジウム及びガリウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の金属イオンを接触させる工程;及び
該吸着材を脱離剤で処理して、該金属イオンを吸着材から脱離させる工程;
を含む、パラジウム、金、白金、インジウム及びガリウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の金属の回収方法。
〈金属イオンの吸着材〉
本発明の金属イオンの吸着材は、多孔質キトサン微粒子とヒドロキシキノリン又はその誘導体とアルデヒドとを反応させて得られる吸着材である。該吸着材は、マンニッヒ反応により、多孔質キトサン微粒子を構成するキトサン中のアミノ基と、ヒドロキシキノリン又はその誘導体と、アルデヒドとが酸触媒下で反応して、ヒドロキシキノリン又はその誘導体が多孔質キトサン微粒子にメチレン架橋された構造を有する。
本発明の金属の回収方法は、前記吸着材に金属イオンを接触させる工程、及び該吸着材を脱離剤で処理して、金属イオンを吸着材から脱離させる工程を含む。
本発明の回収方法において、吸着材に接触させて吸着することができる金属イオンは、ベリリウム、ホウ素、アルミニウム、スカンジウム、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、ガリウム、ゲルマニウム、ヒ素、ストロンチウム、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、モリブデン、パラジウム、銀、カドミウム、インジウム、スズ、アンチモン、テルル、セシウム、バリウム、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、レニウム、白金、金、水銀、タリウム、鉛、ビスマス、ランタン、セリウム、プラセオジム、テルビウム、ジスプロシウム、ホルミウム、エルビウム、ツリウム、イッテルビウム、ルテチウム、ウラン等のイオンが挙げられる。好ましくは、インジウム、ガリウム、鉄、アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル、コバルト、亜鉛、カドミウム、パラジウム、金、白金、モリブデン、タングステン又はバナジウムのイオンである。より好ましくは、3価のインジウムイオン、3価のガリウムイオン、2価のパラジウムイオン、4価の白金イオン又は3価の金イオンである。
本発明の回収方法の脱離工程で用いられる「脱離剤」としては、例えば、酸性溶液、塩基性溶液、塩溶液、チオ尿素水溶液、チオ尿素水溶液と酸性溶液との混合溶液等を本発明の目的に応じて選択することができる。
前記文献(Kanai Y., et al.)に記載の方法に従い、キトサン粉末(株式会社キミカ)を原料に多孔質キトサン微粒子(「OWOC」ともいう)を調製した。得られたOWOC10gを三口フラスコに入れ、8−ヒドロキシキノリンを13.5g(2.5当量)溶解させたエタノール溶液100cm3と、37%ホルムアルデヒド溶液120g(25当量)をフラスコ中に加え、120rpmで撹拌した。そこに1mol dm−3 HClを60cm3(1当量)加え、24h、120rpmで撹拌した。その後、得られた分散液をろ過し、エタノール、NaOH、HCl、蒸留水で中性になるまで洗浄し、乾燥機で一晩乾燥した。調製した8−ヒドロキシキノリンを導入した多孔質キトサン微粒子(QNOC)中の8−ヒドロキシキノリンの量、即ち、イオン交換容量を水酸化ナトリウムの中和滴定によって定量したところ、5.01mol Kg−1であった。配位子導入量は、今回使用しているキトサン粉末の脱アセチル化度から、約95%であると推定された。
