JP6009177B2 - 発光装置、照明装置、及び基板 - Google Patents
発光装置、照明装置、及び基板 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6009177B2 JP6009177B2 JP2012042620A JP2012042620A JP6009177B2 JP 6009177 B2 JP6009177 B2 JP 6009177B2 JP 2012042620 A JP2012042620 A JP 2012042620A JP 2012042620 A JP2012042620 A JP 2012042620A JP 6009177 B2 JP6009177 B2 JP 6009177B2
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- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003553 thiiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroerbium Chemical compound F[Er](F)F QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJGUQZGGEUNPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 CJGUQZGGEUNPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の基板及び発光装置について図1及び図7を用いて説明する。なお、本実施の形態で示す発光装置は、ボトムエミッション(下面射出)構造である。
図1(A)は、本発明の一態様の発光装置に用いることができる基板の平面図であり、図1(B)は、図1(A)のA−A’間の断面図である。また、図1(C)は、図1(A)に示す基板10を用いた本発明の一態様の発光装置の断面図である。
図1(D)は、本発明の別の態様の発光装置の断面図である。
図7(A)は、本発明の別の態様の発光装置に用いることができる基板の平面図であり、図7(B)は、図7(A)のB−B’間の断面図である。また、図7(C)は、図7(A)に示す基板20を用いた本発明の一態様の発光装置の断面図である。
図7(D)は、本発明の別の態様の発光装置の断面図である。図7(D)に示す発光装置は、基板30を備える。
基板は、可視光に対する透光性(以下、単に透光性と記す)が高いことが好ましい。具体的には、可視光の透過率が85%以上であると、高い光取り出し効率を実現できるため好ましい。
基板を形成する樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)等のポリエステル樹脂、ポリアクリルニトリル樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、アクリル(ポリメチルメタクリレート)樹脂、ポリカーボネート(PC)樹脂、ポリエーテルスルフォン(PES)樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、環状オレフィン系樹脂、シクロオレフィン樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、又はポリ塩化ビニル樹脂などを用いることができる。また、これらを2以上組み合わせたものを用いても良い。アクリル樹脂は、可視光の透過率が高いため、好適に用いることができる。また、環状オレフィン系樹脂、及びシクロオレフィン樹脂は、可視光の透過率が高く耐熱性が優れているため、好適に用いることができる。
保護層101としては、25μm以上100μm以下の厚さのガラスを好適に用いることができる。特に、ガラスの膜厚を25μm以上75μm以下とすることで、軽量で、曲げや折れに強い基板を実現することができる。また、水分や不純物に対するバリア性が高いフィルムを用いても良い。
〜材料・作製方法〜
半球レンズ、マイクロレンズアレイ、凹凸の構造が施されたフィルム、光拡散フィルム等を、接着剤等を用いて樹脂層や保護層に接着することで凹凸構造を形成することができる。凹凸構造は、少なくとも発光領域と重なる領域に設けられていることが好ましい。
凹凸の形状について、規則性の有無は問わない。凹凸の形状に周期性があると、凹凸の大きさによっては、凹凸が回折格子のような働きをすることで、干渉効果が強くなり、特定の波長の光が大気に取り出されやすくなることがある。したがって、凹凸の形状は周期性をもたないことが好ましい(図11(A)の凹凸構造102c、d参照)。
[第1の電極103、第2の電極107]
本実施の形態の発光装置は、ボトムエミッション構造である。したがって、第1の電極103は、透光性を有する。第2の電極107は、光を取り出す側と反対側に設けられ、反射性を有する。
EL層105は、少なくとも発光性の有機化合物を含む層(発光層)を有する。EL層105の具体的な構成例は、実施の形態3で詳説する。
封止基板109としては、ガラス基板や石英基板、金属基板、プラスチック基板を用いることができる。プラスチックを用いることで発光装置の軽量化を実現することができるため、好ましい。プラスチックとしては、例えば、FRP(Fiberglass−Reinforced Plastics)、PVF(ポリビニルフロライド)、ポリエステル又はアクリル等を用いることができる。金属としては、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル等の金属、または、アルミニウム合金若しくはステンレスなどの金属の合金などを好ましく用いることができる。熱伝導率の高い金属を用いることで、放熱性の高い発光装置を得ることができる。
