JP6018069B2 - 血友病bを治療する方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
血友病bを治療する方法及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、遺伝子改変と血友病治療の分野に関する。
本出願は、2010年10月12日に出願されたアメリカ合衆国仮出願第61/392,333号の恩恵を主張するものであり、その開示内容の全体が参考としてこの明細書に組み込まれている。
適用されず。
血友病Bは血液凝固系の遺伝子異常であり、関節と軟組織への出血と、けがをした部位または実施中の外科手術の部位への過剰な出血を特徴とする。血友病Bは臨床的には血友病Aと区別できないが、血友病AではVIII因子(FVIII)が不足するか存在しておらず、血友病Bの患者ではIX因子(FIXまたはF.IX)が不足するか存在していない。IX因子は凝固系に関与するセリンプロテアーゼの1つをコードしており、野生型IX因子タンパク質の正常な循環レベルの3%を回復するだけで自発的な出血を阻止できることがわかっている。
しかし血友病Bの患者を治療する別の組成物と方法が相変わらず必要とされている。
この明細書には、血友病Bを治療するため、機能するFIXタンパク質をコードする配列を標的組み込みするための方法と組成物が開示されている。特に、この方法は、この病気を改善するため、機能するFIXタンパク質をコードする配列の標的組み込みを媒介するヌクレアーゼを細胞のゲノムに投与する操作を含んでいる。
(i)DNA結合ドメインが、5つのジンクフィンガー認識領域を含んでいるときには、F1〜F5は、以下のアミノ酸配列、すなわち
F1:QSGDLTR(配列ID番号4)
F2:RSDVLSE(配列ID番号5)
F3:DRSNRIK(配列ID番号6)
F4:RSDNLSE(配列ID番号7)
F5:QNATRIN(配列ID番号8)を含み;
(ii)DNA結合ドメインが、4つのジンクフィンガー認識領域を含んでいるときには、F1〜F4は、以下のアミノ酸配列、すなわち
Fl:RSDSLSV(配列ID番号10)
F2:TSGHLSR(配列ID番号11)
F3:RSDHLSQ(配列ID番号12)
F4:HASTRHC(配列ID番号13)を含むタンパク質。
本明細書で開示する方法の実践、ならびに組成物の調製及び使用は、別段示さない限り、分子生物学、生化学、クロマチン構造および分析、計算化学、細胞培養、組み換えDNA、および関連分野における従来の技術を、当該分野の技術範囲内であるものとして使用する。これらの技術は、文献に詳細に説明されている。例えば、Sambrookら、MOLECULAR CLONING:A LABORATORY MANUAL,第2版,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1989および第3版,2001、Ausubelら、CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,John Wiley&Sons,New York,1987および定期改訂版、METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGYシリーズ,Academic Press,San Diego、Wolffe,CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION,第3版,Academic Press,San Diego,1998、METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY,Vol.304,「Chromatin」(P.M.WassarmanおよびA.P.Wolffe,編集),Academic Press,San Diego,1999、ならびにMETHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,Vol.119,「Chromatin Protocols」(P.B.Becker,編集)Humana Press,Totowa,1999を参照のこと。
用語「核酸」、「ポリヌクレオチド」、および「オリゴヌクレオチド」は、互換的に使用され、線状または環状の高次構造で、一本鎖または二本鎖形態の、デオキシリボヌクレオチドまたはリボヌクレオチドポリマーを指す。本開示の目的に関しては、これらの用語をポリマーの長さに関する限定と解釈すべきではない。この用語は、天然ヌクレオチドの公知のアナログ、ならびに塩基、糖、および/またはリン酸部分(例えば、ホスホロチオエート主鎖)内で改変されるヌクレオチドを包含し得る。一般に、特定ヌクレオチドのアナログは、同一の塩基対形成特異性を有し、すなわち、Aのアナログは、Tと塩基対を形成する。
この明細書には、血友病Bの患者からの細胞のゲノムに機能するFIXタンパク質をコードする配列を組み込む上で有用な組成物、特にヌクレアーゼが記載されている。いくつかの実施態様では、ヌクレアーゼは天然のものである。別の実施態様では、ヌクレアーゼは天然のものでない。すなわち、DNA結合ドメインおよび/または開裂ドメインが改変されている。例えば天然のヌクレアーゼのDNA結合ドメインは、選択された標的部位に結合するように改変することができる(例えばコグネイト結合部位以外の部位に結合するように改変されたメガヌクレアーゼ)。別の実施態様では、ヌクレアーゼは、異種性のDNA結合ドメインと開裂ドメインを含んでいる(例えばジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ;TAL-エフェクタドメインDNA結合タンパク質;異種性開裂ドメインを有するメガヌクレアーゼDNA結合ドメイン)。
