JP6076854B2 - 炭化水素油中の水銀の除去方法 - Google Patents
炭化水素油中の水銀の除去方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6076854B2 JP6076854B2 JP2013163731A JP2013163731A JP6076854B2 JP 6076854 B2 JP6076854 B2 JP 6076854B2 JP 2013163731 A JP2013163731 A JP 2013163731A JP 2013163731 A JP2013163731 A JP 2013163731A JP 6076854 B2 JP6076854 B2 JP 6076854B2
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 128
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 122
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 44
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052620 chrysotile Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001649 dickite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052899 lizardite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IBPRKWGSNXMCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;disilicate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IBPRKWGSNXMCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001588 amesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229940100892 mercury compound Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 mercury halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATZBPOVXVPIOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmercury Chemical compound C[Hg]C ATZBPOVXVPIOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002523 mercuric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BABMCXWQNSQAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylmercury chloride Chemical compound C[Hg]Cl BABMCXWQNSQAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003498 natural gas condensate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004454 trace mineral analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001595840 Margarites Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052977 alkali metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- SPIUPAOJDZNUJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylmercury Chemical compound CC[Hg]CC SPIUPAOJDZNUJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052630 margarite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZDHHIJSLJCLMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylmercury(1+);bromide Chemical compound C[Hg]Br ZDHHIJSLJCLMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001737 paragonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052628 phlogopite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052616 serpentine group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0274—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04 characterised by the type of anion
- B01J20/0285—Sulfides of compounds other than those provided for in B01J20/045
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/205—Metal content
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
本発明の対象とする炭化水素油は、イオン性水銀及び/又は有機水銀を含有する、常態において液状の炭化水素油であれば特に制限されるものではない。例えば、天然ガスまたは石油随伴ガスより得られる液体炭化水素、および天然ガスまたは石油随伴ガスより得られる液体炭化水素または原油を常圧蒸留装置にて炭素数5の炭化水素から沸点180℃以下に分留した留分が挙げられる。さらに、天然ガス、エチレンまたはプロピレン等の常温常圧で気体である炭化水素であっても加圧して液化可能なものであれば液化状態で本発明の除去方法を適用できる。
単体水銀を除去し得る吸着剤としては公知の吸着剤を使用することができ、例えば、活性炭(水銀の吸着に適した処理を行った活性炭等)、金属硫化物(硫化金属をアルミナ等に担持したもの等)が挙げられる。
この単体水銀を除去し得る吸着剤は本発明に係る層状珪酸塩鉱物を含有する吸着剤の前段及び/又は後段に配置しても良く、また混合して用いても良い。
撹拌子を入れた100mlスクリュー瓶に単体水銀を一粒入れ、100mlのアルゴンガスでバブリングを行ったノルマルヘキサンを加えた後、気相部をアルゴンガスで置換し、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンのシートで瓶の口を覆いその上から蓋を行った。その後マグネチックスターラーで5日間撹拌を行った。この時のヘキサン中の水銀濃度は500〜1500μg/Lであった。このヘキサン溶液を約5倍のヘキサンで希釈し単体水銀含炭化水素油として実施例および比較例に使用した。希釈後のヘキサン溶液中の水銀濃度は140μg/Lであった。
東ティモールから輸入したPagerunganコンデンセート(水銀含有量:66μg/Lを、ITAS(International Trace Analysis Symposium '90(July 23-27, 1990)会議録3P-40(Akio FURUTA, et al.))に記載の方法を参考に、10μmのメンビュレンフィルターで濾過後、ヘリウムガスにてストリッピングを行い単体水銀を除去し、有機水銀およびイオン性水銀を含有する炭化水素油を調整した。具体的には、1000mlのPagerunganコンデンセートを10μmのメンビュレンフィルターで濾過し、その後蛇管冷却器を付けた二つ口フラスコで、ヘリウムガスを100ml/minで吹き込みながら40℃にて1.5時間バブリングを行った。処理後の炭化水素油中の水銀濃度は45μg/L(有機水銀33μg/L、イオン性水銀12μg/Lであった。
調整された有機水銀およびイオン性水銀を含有する炭化水素油50mlを撹拌子の入った50mlスクリュー瓶に入れ、そこへ層状珪酸塩鉱物であるカオリナイトの粉砕品0.005gを加え撹拌しながら140時間放置した。140時間経過後、炭化水素油を取り出し含有する有機水銀及びイオン性水銀を測定した。
調整された単体水銀を含有する炭化水素油においても同様の操作を行った。
層状珪酸塩鉱物をタルクに変更し実施例1と同様の操作を行った。
層状珪酸塩鉱物をスメクタイトに変更し実施例1と同様の操作を行った。
層状珪酸塩鉱物をモンモリロナイトに変更し実施例1と同様の操作を行った。
層状珪酸塩鉱物を雲母に変更し実施例1と同様の操作を行った。
層状珪酸塩鉱物をイライトに変更し実施例1と同様の操作を行った。
層状珪酸塩鉱物0.005gの代わりに、市販のヤシ殻活性炭0.05gを使用した以外実施例1と同様の操作を行った。
層状珪酸塩鉱物0.005gの代わりに、硫化銅+アルミナ系の吸着剤0.05gを使用した以外実施例1と同様の操作を行った。
実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜4における有機水銀及びイオン性水銀の吸着容量を表1に示す。有機水銀及びイオン性水銀の吸着容量は、実施例1〜4で示される層間電荷がない又は0を超え0.6以下を有する層状珪酸塩鉱物においては350μg/gを超えているのに対して、比較例1〜2で示される層間電荷が0.6を超える層状珪酸塩鉱物においては20μg/g以下と極めて小さい。また、比較例3〜4に示される従来から水銀除去に用いられている市販のヤシ殻活性炭及び金属硫化物(硫化銅+アルミナ)においても比較例1〜2と同様に有機水銀及びイオン性水銀の吸着容量は小さい。
Claims (1)
- 層間電荷が0のリザーダイト、アメサイト、クリソタイル、カオリナイト、ディッカイト、ハロイサイト、タルクおよびパイロフィライトから選択される層状珪酸塩鉱物又は層間電荷が0を超え0.6以下のスメクタイト、サポナイト、ヘクトライトおよびバイデライトから選択される層状珪酸塩鉱物を含有する吸着剤と接触させることを特徴とする炭化水素油中のイオン性水銀及び/又は有機水銀を吸着除去する方法。
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