JP6061949B2 - 糖尿病などの疾患の治療のためのglp−1受容体モジュレーターとして作用する4つの環を含むカルボン酸誘導体 - Google Patents
糖尿病などの疾患の治療のためのglp−1受容体モジュレーターとして作用する4つの環を含むカルボン酸誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6061949B2 JP6061949B2 JP2014546193A JP2014546193A JP6061949B2 JP 6061949 B2 JP6061949 B2 JP 6061949B2 JP 2014546193 A JP2014546193 A JP 2014546193A JP 2014546193 A JP2014546193 A JP 2014546193A JP 6061949 B2 JP6061949 B2 JP 6061949B2
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- butyl
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Classifications
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- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
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- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
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Description
本願に関連する配列表は、紙面によるコピーの代わりにテキスト形式で提供され、これにより上記配列表は、本明細書に参考として援用される。テキストファイルの名称は、Sequence Listing 800059_407WO_SEQUENCE_LISTING.txtを含む。テキストファイルは約1KBであり、2012年12月12日に作成されたものであり、EFS−Webを介して電子書式で提出されている。
本発明は、グルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)受容体に結合する化合物、それらの合成方法、ならびにそれらを治療および/または予防のために使用する方法に関する。本発明は、ペプチドGLP−1(7−36)およびGLP−1(9−36)を含むGLP−1受容体のモジュレーターまたは増強剤として作用するのに適応した化合物、ならびにエキセナチドおよびリラグルチドなどのペプチドベースの治療を対象とする。
グルカゴン様ペプチド1受容体(GLP−1R)は、7回膜貫通Gタンパク質共役受容体のファミリーB1に属し、その天然のアゴニストリガンドは、ペプチドホルモングルカゴン様ペプチド−1(GLP−1)である。GLP−1は、その代替の酵素的切断によってGLP−1のプロホルモン前駆体であるプログルカゴンから生じるペプチドホルモンであり、それは、腸の腸内分泌細胞、膵内分泌部のアルファ細胞(ランゲルハンス島)、および脳に高度に発現する(Kieffer T. J. and Habener、J. F. Endocrin. Rev. 20巻:876〜913頁(1999年);Drucker、D. J.、Endocrinology 142巻:521〜7頁(2001年);Holst、J. J.、Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 18巻:430〜41頁(2002年))。観測されたGLP−1の初期作用は、島のインスリン産生細胞で生じており、そこでグルコース依存性インスリン分泌を刺激する。その後、GLP−1の複数の追加の抗糖尿病誘発性作用には、膵ベータ細胞の増殖刺激およびアポトーシス阻害が含まれることが発見された(Drucker、D. J.、Endocrinology 144巻:5145〜8頁(2003年);Holz、G. G. and Chepurny O. G.、Curr. Med. Chem. 10巻:2471〜83頁(2003年);List、J. F. and Habener、J. F.、Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286巻:E875〜81頁(2004年))。
GLP−1受容体は、活性化されるとGタンパク質のα−サブユニットに共役し、その後アデニル酸シクラーゼを活性化し、cAMPレベルを増大させ、それによってグルコース刺激性のインスリン分泌を増強する。したがって、GLP−1は、血糖を下げる魅力的な治療標的であり、糖尿病性患者の膵β細胞を保存する。グルカゴンは、糖尿病の医療では数十年使用されており、いくつかのグルカゴン様ペプチドが、様々な治療適用のために開発されている。GLP−1類似体および誘導体は、糖尿病に罹患している患者を処置するために開発されている。
本発明は、GLP−1受容体の増強剤またはモジュレーターとして作用するのに適応した化合物;GLP−1受容体活性化によって媒介される異常状態(malcondition)の処置、またはGLP−1受容体のモジュレートもしくは増強が医学的に必要とされる場合などにおいて、これらの化合物を調製する方法および使用する方法を対象とする。
Aは、1個、2個または3個のヘテロ原子を有する5員、6員または7員のヘテロシクリルであり、このようなヘテロ原子は各々、独立にO、NおよびSから選択され、このようなヘテロシクリルの任意の環原子は、R4の1つまたは複数で必要に応じて置換されていてよく、
Bは、アリール、アラルキル、ヘテロシクリルまたはヘテロシクリルアルキルであり、
Cは、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルまたはヘテロシクリルアルキルであり、
Y1およびY2は、共に存在しない(null)か、またはY1もしくはY2の一方は、−NH−もしくは−O−であり、他方のY1もしくはY2は存在せず、
Zは、−C(O)−または−S(O)2−であり、
各R1は、独立に、HまたはC1〜4アルキルであり、
R2は、−OH、−O−R8、−N(R1)−SO2−R8、−NR41R42、−N(R1)−(CRaRb)m−COOH、−N(R1)−(CRaRb)m−CO−N(R1)−ヘテロシクリル、−N(R1)−(CRaRb)m−CO−N(R1)(R7)または−N(R1)−ヘテロシクリルであり、
R3およびR4は各々、独立にH、ハロ、アルキル、R31で置換されているアルキル、アルコキシ、ハロアルキル、ペルハロアルキル、ハロアルコキシ、ペルハロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロシクリル、−OH、−OR8、−CN、−NO2、−NR1R8、−C(O)R8、−C(O)NR1R8、−NR1C(O)R8、−SR8、−S(O)R8、−S(O)2R8、−OS(O)2R8、−S(O)2NR1R8、−NR1S(O)2R8、−(CRaRb)mNR1R8、−(CRaRb)mO(CRaRb)mR8、−(CRaRb)mNR1(CRaRb)mR8もしくは−(CRaRb)mNR1(CRaRb)mCOOHであるか、または同じ炭素原子上の任意の2つのR3もしくはR4基は、一緒になってオキソを形成し、
各R31は、独立にH、ハロ、ヒドロキシル、−NR41R42もしくはアルコキシであり、
各R40は、独立にHもしくはアルキルであり、
R41およびR42は各々、独立にR40もしくは−(CH2)n−COO−R40、−C(O)−R40、アリール、ヘテロアリールであるか、または2つが、それらが結合しているN原子と一緒になって、3〜7員のヘテロシクリルを形成することができ、
W1は、存在しないか、または−L1−(CRaRb)m−L1−R6であり、
各L1は、独立に、式I−RまたはI−Sの構造の近位端から遠位端まで、存在しないか、または−C(O)O−、−S(O2)−、−S−、−N(R1)−C(O)−N(R1)−、−N(R1)−C(O)−O−、−C(O)−もしくは−S(O2)−NR1−であり、
RaおよびRbは各々、独立にH、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルもしくはヘテロシクリルアルキルであり、上記アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルまたはヘテロシクリルアルキルのいずれかは、R7もしくは−(CH2)mC(O)OR40、−(CH2)mOR40、−(CH2)mSR40、−(CH2)mNR41R42、−(CH2)mC(O)NR41R42で必要に応じて(一または多)置換されていてよいか、または任意の2つのRaおよびRbは、それらが結合している炭素と一緒になって、シクロアルキルもしくはヘテロシクリルを形成するか、またはR1と、RaもしくはRbのいずれか1つとが、一緒になってヘテロシクリルを形成し、
R5は、R7、−(CH2)m−L2−(CH2)m−R7または−(−L3−(CRaRb)r−)s−L3−R7であり、
R6は、H、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクロアルキルであり、これらのいずれかは、R7または−(CH2)m−L2−(CH2)m−R7で必要に応じて一置換または多置換されていてよく、
R7は、H、ハロ、アルキル、ハロアルキル、ペルハロアルキル、アルコキシ、−OH、−OR8、−CN、−NR1R8、−(CRaRb)mO(CRaRb)mR8、−NR1(CRaRb)mR8、−C(O)R8、−NR1(CRaRb)mCOOH、−NR1C(O)R8、−C(O)NR1R8、−SR8、−S(O)R8、−S(O)2R8、−S(O)2NR1R8、−NR1S(O)2R8;または、シクロアルキル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルもしくはヘテロシクリルアルキルから選択される環部分であり、このような環部分は、ハロ、−OH、−CN、アルキル、アルコキシ、ハロアルキルもしくはペルハロアルキルで必要に応じて一置換または多置換されており、