いくつかの実施態様では、ヌクレアーゼは、メガヌクレアーゼ(ホーミングエンドヌクレアーゼ)である。天然のメガヌクレアーゼは、15〜40個の塩基対開裂部位を認識し、一般に4つのファミリーにまとめられる。すなわちLAGLIDADGファミリー、GIY-YIGファミリー、His-Cystボックスファミリー、HNHファミリーである。ホーミングエンドヌクレアーゼの例として、I-SceI、I-CeuI、PI-PspI、PI-Sce、I-SceIV、I- CsmI、I-PanI、I-SceII、I-PpoI、I-SceIII、I-CreI、I-TevI、I-TevII、I-TevIIIなどがある。これらの認識配列は公知である。アメリカ合衆国特許第5,420,032号;アメリカ合衆国特許第6,833,252号;Belfort他(1997年)Nucleic Acids Res.、第25巻:3379〜3388ページ;Dujon他(1989年)Gene、第82巻:115〜118ページ;Perler他(1994年)Nucleic Acids Res.、第22巻、1125〜1127ページ;Jasin(1996年)Trends Genet.、第12巻:224〜228ページ;Gimble他(1996年)J. Mol. Biol.、第263巻:163〜180ページ;Argast他(1998年)J. Mol. Biol.、第280巻:345〜353ページ;the New England Biolabsカタログも参照のこと。
上に詳しく記載したように、DNAドメインを改変し、例えば内在性FIX遺伝子の中、または内在性セーフハーバー遺伝子の中、または挿入されたセーフハーバー遺伝子の中で、選択した任意の配列と結合させることができる。改変されたDNA結合ドメインは、天然のDNA結合ドメインと比べて新たな結合特異性を持つことができる。改変法には合理的な設計とさまざまな種類の選択が含まれるが、それだけに限られない。合理的な設計には、例えば三連(または四連)ヌクレオチド配列と個々のジンクフィンガーアミノ酸配列を含むデータベースを利用することが含まれる。それぞれの三連または四連のヌクレオチド配列には、特定の三連または四連の配列と結合する、ジンクフィンガーの1つ以上のアミノ酸配列が付随している。例えば共有のアメリカ合衆国特許第6,453,242 号と第6,534,261号を参照のこと(その全体が参考としてこの明細書に組み込まれている)。TAL-エフェクタドメインを合理的に設計することもできる。例えば2010年5月17日と2010年8月21日にそれぞれ出願されたアメリカ合衆国仮出願第61/395,836号と第61/401,429号を参照のこと。
血友病を治療するため、ドナー配列は、機能するFIXタンパク質をコードする配列またはその一部を含んでいるため、ドナーの組み込み後に、機能するFIXタンパク質をコードしていてそのタンパク質を発現する配列になる。ドナー分子を内在性遺伝子に挿入して、その内在性遺伝子のすべて、またはいくらかが発現するか、まったく発現しないようにすることができる。例えばこの明細書に記載した機能するFIX配列を含む導入遺伝子を内在性FIX遺伝子座に挿入し、そのFIX導入遺伝子を用いてその内在性FIXのいくらかを発現させること、またはその内在性FIXをまったく発現させないことができる(例えばドナーは突然変異を補正して野生型内在性配列を発現させることができる)。別の実施態様では、FIX導入遺伝子を任意の内在性遺伝子座(例えば(内在性の、または挿入された)セーフハーバー遺伝子座)に組み込む。例えばアメリカ合衆国特許出願公開第2008/0299580号;第2008/0159996号;第2010/00218264号を参照のこと。
ヌクレアーゼ、そのヌクレアーゼをコードしているポリヌクレオチド、ドナーポリヌクレオチド、この明細書に記載したタンパク質および/またはポリヌクレオチドを含む組成物は、適切な任意の手段で生体内または生体外の送達ができる。
遺伝子病を治療する戦略としての遺伝子導入は、疾患のさまざまなモデル動物で実施されて成功していて、最近ではヒトに応用されている(例えばAiuti他(2009年)N. Engl. J. Med.、第360巻:447〜458ページ;Maguire他(2009年)N. Engl. J. Med.、第358巻:2240〜2248ページ;Carrier他(2009年)Science、第326巻:818〜823ページを参照のこと)。生体外で培養されたES様誘導万能幹細胞の補正に遺伝子ターゲティングが利用されている(Hanna他(2007年)Science、第318巻:1920〜1923ページ)が、大半の遺伝子病は、現在は生体外操作が実現できない臓器系を冒している。そのような1つの臓器が、血漿タンパク質(血液凝固因子を含む)が合成される主要な部位である肝臓である。肝臓遺伝子治療のためのモデルとなる遺伝子病は、F9遺伝子がコードする血液凝固IX因子(FIX)の不足によって起こる血友病Bである。F9イントロン1への野生型エキソン2〜8の標的組み込み(TI)によってエキソン1を有する野生型コード配列(図1a)のスプライシングが可能になり、野生型FIXの発現と、たいていのF9突然変異によって起こる欠陥の救済につながると考えられる。そこでわれわれは、野生型F9のエキソン2〜8を載せた標的ベクターと組み合わせたZFNが生体内で遺伝子ターゲティングを誘導し、肝細胞のゲノム内において、突然変異したF9遺伝子をその場で補正できるかどうかを調べることを目指した。