実験操作は全てバッチ法により行った。以下の金属、インジウム(In(III))、ガリウム(Ga(III))、鉄(Fe(III))、アルミニウム(Al(III))、銅(Cu(II))、ニッケル(Ni(II))、コバルト(Co(II))、亜鉛(Zn(II))、カドミウム(Cd(II))、セレン(Se(VI))、パラジウム(Pd(II))について、各金属イオン濃度を1×10−3mol dm−3とし、pHが0.5〜8となるようにアンモニア及び硝酸を用いて調整した1mol dm−3の硝酸アンモニウム溶液を調製した。このようにして調製した金属イオン溶液15cm3に、QNOCを0.050g加え、30℃恒温槽を用いて振盪速度120rpmで24時間振盪した後、ろ過した。ろ液の金属イオン濃度を、原子吸光光度計(HITACHI Analyst Z2000)及びICP発光分析装置(SHIMADZU ICPS=7000)を用いて測定し、金属イオンの吸着率を観察した。なお、吸着特性を評価するにあたり、吸着率(%)、吸着量qe、脱離率(%)を次の式により定義した(式中、Ce(mol dm−3)は平衡時の金属イオン濃度を表し、Cinit(mol dm−3)は吸着前の金属イオン濃度を表し、Cdes(mol dm−3)は脱離溶液中の金属イオン濃度を表し、w(g)はQNOCの重量を表す)。
1mol dm−3のNH4NO3水溶液にIn(III)及びGa(III)の各金属イオン濃度が0.5×10−3mol dm−3となるように溶解し、アンモニア及び硝酸を用いて平衡pHが0.5〜4となるように調整した。吸着実験は[実施例2]と同様に行った。脱離実験は、In(III)及びGa(III)混合溶液を用いて2段階の脱離工程を経ることで、混合溶液中からIn(III)及びGa(III)を分離した。QNOCに金属を吸着させた後に脱離剤を用いて脱離実験を行った。吸着平衡後と、各脱離剤を用いたときのろ液の金属濃度を、それぞれCeq、Cdes(NaOH)、Cdes(HCl)として測定を行い評価した。図4に本試験の手順を示す。
吸着実験はバッチ法により行った。Au(III)、Pd(II)、Pt(IV)、Cu(II)、Fe(III)、Ni(II)の各金属イオン濃度を1×10−3mol dm−3とし、0.01〜5mol dm−3のHCl溶液を調製した。吸脱着実験は[実施例2]と同様に行い、脱離剤として1mol dm−3アンモニア、1mol dm−3水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、3mol dm−3塩化ナトリウム水溶液、3mol dm−3塩酸、1mol dm−3チオ尿素、1mol dm−3チオ尿素+塩酸溶液を用いた。
吸着・脱着プロセスにおけるQNOCの耐久性を評価した。QNOCを用いて、Pd(II)について5回の吸着・脱離実験を繰り返した。脱離剤には、3mol dm−3の塩酸を用いた。Pd(II)の吸脱着率と繰り返し回数との関係を図8に示す。結果より、QNOCは5回の吸着全てにおいてPd(II)を100%吸着し、90%以上の高い脱離率を保持した。この結果より、QNOCは吸着・脱着の繰り返しに対して高い耐久性を有しており、吸着後のQNOCでも容易に再生できることが分かった。
QNOCによるPd(II)の飽和吸着量を測定するために、吸着等温線を測定した。まず、Pd(II)の初濃度が3×10−3〜20×10−3mol dm−3となるように調整した0.1Nの塩酸溶液15cm3に、QNOCを0.050g加え、30℃の恒温槽で振盪速度120rpmで24時間振盪した。平衡後、金属濃度を測定した。吸着等温線をLangmuir型に当てはめ考察した。Langmuir吸着等温式を下記式(4)に示す。これを変形した下記式(5)に基づいたLangmuirプロット(横軸にCeq、縦軸にCeq/qをプロットしたグラフ)の傾きと切片より吸着平衡定数KL(m3mol−1)と飽和吸着量qmax(mol Kg−1)を求めた(式中、qは金属イオンの吸着量を表す)。
内径3mm、長さ100mmのカラムジャケット付ガラスカラム(東京理化器械株式会社製)に下から脱脂綿、QNOC(乾燥樹脂量;0.080g、カラム体積:0.25cm3)、脱脂綿で充填したものをカラムとして利用した。供給液は、株式会社フロム製KP−12型デュアルポンプにより各流速で一定流量を供給した。流出液は東京理化器械株式会社製フラクションコレクター(DC−1500)により一定時間ごとに採取した。採取した液は、[実施例2]と同様にして金属濃度を測定した。
Claims (2)
- 多孔質キトサン微粒子とヒドロキシキノリン又はその誘導体とアルデヒドとをアルコール溶液及び酸性溶液下で反応させる工程を含む、金属イオンの吸着材の製造方法。
- アルデヒドがホルムアルデヒドである、請求項1に記載の方法。
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