各R8は、独立に、H、アルキル、シクロアルキルまたはアリールであり、
L2は、独立に、式I−RまたはI−Sの構造の近位端から遠位端まで、存在しないか、または−O−、−OC(O)−、−NR1−、−C(O)NR1−、−N(R1)−C(O)−、−S(O2)−、−C(O)−もしくは−S(O2)−N(R1)−であり、
各L3は、独立に、存在しないか、または−O−もしくは−N(R1)−であり、
各mは、独立に、0、1、2、3、4、5または6であり、
各nは、独立に、0または1または2であり、
pは、0、1、2または3であり、
qは、0、1、2または3であり、
各rは、独立に、2、3または4であり、
各sは、独立に、1、2、3または4である]。
本発明は、例えば、以下を提供する。
(項目1)
式I−RまたはI−Sの構造を有する化合物、または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、エステル、プロドラッグ、水和物もしくは溶媒和物
[式中、
Aは、1個、2個または3個のヘテロ原子を有する5員、6員または7員のヘテロシクリルであり、このようなヘテロ原子は各々、独立にO、NおよびSから選択され、このようなヘテロシクリルの任意の環原子は、R 4 の1つまたは複数で必要に応じて置換されていてよく、
Bは、アリール、アラルキル、ヘテロシクリルまたはヘテロシクリルアルキルであり、
Cは、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルまたはヘテロシクリルアルキルであり、
Y 1 およびY 2 は、共に存在しないか、またはY 1 もしくはY 2 の一方は、−NH−もしくは−O−であり、他方のY 1 もしくはY 2 は存在せず、
Zは、−C(O)−または−S(O) 2 −であり、
各R 1 は、独立に、HまたはC 1〜4 アルキルであり、
R 2 は、−OH、−O−R 8 、−N(R 1 )−SO 2 −R 8 、−NR 41 R 42 、−N(R 1 )−(CR a R b ) m −COOH、−N(R 1 )−(CR a R b ) m −CO−N(R 1 )−ヘテロシクリル、−N(R 1 )−(CR a R b ) m −CO−N(R 1 )(R 7 )または−N(R 1 )−ヘテロシクリルであり、
R 3 およびR 4 は各々、独立にH、ハロ、アルキル、R 31 で置換されているアルキル、アルコキシ、ハロアルキル、ペルハロアルキル、ハロアルコキシ、ペルハロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロシクリル、−OH、−OR 8 、−CN、−NO 2 、−NR 1 R 8 、−C(O)R 8 、−C(O)NR 1 R 8 、−NR 1 C(O)R 8 、−SR 8 、−S(O)R 8 、−S(O) 2 R 8 、−OS(O) 2 R 8 、−S(O) 2 NR 1 R 8 、−NR 1 S(O) 2 R 8 、−(CR a R b ) m NR 1 R 8 、−(CR a R b ) m O(CR a R b ) m R 8 、−(CR a R b ) m NR 1 (CR a R b ) m R 8 もしくは−(CR a R b ) m NR 1 (CR a R b ) m COOHであるか、
または同じ炭素原子上の任意の2つのR 3 もしくはR 4 基は、一緒になってオキソを形成し、
各R 31 は、独立にH、ハロ、ヒドロキシル、−NR 41 R 42 もしくはアルコキシであり、
各R 40 は、独立にHもしくはアルキルであり、
R 41 およびR 42 は各々、独立にR 40 もしくは−(CH 2 ) n −COO−R 40 、−C(O)−R 40 、アリール、ヘテロアリールであるか、または2つが、それらが結合しているN原子と一緒になって、3〜7員のヘテロシクリルを形成することができ、
W 1 は、存在しないか、または−L 1 −(CR a R b ) m −L 1 −R 6 であり、
各L 1 は、独立に、式I−RまたはI−Sの構造の近位端から遠位端まで、存在しないか、または−C(O)O−、−S(O 2 )−、−S−、−N(R 1 )−C(O)−N(R 1 )−、−N(R 1 )−C(O)−O−、−C(O)−もしくは−S(O 2 )−NR 1 −であり、
R a およびR b は各々、独立にH、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルもしくはヘテロシクリルアルキルであり、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルまたはヘテロシクリルアルキルのいずれかは、R 7 もしくは−(CH 2 ) m C(O)OR 40 、−(CH 2 ) m OR 40 、−(CH 2 ) m SR 40 、−(CH 2 ) m NR 41 R 42 、−(CH 2 ) m C(O)NR 41 R 42 で必要に応じて(一または多)置換されていてよいか、または任意の2つのR a およびR b は、それらが結合している炭素と一緒になって、シクロアルキルもしくはヘテロシクリルを形成するか、またはR 1 と、R a もしくはR b のいずれか1つとが、一緒になってヘテロシクリルを形成し、
R 5 は、R 7 、−(CH 2 ) m −L 2 −(CH 2 ) m −R 7 または−(−L 3 −(CR a R b ) r −) s −L 3 −R 7 であり、
R 6 は、H、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクロアルキルであり、これらのいずれかは、R 7 または−(CH 2 ) m −L 2 −(CH 2 ) m −R 7 で必要に応じて一置換または多置換されていてよく、
R 7 は、H、ハロ、アルキル、ハロアルキル、ペルハロアルキル、アルコキシ、−OH、−OR 8 、−CN、−NR 1 R 8 、−(CR a R b ) m O(CR a R b ) m R 8 、−NR 1 (CR a R b ) m R 8 、−C(O)R 8 、−NR 1 (CR a R b ) m COOH、−NR 1 C(O)R 8 、−C(O)NR 1 R 8 、−SR 8 、−S(O)R 8 、−S(O) 2 R 8 、−S(O) 2 NR 1 R 8 、−NR 1 S(O) 2 R 8 ;または、シクロアルキル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルもしくはヘテロシクリルアルキルから選択される環部分であり、このような環部分は、ハロ、−OH、−CN、アルキル、アルコキシ、ハロアルキルもしくはペルハロアルキルで必要に応じて一置換または多置換されており、
各R 8 は、独立に、H、アルキル、シクロアルキルまたはアリールであり、
L 2 は、独立に、式I−RまたはI−Sの構造の近位端から遠位端まで、存在しないか、または−O−、−OC(O)−、−NR 1 −、−C(O)NR 1 −、−N(R 1 )−C(O)−、−S(O 2 )−、−C(O)−もしくは−S(O 2 )−N(R 1 )−であり、
各L 3 は、独立に、存在しないか、または−O−もしくは−N(R 1 )−であり、
各mは、独立に、0、1、2、3、4、5または6であり、
各nは、独立に、0または1または2であり、
pは、0、1、2または3であり、
qは、0、1、2または3であり、
各rは、独立に、2、3または4であり、
各sは、独立に、1、2、3または4である]。
(項目2)
Y 1 およびY 2 が存在せず、Zが−C(O)−であり、Aが5員または6員のヘテロアリール基である、項目1に記載の化合物。
(項目3)
以下の構造
を有する、項目2に記載の化合物。
(項目4)
Y 1 およびY 2 が存在せず、Zが−C(O)−であり、Aが5員または6員の非芳香族ヘテロシクリル(heterocycyly)基である、項目1に記載の化合物。
(項目5)
以下の構造
を有する、項目4に記載の化合物。
(項目6)
Y 1 およびY 2 が存在せず、Zが−C(O)−であり、Cがアリールである、項目1に記載の化合物。
(項目7)
以下の構造
を有する、項目6に記載の化合物。
(項目8)
Y 1 およびY 2 が存在せず、Zが−C(O)−であり、Cがヘテロシクリルである、項目1に記載の化合物。
(項目9)
以下の構造
を有する、項目8に記載の化合物。
(項目10)
Y 1 およびY 2 が存在せず、Zが−C(O)−であり、Bがアリールまたはアリールアルキルである、項目1に記載の化合物。
(項目11)
以下の構造
を有する、項目10に記載の化合物。
(項目12)
Y 1 およびY 2 が存在せず、Zが−C(O)−であり、Bがヘテロシクリルまたはヘテロシクリルアルキルである、項目1に記載の化合物。
(項目13)
以下の構造
を有する、項目12に記載の化合物。
(項目14)
Y 1 およびY 2 が存在せず、Zが−S(O) 2 −である、項目1に記載の化合物。
(項目15)
以下の構造
を有する、項目14に記載の化合物。
(項目16)
Y 1 が存在せず、Y 2 が−O−であり、Zが−C(O)−である、項目1に記載の化合物。
(項目17)
以下の構造
を有する、項目16に記載の化合物。
(項目18)
Y 1 がNHであり、Y 2 が存在せず、Zが−C(O)−である、項目1に記載の化合物。
(項目19)
以下の構造
を有する、項目18に記載の化合物。
(項目20)
項目1に記載の化合物を、少なくとも1つの薬学的に許容される担体、希釈剤または賦形剤と一緒に含む、薬学的組成物。
(項目21)
項目1に記載の化合物と第2の医薬を含む、薬学的組合せ。
(項目22)
前記第2の医薬が、グルカゴン受容体、GIP受容体、GLP−2受容体もしくはPTH受容体、またはグルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)受容体のアゴニストまたはモジュレーターである、項目21に記載の薬学的組合せ。