N2標的部位はhF9イントロン1に存在しているが、マウスF9遺伝子には欠けている。したがってN2 ZFNを生体内でテストするため、血友病B(HB)のヒト化マウスモデルを作った。肝臓特異的プロモータの制御下にあるhF9ミニ遺伝子(図2a)を構成した(Shen他(1989年)DNA、第8巻:101〜108ページ; Miao他(2000年)Mol. Ther. 第1巻:522〜532ページ)。hF9のTIのためのプライマーは、N2 TI For(GGCCTTATTTACACAAAAAGTCTG、配列ID番号14)とN2 TI Rev(TTTGCTCTAACTCCTGTTATCCATC、配列ID番号15)であった。
N2 ZFNをFIX産生の正常部位である肝臓に送達するため、肝臓特異的なエンハンサとプロモータからのN2 ZFNを発現する肝臓親和性アデノ随伴ウイルスベクター血清型8(AAV8-N2)を作った(Shen他、上記文献と、Miao他、上記文献)(図2d)。
スプライスアクセプタ(SA)が前にある野生型エキソン2〜8をLPコンストラクトのイントロン1に挿入すると、エキソン1を有する野生型コード配列のスプライシングが可能になる(図3a)。LPマウスの体内において、突然変異したF9遺伝子をその場で補正するため、遺伝子ターゲティングを目的として、相同部の両アームが“SA-野生型hF9エキソン2〜8”カセットに隣接したAAVドナー鋳型ベクター(AAV-ドナー)を作った(図3a)。ドナーベクター産生プラスミドは、LPマウスのゲノムDNAからの相同部の左右のアームをPCRで増幅することによって構成した。pAAV-hFIX16プラスミド(Manno他(2006年)Nat. Med.、第12巻:342〜347ページ)からのPCR増幅によって“スプライスアクセプタ-エキソン2〜8コード配列-ウシ成長ホルモンポリAシグナル”カセットを取得し、相同部の左右のアームの間に連結した。HR(相同組み換え)は細胞周期のS/G2期の間が好ましいため、N2ベクターとドナーベクターを新生マウスに送達した。そのマウスでは肝細胞が迅速に増殖し、細胞周期が進行してS/G2期に入った。
次に、新生児に関して上に記載したようにして、成体の動物に対してヒトF.IX LPのゲノム編集を行なった。6週目の成体LPマウスに1e11 v.g./マウスAAV-N2だけ(“ZFNだけ”)、または1e11 v.g./マウスAAV-N2と5.5e11 v.g./マウスAAV-ドナー(“ZFN+ドナー”)、または1e11 v.g./マウスAAV-Mockと5.5e11 v.g. AAV=ドナー(“Mock+ドナー”)を静脈内注射した。図5Aに示したデータは、1つの群内のマウスを約20匹にして行なった3回の実験を表わしている。これらの実験では、野生型hF.IXのレベルは約1000ng/mlであった。同様に、図5Bは、生後6週目に、1e11 v.g./マウスAAV-N2だけ(“ZFNだけ”)、または1e11 v.g./マウスAAV-N2と5.5e11 v.g./マウスAAV-ドナー(“ZFN+ドナー”)、または1e11 v.g./マウスAAV-Mockと5.5e11 v.g. AAV-ドナー(“Mock+ドナー”)を静脈内注射した後の成体LPマウスにおける血漿hFIXのレベルを示すグラフである。注射の2日後、図5Bの2つの群に肝部分切除を行なった。示したデータは、1つの群内のマウスを約20匹にして行なった3回の実験を表わしている。これらの実験では、野生型hF.IXのレベルは約1000ng/mlであった。このデータは、成体マウスに肝部分切除を行なった場合または行なわない場合にhF.IXの発現が安定であることと、成体の動物でゲノム編集を実行できることを示している。
Claims (13)
- 改変したジンクフィンガータンパク質DNA結合ドメインを含むタンパク質であって、
そのDNA結合ドメインが、N末端からC末端に向けてF1〜F4またはF1〜F5の順番で並んだ4つまたは5つのジンクフィンガー認識領域を含み、
(i)DNA結合ドメインが、5つのジンクフィンガー認識領域を含んでいるときには、F1〜F5は、以下のアミノ酸配列:
F1:QSGDLTR(配列番号4)
F2:RSDVLSE(配列番号5)
F3:DRSNRIK(配列番号6)
F4:RSDNLSE(配列番号7)
F5:QNATRIN(配列番号8)を含み;
(ii)DNA結合ドメインが、4つのジンクフィンガー認識領域を含んでいるときには、F1〜F4は、以下のアミノ酸配列:
F1:RSDSLSV(配列番号10)
F2:TSGHLSR(配列番号11)
F3:RSDHLSQ(配列番号12)
F4:HASTRHC(配列番号13)を含む、タンパク質。 - 野生型もしくは改変された開裂ドメインまたは開裂半ドメインをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 請求項1または2に記載のタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1または2に記載のタンパク質、または請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む、単離された細胞。
- 対象の血友病Bを治療するための、肝細胞を含む医薬組成物であって、