平坦化層111の材料としては、高屈折率の液体や樹脂等が挙げられる。平坦化層111の屈折率は、1.6以上であることが好ましい。平坦化層111は透光性を有する。高屈折率の樹脂としては、例えば、臭素が含まれる樹脂、硫黄が含まれる樹脂などが挙げられ、例えば、含硫黄ポリイミド樹脂、エピスルフィド樹脂、チオウレタン樹脂、又は臭素化芳香族樹脂などを用いることができる。また、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタラート)、TAC(トリアセチルセルロース)なども用いることができる。高屈折率の液体としては、硫黄及びヨウ化メチレンを含む接触液(屈折液)などを用いることができる。成膜方法としては、材料にあった種々の方法を適用すれば良い。例えば、前述の樹脂を、スピンコート法を用いて成膜し、熱または光によって硬化させることで形成することができる。接着強度や加工のしやすさなどを考慮し適宜選択することができる。
シール材113としては、公知の材料を用いることができる。例えば、熱硬化型の材料、紫外線硬化型の材料を用いても良い。これらの材料はできるだけ水分や酸素を透過しない材料であることが望ましい。
空間115には、充填材として不活性気体(窒素、アルゴンなど)が充填された構成や、粘性の低い材料が充填された構成を適用することができる。また、空間115内には、乾燥剤を入れても良い。例えば、アルカリ土類金属の酸化物(酸化カルシウムや酸化バリウム等)のように、化学吸着によって水分を吸収する物質を用いることができる。その他の乾燥剤として、ゼオライトやシリカゲル等のように、物理吸着によって水分を吸着する物質を用いてもよい。
封止膜119はバリア性が高く、水分や不純物が入りにくい膜であれば良く、材料としては、例えば、窒化ケイ素、酸化ケイ素、アルミナ等を用いることができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の基板を作製する方法について、図2乃至図6を用いて説明する。本実施の形態では、実施の形態1で示した構成例4(図7(D))に用いた基板30を作製する例を示す。
まず、下側ステージ201a上に、第1の金型203aを配置する(図2(A))。第1の金型203aには、第1の凹凸構造102aの反転パターンが形成されている。
まず、基板の作製方法1と同様に、下側ステージ201a上に、第1の金型203aを配置し、第1の金型203a上に、第1の樹脂層205aを形成し、第1の樹脂層205a上に、保護層101を形成し、保護層101上に、第2の樹脂層205bを形成する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光装置に適用することができるEL層の構成例について、図8を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の別の態様の発光装置を、図9を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光装置を用いて完成させた照明装置の一例について、図10を用いて説明する。
20 基板
30 基板
31 基板
100 樹脂層
100a 樹脂層
100b 樹脂層
101 保護層
102 凹凸構造
102a 第1の凹凸構造
102b 第2の凹凸構造
102c 凹凸構造
102e 凹凸構造
102f 凹凸構造
103 第1の電極
105 EL層
107 第2の電極
109 封止基板
110 支持基板
111 平坦化層
113 シール材
115 空間
116 充填材
119 封止膜
120 有機EL素子
130 発光領域
131 隔壁
201a 下側ステージ
201b 上側ステージ
203a 第1の金型
203b 第2の金型
203c 第2の金型
205a 樹脂層
205b 樹脂層
701 正孔注入層
702 正孔輸送層
703 発光層
704 電子輸送層
705 電子注入層
706 電子注入バッファー層
707 電子リレー層
708 複合材料層
800 第1のEL層
801 第2のEL層
803 電荷発生層
901 照明装置
902 照明装置
903 卓上照明器具
9501 照明部
9503 支柱
9505 支持台
Claims (6)
- 樹脂層と、
前記樹脂層の内部に、25μm以上100μm以下の厚さのガラス基板と、を有し、
前記樹脂層は、上面に凹凸構造を有し、
前記樹脂層は、前記ガラス基板と重なる領域を有する開口部を有し、
前記開口部は、前記凹凸構造を取り囲むように配置されていることを特徴とする基板。 - 樹脂層と、
前記樹脂層の内部に、25μm以上100μm以下の厚さのガラス基板と、を有し、
前記樹脂層は、下面に第1の凹凸構造を有し、
前記樹脂層は、上面に第2の凹凸構造を有し、
前記樹脂層は、前記ガラス基板と重なる領域を有する開口部を有し、
前記開口部は、前記第2の凹凸構造を取り囲むように配置されていることを特徴とする基板。 - 請求項1に記載の基板と、
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス現象を利用した発光素子と、を有し、
前記ガラス基板と対向基板とがシール材で貼り合わされた内部に、前記発光素子を有し、
前記発光素子は、前記凹凸構造上に設けられ、且つ可視光に対する透光性を有する第1の電極と、前記第1の電極上に設けられ、且つ発光性の有機化合物を含む層と、前記発光性の有機化合物を含む層上の第2の電極と、を有することを特徴とする発光装置。 - 請求項2に記載の基板と、
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス現象を利用した発光素子と、を有し、
前記ガラス基板と対向基板とがシール材で貼り合わされた内部に、前記発光素子を有し、
前記発光素子は、前記第2の凹凸構造上に設けられ、且つ可視光に対する透光性を有する第1の電極と、前記第1の電極上に設けられ、且つ発光性の有機化合物を含む層と、前記発光性の有機化合物を含む層上の第2の電極と、を有することを特徴とする発光装置。 - 請求項4において、
前記第2の凹凸構造上に、可視光に対する透光性を有し、且つ屈折率が1.6以上である平坦化層を有し、
前記平坦化層上に、前記発光素子を有することを特徴とする発光装置。 - 請求項3乃至5のいずれか一に記載の発光装置を発光部に備えることを特徴とする照明装置。
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