(項目23)
前記第2の医薬が、エキセナチド、リラグルチド、タスポグルチド、アルビグルチドまたはリキシセナチドである、項目21に記載の薬学的組合せ。
(項目24)
前記第2の医薬がDPPIV阻害剤である、項目21に記載の薬学的組合せ。
(項目25)
グルカゴン様ペプチド1受容体を活性化するか、増強するか、モジュレートするか、またはそれに対してアゴニスト作用を及ぼす方法であって、前記受容体を、有効量の項目1に記載の化合物または項目20に記載の薬学的組成物または項目22に記載の薬学的組合せと接触させるステップを含む方法。
(項目26)
グルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)受容体の活性化、増強、モジュレートまたはそれに対するアゴニスト作用を必要とする被験体のグルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)受容体を活性化するか、増強するか、モジュレートするか、またはそれに対してアゴニスト作用を及ぼす方法であって、項目1に記載の化合物または項目20に記載の薬学的組成物または項目22に記載の薬学的組合せを、前記被験体に投与するステップを含む方法。
(項目27)
グルカゴン様ペプチド1受容体の活性化、増強、モジュレートまたはそれに対するアゴニスト作用が医学的に必要とされる患者の異常状態を処置する方法であって、前記患者に有益な効果をもたらすのに十分な頻度および期間で、有効量の項目1に記載の化合物を前記患者に投与するステップを含む方法。
(項目28)
前記異常状態が、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、肥満、過剰食欲、満腹感不足または代謝障害である、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目29)
前記異常状態が、I型糖尿病またはII型糖尿病である、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目30)
医薬として使用するための、項目1〜19に記載の化合物または項目20に記載の薬学的組成物。
(項目31)
グルカゴン様ペプチド1受容体の活性化、増強、モジュレートまたはそれに対するアゴニスト作用が医学的に必要とされる患者の異常状態を処置するための、項目1〜19に記載の化合物または項目20に記載の薬学的組成物。
(項目32)
前記異常状態が、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、肥満、過剰食欲、満腹感不足または代謝障害である、項目31に記載の化合物または組成物。
(項目33)
前記異常状態が、I型糖尿病またはII型糖尿病である、項目31に記載の化合物または組成物。
本発明のGLP−1化合物、それらの薬学的に許容される塩または加水分解性エステルは、哺乳動物種、より好ましくはヒトにおける本明細書に記載の生物学的状態または障害を処置するのに有用な薬学的組成物を提供するために、薬学的に許容される担体と組み合わせることができる。これらの薬学的組成物に用いられる特定の担体は、所望の投与タイプ(例えば、静脈内、経口、局所、坐剤または非経口)に応じて変わり得る。
特定の実施形態では、本発明は、アゴニストの挙動で、または活性化因子もしくは増強剤として、高い親和性および特異性によりGLP−1受容体に結合する化合物を包含する。特定の実施形態では、本発明の化合物は、GLP−1受容体の陽性アロステリックモジュレーターとして作用する。
化合物を調製するための一般的合成法
本発明の分子の実施形態は、当業者に公知の標準合成技術を使用して合成することができる。本発明の化合物は、スキーム1〜21に記載の一般的な合成手順を使用して合成することができる。
スキーム10を使用して、他のエナンチオマーを同様の方法で調製することができる。
一般法
NMRスペクトル
質量スペクトル(LCMS)を、5つの系の1つを使用して得た。系1:0.1%ギ酸を含む水を移動相Aとして使用し、0.1%ギ酸を含むアセトニトリルを移動相Bとして使用する、Thompson ODS−A、100A、5μ(50×4.6mm)カラムを備えたAgilent 1100/6110HPLC系。方法1:流速1mL/分で、2.5分間かけて20〜100%移動相B、次に100%で2.5分間維持。方法2:流速1mL/分で、5%移動相Bを1分間、5〜95%を9分間で、次に95%で10分間維持。方法3:流速1mL/分で2.5分間かけて20〜100%移動相B、次に100%で4.5分間維持。系2:0.1%ギ酸を含む水を移動相Aとして使用し、0.1%ギ酸を含むアセトニトリルを移動相Bとして使用する、Agilent Zorbax Extend RRHT 1.8μm(4.6×30mm)カラムを備えたAgilent 1200LCMS。方法4:流速2.5mL/分で3.0分間かけて5〜95%移動相B、次に流速4.5mL/分で、95%で0.5分間維持。方法5:流速2.5mL/分で14分間かけて5〜95%移動相B、次に流速4.5mL/分で、95%で0.5分間維持。系3:0.1%ギ酸を含む水を移動相Aとして使用し、0.1%ギ酸を含むアセトニトリルを移動相Bとして使用する、Agilent Zorbax Extend RRHT 1.8μm(4.6×30mm)カラムを備えたWaters Fractionlynx LCMS系。方法6:流速2.5mL/分で3.0分間かけて5〜95%移動相B、次に流速4.5mL/分で、95%で0.5分間維持。方法7:流速2.5mL/分で14分間かけて5〜95%移動相B、次に流速4.5mL/分で、95%で0.5分間維持。系4:0.1%ギ酸を含む水を移動相Aとして使用し、0.1%ギ酸を含むアセトニトリルを移動相Bとして使用する、Agilent Zorbax Extend RRHT 1.8μm(4.6×30mm)カラムを備えたAgilent 1260LCMS。方法8:流速2.5mL/分で3.0分間かけて5〜95%移動相B、次に流速4.5mL/分で、95%で0.5分間維持。方法9:流速2.5mL/分で14分間かけて5〜95%移動相B、次に流速4.5mL/分で、95%で0.5分間維持。系5:0.1%ギ酸を含む水を移動相Aとして使用し、0.1%ギ酸を含むアセトニトリルを移動相Bとして使用する、Waters Xselect CSH C18 3.5μm(4.6×50mm)カラムを備えたAgilent 1260LCMS。方法10:勾配は、流速2.5mL/分で13.0分間かけて5〜95%移動相B、次に流速4.5mL/分で、95%で1.0分間維持。方法11:勾配は、流速2.5mL/分で3.0分間かけて5〜95%移動相B、次に流速4.5mL/分で、95%で0.6分間維持。
上記手順で使用したピリジン、ジクロロメタン(DCM)、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)およびトルエンは、Aldrich Sure−SealボトルまたはAcros AcroSeal乾燥溶媒に由来するものであり、窒素(N2)下で保管した。すべての反応物を磁気により撹拌し、温度は外部反応温度である。塩を形成できる(salt−able)中心を有する化合物を、トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)塩であると推定した。以下の略語を使用した。酢酸エチル(EA)、1−メチル(methy)−2−ピロリジノン(NMP)、トリエチルアミン(TEA)、N−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール(HOBt)、1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩(EDC)、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルアセトアミド(DMA)、ジ−tert−ブチルジカーボネート(Boc2O)、N,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(DIEA)、酢酸(AcOH)、塩酸(HCl)、O−(7−アザベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル)−N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(HATU)、4−ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)、tert−ブタノール(t−BuOH)、水素化ナトリウム(NaH)、トリアセトキシ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(Na(OAc)3BH)、エタノール(EtOH)、メタノール(MeOH)、アセトニトリル(ACN)。
Redisep(Teledyne Isco)、Telos(Kinesis)またはGraceResolv(Grace Davison Discovery Sciences)シリカゲル(SiO2)カラムを備えたCombiflash Rfフラッシュ精製系(Teledyne Isco)を使用して、クロマトグラフィーを実施した。分取HPLC精製を、以下の2つの系の一方を使用して実施した。系1:0.05%トリフルオロ酢酸を含有する水を移動相Aとして使用し、0.05%トリフルオロ酢酸を含むアセトニトリルを移動相Bとして使用する、Waters SunFire Prep C18 OBD、5μm(19×150mm)カラムを備えたVarian ProStar/PrepStar系。勾配は、流速18mL/分で10分間かけて40〜95%移動相B、95%で5〜10分間維持、次に40%に戻して2分間。Varian Prostarフラクションコレクターを使用して254nmのUV検出によって画分を収集し、Savant SpeedVac Plus真空ポンプまたはGenevac EZ−2を使用して蒸発させた。系2:0.1%ギ酸を含有する水を移動相Aとして使用し、0.1%ギ酸を含むアセトニトリルを移動相Bとして使用する、Agilent Prep−C18、5μm(21.2×50mm)カラムを備えたWaters Fractionlynx系。勾配は、流速28mL/分で7.5分間かけて45〜95%移動相B、95%で1分間維持し、次に45%に戻して1.5分間。254nmのUV検出または質量検出によって画分を収集し、Genevac EZ−2を使用して蒸発させた。