機能的なIX因子(FIX)タンパク質をコードする配列を有する核酸分子が、少なくとも1つのジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼを用いて肝細胞のゲノムに組み込まれ、該ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼは、請求項1又は2に記載のタンパク質であるか、又は請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチドによってコードされる、医薬組成物。 - 前記の機能的なIX因子(FIX)タンパク質をコードする配列を有する核酸分子が、内在性遺伝子に組み込まれている、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記内在性遺伝子が、FIX遺伝子およびセーフハーバー遺伝子からなる群より選択される、請求項5または6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、傷のない動物の肝臓に静脈内投与されることによって、または腹腔内投与されることによって、または肝臓の柔組織に直接注入されることによって、または肝動脈に注入されることによって、または胆管を通じて逆行注入されることによって、少なくとも1つのジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼを用いて前記の機能的なIX因子(FIX)タンパク質をコードする配列を有する核酸分子が肝細胞のゲノムに組み込まれた該細胞が、肝臓に送達される、請求項5〜7のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 対象の部分的肝除去が更に実施され、および/またはガンマ線照射、UV照射、トリチウム標識したヌクレオチド、シスプラチン、エトポシド、ヒドロキシ尿素、アフィジコリン、プレドニゾロン、アデノウイルス、ならびにこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の二次剤が対象に更に投与される、請求項5〜8のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記細胞が単離された細胞である、請求項5〜9のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象が、胚、胎児、新生児、幼児、若年者、成人からなる群より選択される、請求項5〜10のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記の機能的なIX因子(FIX)タンパク質をコードする配列を有する核酸分子、前記ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ、そのジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼをコードするポリヌクレオチド、これらの組み合わせのいずれかが、前記細胞の表面受容体に特異的に結合するホーミング剤と組み合わされる、請求項5〜11のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ホーミング剤が、ガラクトースを含むか、AAVコートタンパク質とガラクトースのハイブリッドを含む、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
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CN103270046B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
BR112013008881A2 (pt) | 2016-06-28 |
WO2012051343A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
RU2608643C2 (ru) | 2017-01-23 |
BR112013008881B1 (pt) | 2021-12-07 |
RU2013120986A (ru) | 2014-11-20 |
EP2627665B1 (en) | 2015-12-16 |
EP2627665A1 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
AU2011316575A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
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EP2627665A4 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
US9629930B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
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US9175280B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
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