Diacel Chiralpak IA、4.6×250mmカラム、粒径5μmで分離されたピークの積分によって、エナンチオマー過剰を求めた。使用した溶媒は「溶媒A」: 4:1の(0.2%TFAを含むヘキサン):DCM、および「溶媒B」: EtOHであった。以下の勾配を用いながら、流速を1.0mL/分に維持した。溶媒Bを30分間かけて2%から10%に増加させ、溶媒Bを10%で15分間維持した。
一般手順
一般手順1:ニトリルの調製
乾燥NMP中の臭化物またはトリフレート(1当量)、シアン化亜鉛(2当量)およびテトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(1〜5mol%)の撹拌した溶液(0.5〜1M)を、N2で脱気した。反応物を、N2下で撹拌しながら、100℃で18時間加熱した。反応混合物を冷却し、水およびDCMに注いだ。固体材料を濾過によって除去し、濾液を水で抽出した。有機層をMgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。粗生成物をクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。
EtOH中のニトリル(1当量)の撹拌溶液に、ヒドロキシルアミン(H2O中50%溶液、5当量)およびTEA(1.1当量)を添加した。混合物を80〜85℃で2〜12時間加熱し、次に濃縮した。得られた固体をEAに溶解させ、水で洗浄し、次にNa2SO4で乾燥させ、濃縮し、さらなる精製なしに使用した。あるいは、DMFまたはEtOH中のニトリル(1当量)およびTEA(2〜3当量)の撹拌溶液に、ヒドロキシルアミン塩酸塩(2〜3当量)を添加した。混合物を室温から最大80℃で最長24時間撹拌し、次に濃縮した。得られた固体をEAまたはDCMに溶解させ、水またはブラインで洗浄し、次にNa2SO4で乾燥させ、濃縮し、さらなる精製なしに使用した。
アミン(1当量)および塩基(DIEAまたはTEA)(2〜3当量)のDCM溶液(0.06〜0.30M)を、適切な酸塩化物(1.0〜1.5当量)で処理した。反応が完了するまで、反応混合物を撹拌した。反応物をDCMで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液で洗浄した。有機層をMgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。生成物をクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。あるいは、粗製反応混合物は、さらなる精製なしに次のステップに持ち越され得る。
THFまたはジオキサンおよび水中のエステル(1当量)の撹拌溶液に、NaOHまたはLiOH(1〜3当量)を添加した。反応混合物を最大60℃で最長18時間撹拌した。反応混合物をAcOHまたはHClで中和し、水で希釈するか、または濃縮した。反応混合物を水で希釈した場合には、次にHClを添加して、反応混合物を約pH2の酸性にした。得られた沈殿物を濾過によって単離して生成物を得、それをクロマトグラフィー、分取HPLCによって精製することができるか、または精製なしに使用することができる。反応混合物を濃縮した場合には、粗製材料をDCMまたはEAで希釈し、ブラインで洗浄した。有機層を濃縮し、クロマトグラフィーまたは分取HPLCによって精製して、最終生成物を得た。あるいは、粗製材料を精製なしにその後に持ち越すことができる。
酸によるオキサジアゾール
酸(1当量)のDMF溶液に、HOBt(2当量)およびEDC(2当量)を添加した。2時間撹拌した後、アミドオキシム(2当量)を添加し、混合物を室温で最長12時間撹拌した。次に、反応混合物を100℃に最長12時間加熱した。あるいは、室温で撹拌した後、反応混合物をDCMで希釈し、NaHCO3で洗浄し、次にNa2SO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。得られた残渣をEtOHに溶解させ、マイクロ波中110℃で35分間加熱した。溶媒を除去し、最終生成物を分取HPLCによって精製した。
カルバミン酸tert−ブチル(1当量)のDCM溶液(0.06M)をTFA(0.16〜0.33M)で処理した。反応が完了するまで、反応混合物を室温または30℃で撹拌した。溶媒を除去し、生成物をクロマトグラフィーまたは分取HPLCによって精製した。
DCMまたはDMF中のアミン(1.0当量)および塩基(DIEA、TEAまたはNMM)(0〜3.0当量)の溶液(0.08〜0.10M)を、適切なカルボン酸(1.0〜1.5当量)で処理した。この混合物に、カップリング試薬を添加した。カップリング試薬は、HATU(1.05〜2.5当量)、EDC(1.5当量)とHOBt(1.5当量)、DCC(1.1当量)とHOBt(1.1当量)、またはDCC(1.5当量)とDMAP(2.0当量)であってよい。反応が完了するまで、反応混合物を撹拌した。反応物をEAで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液で洗浄した。有機層をMgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。生成物を、クロマトグラフィーによって精製したか、あるいはさらなる精製なしに次のステップに持ち越すことができる。
tert−ブチルエステルまたはBoc−アミン(1.00当量)のDCM溶液(0.06M)を、TFA(0.16〜0.33M)で処理した。反応が完了するまで、反応混合物を室温または30℃で撹拌した。溶媒を除去し、生成物をクロマトグラフィーまたは分取HPLCによって精製した。
フェノール(1.0当量)のDCM溶液(0.25M)を、1,1−トリフルオロ−N−フェニル−N−((トリフルオロメチル)スルホニル)メタンスルホンアミド(1.1当量)で処理した。反応が完了するまで、反応混合物を室温で撹拌した。反応物を水および飽和NaHCO3水溶液と共に撹拌した。有機層を乾燥させ、濃縮した。材料をクロマトグラフィーによって精製するか、あるいは精製なしに使用した。
ボロン酸またはボロン酸エステル(1.0〜1.3当量)、ハライド(1.0〜1.3当量)、重炭酸ナトリウムまたは炭酸ナトリウム十水和物(2.0〜2.5当量)およびPd(dppf)Cl2の溶液を、THF、アセトニトリルまたはジオキサン(0.1〜0.2M)および水(0.25〜0.50M)中で合わせた。反応が完了するまで、反応物を80〜100℃で加熱した。反応物をEAで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液で洗浄した。有機層をMgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。生成物を、クロマトグラフィー、分取HPLCによって精製することができるか、またはさらなる精製なしに次のステップに持ち越すことができる。
ジオキサンまたはTHF中の臭化アリールまたはトリフレート(1.00当量)、ナトリウムtert−ブトキシドまたは炭酸セシウム(1〜2当量)およびアミン(1.0〜1.5当量)の溶液(0.05M)を、N2気泡を使用して10分間脱気した。Pd2(dba)3(0.10当量)および2−ジシクロヘキシルホスフィノ−2’−(N,N−ジメチルアミノ)ビフェニル(0.15当量)を添加し、反応混合物を、マイクロ波反応器中100〜120℃で45〜60分間、または従来の加熱により最大80℃で最長18時間加熱した。反応物をEAで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液で洗浄した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。生成物を、クロマトグラフィー、分取HPLCによって精製することができるか、またはさらなる精製なしに次のステップに持ち越すことができる。
DMF、アセトンまたはACN中のフェノール性中間体の溶液(0.1M)に、適切なブロモアルカン(1.5当量)およびCsCO3(1.5〜2.0当量)またはK2CO3(1.5〜2.0当量)を添加した。反応混合物を40〜70℃で18時間加熱し、次にDCMで希釈し、H2Oで洗浄した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。生成物を、クロマトグラフィー、分取HPLCによって精製することができるか、またはさらなる精製なしに次のステップに持ち越すことができる。
アルコールまたはアミンのDCM溶液(0.02M)に、塩化スルホニル(2当量)およびトリエチルアミン(3当量)を添加した。反応が完了するまで、反応物を室温で撹拌した。反応物をDCMで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液で洗浄した。有機層をMgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。生成物を、クロマトグラフィー、分取HPLCによって精製することができるか、またはさらなる精製なしに次のステップに持ち越すことができる。
N2でパージしたTHF中のアリールニトロ(1当量)の溶液に、撹拌しながら、パラジウム炭素を添加した。反応混合物をH2雰囲気に最長4時間暴露した。反応混合物をセライトパッドで濾過することができ、溶媒を濃縮することができる。粗製材料をさらなる精製なしにその後に持ち越した。
DCMまたは1,2−ジクロロエタンまたはTHF中のアルデヒドまたはケトン(0.9〜1.0当量)の撹拌溶液に、アミン(0.9〜1.1当量)を添加した。室温で最長2時間撹拌した後、一滴の酢酸(任意選択)を添加し、その後、トリアセトキシ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(1.5〜2.0当量)を添加し、反応混合物を一晩撹拌した。ある場合には、反応混合物を濾過し、再度溶解させ、追加の還元剤を添加して反応を完了させる必要がある。粗製反応混合物をNaHCO3でクエンチし、5分間撹拌した。水層をDCMで抽出し、有機層をMgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。最終生成物をクロマトグラフィーによって単離した。
57%ヨウ化水素水溶液(1mL)中の2−クロロピリミジン(1当量)の撹拌溶液に、ヨウ化ナトリウム(2当量)を添加した。出発材料が消費されるまで、反応混合物を周囲温度で撹拌した。反応混合物をNaHCO3(5mL)でクエンチし、次にEA(3×5mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(10mL)で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。粗生成物を、精製なしにその後のステップで使用した。
アセトニトリル(2mL)中の2−クロロピリジン(1当量)の撹拌溶液に、ヨウ化ナトリウム(6当量)を添加した。反応混合物を40℃に加熱し、塩化アセチル(0.6当量)を添加した。出発材料が消費されるまで、反応混合物を撹拌した。反応物をNaHCO3(5mL)でクエンチし、EA(3×5mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(10mL)で洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。粗生成物を、精製なしにその後のステップで使用した。
代表的な化合物の合成
4−(ヘプチルオキシ)ベンゾニトリル
(Z)−4−(ヘプチルオキシ)−N’−ヒドロキシベンズイミドアミド
(S)−4−(2−アミノ−3−メトキシ−3−オキソプロピル)安息香酸メチル
(S)−4−(2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−メトキシ−3−オキソプロピル)安息香酸メチル
(S)−4−(2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−メトキシ−3−オキソプロピル)安息香酸(INT−1)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(3−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−5−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(3−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−5−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物1)
(S)−2−アミノ−3−(4−シアノフェニル)プロパン酸メチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−シアノフェニル)プロパン酸メチル
(S,Z)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(N’−ヒドロキシカルバミミドイル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル(INT−2)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−3−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−3−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物2)
(S)−2−(2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−3−イル)フェニル)プロパンアミド)酢酸(化合物67)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(2−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)ベンゾイル)ヒドラジン−カルボニル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル(INT−3)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾール−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
2−ブロモ−1−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)エタノン(INT−4)
(S)−4−(2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−メトキシ−3−オキソプロピル)安息香酸2−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−2−オキソエチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(4−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)オキサゾール−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
4−(ヘプチルオキシ)安息香酸2−(4−ブロモフェニル)−2−オキソエチル
4−(4−ブロモフェニル)−2−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)オキサゾール
(S)−2−((tert−ブトキシカルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(2−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)オキサゾール−4−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
2−(4−ブロモフェニル)−4−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)チアゾール
(S)−2−((tert−ブトキシカルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(4−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)チアゾール−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
4−(ヘプチルオキシ)ベンゾチオアミド
4−(4−ブロモフェニル)−2−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)チアゾール
(S)−2−((tert−ブトキシカルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(2−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)チアゾール−4−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)チアゾール−2−イル)ベンズアルデヒド
2−((tert−ブトキシカルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)チアゾール−2−イル)フェニル)アクリル酸メチル
2−((tert−ブトキシカルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)チアゾール−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1,3,4−チアジアゾール−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
(S)−2−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(((トリフルオロメチル)スルホニル)オキシ)−フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−5)
(S)−2−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−6)
(S)−2−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(5−ブロモピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−7)
(S)−2−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(5−(4−ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−8)
(S)−2−アミノ−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−9)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物85)
(S)−2−(((ベンジルオキシ)カルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(5−(4−(tert−ブチル)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−10)
(S)−2−アミノ−3−(4−(5−(4−(tert−ブチル)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−11)
(S)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物192)
(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンゾイル)−L−チロシンtert−ブチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(((トリフルオロメチル)スルホニル)オキシ)フェニルプロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−12)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−13)
(S)−3−(4−(5−ブロモピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−14)
(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボニル)−L−チロシンtert−ブチル
(S)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)−3−(4−(((トリフルオロメチル)スルホニル)オキシ)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−15)
(S)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)−3−(4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−16)
(S)−3−(4−(5−ブロモピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−17)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−シアノピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−プロパン酸tert−ブチル(INT−18)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(N−ヒドロキシカルバミミドイル)−ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(5−ヘキシル−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−3−イル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル(化合物248)
(S)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル
(S)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(デシルオキシ)フェニル)−ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物249)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(tert−ブチル)ピペリジン−1−イル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物253)
(S)−3−(4−(5−(2H−テトラゾール−5−イル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)−ベンズアミド)プロパン酸tert−ブチル
4−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−3−オキソピペラジン−1−カルボン酸tert−ブチル
1−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピペラジン−2−オン
4−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−4−ヒドロキシピペリジン−1−カルボン酸tert−ブチル
4−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピペリジン(INT−19)
3−(4−ブロモフェニル)−6−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1,2,4−トリアジン(INT−20)
6−(4−ブロモフェニル)−3−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1,2,4−トリアジン(INT−21)
2−(4−ブロモフェニル)−5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1H−イミダゾール
2−(4−ブロモフェニル)−5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1−((2−(トリメチルシリル)エトキシ)メチル)−1H−イミダゾール
(S)−2−((tert−ブトキシカルボニル)アミノ)−3−(4−(4−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1−((2−トリメチルシリル)エトキシ)メチル)−1H−イミダゾール−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸メチル
(S)−2−アミノ−3−(4−(4−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1H−イミダゾール−2−イル)フェニル)−プロパン酸メチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(4−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1H−イミダゾール−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸塩酸塩(化合物286)
4−ブロモ−1−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1H−イミダゾール
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(1−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物287)
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(1−(4’−メチル−[1,1’−ビフェニル]−4−イル)−1H−ピラゾール−4−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物288)
2−(4−ブロモフェニル)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)酢酸メチル
2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)−2−(4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)フェニル)酢酸メチル
2−(4−(5−ブロモピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)酢酸
(S)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物289)
(S)−N−(1−アミノ−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−1−オキソプロパン−2−イル)−4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド
(S)−3−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−4−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)ブタン酸メチル
(S)−3−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−4−(4−(((トリフルオロメチル)スルホニル)オキシ)−フェニル)ブタン酸メチル
(S)−3−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−4−(4−(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)フェニル)ブタン酸メチル
(S)−4−(4−(5−ブロモピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−3−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)ブタン酸メチル
(S)−3−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−4−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)ブタン酸(化合物291)
5−ブロモ−2−クロロ−4−メトキシピリミジン
5−ブロモ−2−ヨード−4−メトキシピリミジン
(S)−3−(4−(5−ブロモ−4−メトキシピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)プロパン酸tert−ブチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−4−メトキシピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸tert−ブチル
(S)−2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)−4−メトキシピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパン酸(化合物292)
5−ブロモ−2−ヨード−4−(トリフルオロメチル)ピリジン
(S)−(2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパノイル)グリシン(化合物297)
(S)−3−(2−(4−(tert−ブチル)ベンズアミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパンアミド)プロパン酸(化合物298)
(S)−4−(tert−ブチル)−N−(3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)−1−(メチルスルホンアミド)−1−オキソプロパン−2−イル)ベンズアミド(化合物299)
(S)−(2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパノイル)グリシン(化合物319)
((S)−2−(5−(tert−ブチル)チオフェン−2−カルボキサミド)−3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル)プロパノイル)−L−グルタミン(化合物320)
(S)−4−(tert−ブチル)−N−(3−(4−(5−(4−(ヘプチルオキシ)フェニル)ピリミジン−2−イル)フェニル−1−((2−(メチルスルホンアミド)−2−オキソエチル)アミノ)−1−オキソプロパン−2−イル)ベンズアミド(化合物381)
アッセイ手順
GLP−1 PAMシフトcAMPアッセイ:固定濃度の化合物の存在下でのペプチドリガンドの用量反応
GLP−1Rを発現するCRE−blaCHO−K1細胞系を、Invitrogenから購入した。細胞を、384ウェル白色平底プレートに、細胞5000個/ウェル/20μL増殖培地(DMEM−高グルコース、10%透析処理済みFBS、0.1mMのNEAA、25mMのHepes、100U/mLのペニシリン/100μg/mLのストレプトマイシン、5μg/mLのブラスチサイジン、600μg/mLのハイグロマイシン)で播種し、5%CO2中37℃で18時間インキュベートした。増殖培地をアッセイバッファー12μL(ハンクス平衡塩溶液、10mMのHepes、0.1%BSA、pH7.4)で置き換えた。5×ペプチド用量反応曲線(12点)を、1.5mMのIBMX、12.5%DMSOおよび50μM化合物を含有するアッセイバッファーで得た。ペプチドリガンドはGLP−1(9−36)であった。5×ペプチド用量反応物と化合物ミックスを添加し(3μL)、細胞を37℃で30分間インキュベートした。cAMPの直接検出を、製造者の指示に従ってDiscoveRx HitHunter cAMPキットを使用して実施し、SpectraMaxM5プレートリーダーを使用してルミネッセンスを読み取った。ルミネッセンスを非線形回帰によって分析して、EC50およびEmaxを決定した。GLP−1(7−36)用量反応物を含めて、最大効率値を決定した。
増殖培地(DMEM−高グルコース、10%透析処理済みFBS、0.1mMのNEAA、25mMのHepes、100U/mLのペニシリン/100μg/mLのストレプトマイシン、5μg/mLのブラスチサイジン、600μg/mLのハイグロマイシン)で培養したGLP−1R CRE−blaCHO−K1細胞を、トリプシン処理し、384ウェル白色平底プレートに、12μLアッセイバッファー中細胞5000個/ウェル(ハンクス平衡塩溶液、10mMのHepes、0.1%BSA、pH7.4)で、懸濁状態で蒔いた。5×化合物用量反応曲線(12点)を、1.5mMのIBMX、12.5%DMSOを含有するアッセイバッファーで得た。GLP−1(9−36)を、1.5mMのIBMXおよび12.5%DMSOを含有するアッセイバッファー中4.2μMに希釈した。5×化合物用量反応物を添加し(3μL)、その後GLP−1(9−36)0.5μLを添加し、細胞を37℃で30分間インキュベートした。cAMPの直接検出を、製造者の指示に従ってDiscoveRx HitHunter cAMPキットを使用して実施し、SpectraMaxM5プレートリーダーを使用してルミネッセンスを読み取った。ルミネッセンスを、cAMP標準曲線を使用して全cAMPに転換し、データを非線形回帰によって分析して、EC50およびEmaxを決定した。
GLP−1(7−36)(配列番号2):HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR−NH2。GLP−1(9−36)(配列番号3):EGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR−NH2。GLP−1(7−36)はGenScriptから購入した。GLP−1(9−36)はBiopeptide Co.,Inc.から購入した。
選択されたGLP−1モジュレーターの活性データを、表2に示す。EC20のGLP−1(9−36)PAM活性範囲を、以下の通り示す。+は、活性<0.8μMを示し、++は、0.8〜2.5μMの活性を示し、+++は、2.5〜5μMの活性を示し、++++は、5〜10μMの活性を示す。
インビボ手順
C57Bl/6マウスによる経口耐糖能試験
グルコースを下げるためのこれらの化合物の使用を、経口耐糖能試験(oGTT)を使用してマウスで評価することができる。プロトコルは、Duezら(Endocrinology、2009年1月、150巻(1号):56〜62頁)に記載されている。C57BL/6雄性マウスを、絶えずカニューレ処置する。5日間の回復期間が経過した後、マウスを4時間絶食させる。ベースライン血液試料を収集した後、生理食塩水もしくはエキセンディン−4をivでボーラス投与するか、または化合物を投与する。その直後、マウスに、強制経口投与によってグルコース(1.5g/kg)をボーラス投与する(0時間目)。グルコース測定(BD血糖値計(glucometer);Becton−Dickinson、NJ州リンカーンパーク)のために、血液試料を、尾端から頻繁な時間間隔で収集する。血漿インスリンを決定するために、グルコース投与の5分後に尾静脈から血液試料を取り出す。
グルコースを下げるためのこれらの化合物の使用を、経口耐糖能試験(oGTT)を使用してラットで評価することができる。プロトコルは、Pedersonら(Diabetes、47巻、1998年8月、1253〜1258頁)に記載されている。細身または肥満の動物を一晩絶食させた後、経口グルコースをシリンジおよび栄養管(1g/kg)によって40%溶液(wt/vol)として投与する。化合物をグルコースと一緒に溶解させ、投与する。対照実験では、ビヒクルを経口グルコースと一緒に投与する。グルコースを投与して0および5、10、20、30および60分後に、意識無拘束のラットの尾静脈から血液試料を収集して、ヘパリン処置した毛細管チューブに入れる。血液試料を4℃で遠心分離処理し、グルコースおよびインスリン測定のために分析するまで、血漿を−20℃で保存する。グルコースオキシダーゼ手順(Beckmanグルコース分析器;CA州フラートン)を使用して、グルコースレベルを測定する。
Claims (18)
- 式I−RまたはI−Sの構造を有する化合物、または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物
[式中、
Aは、1個、2個または3個のヘテロ原子を有する5員、6員または7員のヘテロアリールであり、このようなヘテロ原子は各々、独立にO、NおよびSから選択され、このようなヘテロアリールの任意の環原子は、R4の1つまたは複数で必要に応じて置換されていてよく、
Bは、ヘテロシクリルまたはヘテロシクリルアルキルであり、
Cは、アリールまたはアリールアルキルであり、
Y1およびY2は、共に存在せず、
Zは、−C(O)−であり、
各R1は、独立に、HまたはC1〜4アルキルであり、
R2は、−O−R8、−N(R1)−SO2−R8、−NR41R42、−N(R1)−(CRaRb)m−COOH、−N(R1)−(CRaRb)m−CO−N(R1)−ヘテロシクリル、−N(R1)−(CRaRb)m−CO−N(R1)(R7)または−N(R1)−ヘテロシクリルであり、ここで、R 2 は、−OHでも−NH 2 でもなく、
R3およびR4は各々、独立にH、ハロ、アルキル、R31で置換されているアルキル、アルコキシ、ハロアルキル、ペルハロアルキル、ハロアルコキシ、ペルハロアルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロシクリル、−OH、−OR8、−CN、−NO2、−NR1R8、−C(O)R8、−C(O)NR1R8、−NR1C(O)R8、−SR8、−S(O)R8、−S(O)2R8、−OS(O)2R8、−S(O)2NR1R8、−NR1S(O)2R8、−(CRaRb)mNR1R8、−(CRaRb)mO(CRaRb)mR8、−(CRaRb)mNR1(CRaRb)mR8もしくは−(CRaRb)mNR1(CRaRb)mCOOHであるか、
または同じ炭素原子上の任意の2つのR3もしくはR4基は、一緒になってオキソを形成し、
各R31は、独立にH、ハロ、ヒドロキシル、−NR41R42もしくはアルコキシであり、
各R40は、独立にHもしくはアルキルであり、
R41およびR42は各々、独立にR40もしくは−(CH2)n−COO−R40、−C(O)−R40、アリール、ヘテロアリールであるか、または2つが、それらが結合しているN原子と一緒になって、3〜7員のヘテロシクリルを形成することができ、
W1は、存在しないか、または−L1−(CRaRb)m−L1−R6であり、
各L1は、独立に、−C(O)O−、−S(O2)−、−S−、−N(R1)−C(O)−N(R1)−、−N(R1)−C(O)−O−、−C(O)−もしくは−S(O2)−NR1−であり、
RaおよびRbは各々、独立にH、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルもしくはヘテロシクリルアルキルであり、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルまたはヘテロシクリルアルキルのいずれかは、R7もしくは−(CH2)mC(O)OR40、−(CH2)mOR40、−(CH2)mSR40、−(CH2)mNR41R42、−(CH2)mC(O)NR41R42で必要に応じて(一または多)置換されていてよいか、または任意の2つのRaおよびRbは、それらが結合している炭素と一緒になって、シクロアルキルもしくはヘテロシクリルを形成するか、またはR1と、RaもしくはRbのいずれか1つとが、一緒になってヘテロシクリルを形成し、
R5は、R7、−(CH2)m−L2−(CH2)m−R7または−(−L3−(CRaRb)r−)s−L3−R7であり、
R6は、H、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクロアルキルであり、これらのいずれかは、R7または−(CH2)m−L2−(CH2)m−R7で必要に応じて一置換または多置換されていてよく、
R7は、H、ハロ、アルキル、ハロアルキル、ペルハロアルキル、アルコキシ、−OH、−OR8、−CN、−NR1R8、−(CRaRb)mO(CRaRb)mR8、−NR1(CRaRb)mR8、−C(O)R8、−NR1(CRaRb)mCOOH、−NR1C(O)R8、−C(O)NR1R8、−SR8、−S(O)R8、−S(O)2R8、−S(O)2NR1R8、−NR1S(O)2R8;または、シクロアルキル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクリルもしくはヘテロシクリルアルキルから選択される環部分であり、このような環部分は、ハロ、−OH、−CN、アルキル、アルコキシ、ハロアルキルもしくはペルハロアルキルで必要に応じて一置換または多置換されており、
各R8は、独立に、H、アルキル、シクロアルキルまたはアリールであり、
L2は、独立に、存在しないか、または−O−、−OC(O)−、−NR1−、−C(O)NR1−、−N(R1)−C(O)−、−S(O2)−、−C(O)−もしくは−S(O2)−N(R1)−であり、
各L3は、独立に、存在しないか、または−O−もしくは−N(R1)−であり、
各mは、独立に、0、1、2、3、4、5または6であり、
各nは、独立に、0または1または2であり、
pは、0、1、2または3であり、
qは、0、1、2または3であり、
各rは、独立に、2、3または4であり、
各sは、独立に、1、2、3または4である]。 - Aが5員または6員のヘテロアリール基である、請求項1に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物。
- Cがアリールである、請求項1に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物。
- Bがヘテロシクリルである、請求項1に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物を、少なくとも1つの薬学的に許容される担体、希釈剤または賦形剤と一緒に含む、薬学的組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物と第2の医薬を含む、薬学的組合せ物。
- グルカゴン様ペプチド1受容体を活性化するか、増強するか、モジュレートするか、またはそれに対してアゴニスト作用を及ぼすための、有効量の請求項1に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物を含む組成物または請求項8に記載の薬学的組成物。
- グルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)受容体の活性化、増強、モジュレートまたはそれに対するアゴニスト作用を必要とする被験体のグルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)受容体を活性化するか、増強するか、モジュレートするか、またはそれに対してアゴニスト作用を及ぼすための、請求項1に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物を含む組成物または請求項8に記載の薬学的組成物。
- グルカゴン様ペプチド1受容体の活性化、増強、モジュレートまたはそれに対するアゴニスト作用が医学的に必要とされる患者の異常状態を処置するための組成物であって、前記組成物は前記患者に有益な効果をもたらすのに十分な頻度および期間で投与されることを特徴とする、有効量の請求項1に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物を含む組成物。
- 前記異常状態が、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、肥満、過剰食欲、満腹感不足または代謝障害である、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記異常状態が、I型糖尿病またはII型糖尿病である、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 医薬として使用するための、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物を含む組成物または請求項8に記載の薬学的組成物。
- グルカゴン様ペプチド1受容体の活性化、増強、モジュレートまたはそれに対するアゴニスト作用が医学的に必要とされる患者の異常状態を処置するための、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその異性体、エナンチオマー、ラセミ体、塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物を含む組成物または請求項8に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記異常状態が、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、肥満、過剰食欲、満腹感不足または代謝障害である、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 前記異常状態が、I型糖尿病またはII型糖尿病である、請求項16に記載の組成物。
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JP2016528180A (ja) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-09-15 | レセプトス, インコーポレイテッド | 新規なglp−1レセプターモジュレーター |
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US20130178420A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
ES2836973T3 (es) | 2021-06-28 |
WO2013090454A2 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
CA2857197C (en) | 2019-11-26 |
US20150038416A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
AU2012352349B2 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
CN104080767A (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
CA2857197A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
WO2013090454A3 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
US8778923B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
NZ626122A (en) | 2016-10-28 |
JP2015505842A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
KR20140107340A (ko) | 2014-09-04 |
MX365923B (es) | 2019-06-20 |
EP2791112B1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
HK1202864A1 (en) | 2015-10-09 |
RU2634896C2 (ru) | 2017-11-08 |
MX2014006622A (es) | 2014-09-22 |
HK1202119A1 (en) | 2015-09-18 |
EP2791112A2 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
US9187522B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
AU2012352349A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
BR112014013925A2 (pt) | 2018-05-15 |
RU2014128522A (ru) | 2016-02-10 |
BR112014013925B1 (pt) | 2022-02-22 |
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