JP5980685B2 - 3剤併用抗がん剤の感受性判定マーカー - Google Patents
3剤併用抗がん剤の感受性判定マーカー Download PDFInfo
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Description
また、本発明は、遺伝子が、ALAD遺伝子、C20orf43遺伝子、GDA遺伝子、TMEM18遺伝子及びUGT2B10遺伝子である上記の判定マーカーを提供するものである。
また、本発明は、最良腫瘍縮小効果(比)を予測するものである上記の判定マーカーを提供するものである。
また、本発明は、発現量を測定する遺伝子が、ALAD遺伝子、C20orf43遺伝子、GDA遺伝子、TMEM18遺伝子及びUGT2B10遺伝子である上記の判定方法を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、次式(1)により最良腫瘍縮小効果(比)を算出することを特徴とする上記の判定方法を提供するものである。
(数1)
最良腫瘍縮小効果(比)=0.37664+96.360×A−8.5128×B+42.420×C+26.810×D+747.00×E・・・・・(1)
(式中、AはALAD遺伝子の発現量、BはC20orf43遺伝子の発現量、CはGDA遺伝子の発現量、DはTMEM18遺伝子の発現量、EはUGT2B10遺伝子の発現量を示す。)
C20orf43遺伝子とはGenBankアクセッション番号NM_016407に示される塩基配列のmRNAを発現する遺伝子及びそのホモログをいい、
CABLES1遺伝子とはGenBankアクセッション番号NM_138375に示される塩基配列のmRNAを発現する遺伝子及びそのホモログをいい、
CDC14B遺伝子とはGenBankアクセッション番号NM_033331に示される塩基配列のmRNAを発現する遺伝子及びそのホモログをいい、
GDA遺伝子とはGenBankアクセッション番号NM_004293に示される塩基配列のmRNAを発現する遺伝子及びそのホモログをいい、
HOXB6遺伝子とはGenBankアクセッション番号NM_018952に示される塩基配列のmRNAを発現する遺伝子及びそのホモログをいい、
RPL7AP27遺伝子とはEnterz Gene ID152663に示される遺伝子及びそのホモログをいい、
TMEM18遺伝子とはGenBankアクセッション番号NM_152834に示される塩基配列のmRNAを発現する遺伝子及びそのホモログをいい、
UGT2B10遺伝子とはGenBankアクセッション番号NM_001075に示される塩基配列のmRNAを発現する遺伝子及びそのホモログをいう。
また、遺伝子とは、2本鎖DNAのみならず、それを構成するセンス鎖及びアンチセンス鎖といった各1本鎖DNAを包含する趣旨であり、またその長さに何ら制限されるものではない。また、核酸(ポリヌクレオチド)としては、RNA、DNAを例示でき、DNAはcDNA、ゲノムDNA、合成DNA、RNAはmRNA、rRNA、siRNAが挙げられる。ここでポリヌクレオチドには、複数個の塩基配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドも含まれる。
(数2)
最良腫瘍縮小効果(比)=0.37664+96.360×A−8.5128×B+42.420×C+26.810×D+747.00×E・・・・・(1)
(式中、AはALAD遺伝子の発現量、BはC20orf43遺伝子の発現量、CはGDA遺伝子の発現量、DはTMEM18遺伝子の発現量、EはUGT2B10遺伝子の発現量を示す。)
また、斯かる核酸断片は、その両端又は片端、好ましくは5'端に任意の数、好ましくは100個、より好ましくは20個、さらに好ましくは10個以下の塩基が付加された核酸断片であってもよい。
(a)NM_000031で示される塩基配列の一部若しくはそれと相補的な塩基配列からなる核酸断片において、1又は数個の塩基が欠失、置換若しくは付加された核酸断片。
(b)NM_000031で示される塩基配列の一部若しくはそれと相補的な塩基配列と90%以上、好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは99%以上の同一性を有する塩基配列からなる核酸断片。
(c)NM_000031で示される塩基配列の一部若しくはそれと相補的な塩基配列からなるDNAとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズする塩基配列からなる核酸断片。
また、「ストリンジェントな条件」とは、2つのDNA断片がSambrook Jらによって記載されたような標準的なハイブリダイゼーション条件下で、相互にハイブリダイズすることを意味する(Expression of cloned genes in E.coli(Molecular Cloning:A laboratory manual(1989))Cold Spring harbor Laboratory Press,New York,USA,9.47−9.62及び11.45−11.61)。
1.mFOLFOX6療法によるヒト臨床試験
フルオロウラシル400mg/平方メートル(急速静注)、レボホリナート200mg/平方メートル、フルオロウラシル2,400〜3,000mg/平方メートル(持続点滴静注)にオキサリプラチン85mg/平方メートルを併用投与するがん化学療法(mFOLFOX6療法)を実施したがん患者において、がん化学療法の効果と関連する遺伝子を明らかにし、これを検証するため前向きゲノム薬理学的臨床研究を行った。対象は根治切除不能ステージIV大腸癌薬物療法未治療例で、姑息的手術時に腫瘍検体の採取可能な症例とした。具体的な選択基準は、(1)組織学的に大腸がんの確定診断が得られている症例、(2)根治切除不能ステージIV大腸癌術後症例、(3)測定可能病変(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors,RECIST)を有する症例、(4)生理機能(骨髄、肝、腎、心など)が十分保持されている症例で、仮登録及び本登録前1週間以内の検査値が以下の基準を満たすこと。白血球数4,000/μL以上12,000/μL以下、好中球数2,000/μL以上、血小板数100,000/μL以上、ヘモグロビン量9.0g/dl以上、血清AST・ALT 施設正常値上限の2倍以下(但し、肝転移症例は3倍以下)、血清総ビリルビン1.5mg/dl以下、血清クレアチニン1.5mg/dl以下、クレアチニン・クリアランス50mL/min以上、BUN 25mg/dl以下、CRP 1mg/dl以下、Performance Status(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group:ECOG)の分類が0〜2の症例、手術以外に前治療のない症例、手術から本登録までに21日以上経過している症例、予想生存期間が3ヶ月以上期待される症例、重篤な併存疾患、活動性の重複がんのない症例、年齢20歳以上75歳未満の症例、遺伝子解析のための組織が手術時に得られている症例、試料提供を含む研究への参加について、患者本人から文書による同意が術前に得られている症例、とし、除外基準を、(1)重篤な合併症を有する症例、(2)感染症を合併している症例、(3)下痢(水様便)のある症例、(4)腸管麻痺、腸閉塞、亜腸閉塞のある症例(本登録前のみ)、(5)間質性肺炎又は肺線維症のある症例、(6)多量の腹水、胸水のある症例、(7)黄疸のある症例、(8)治療を要する程度の虚血性心疾患、不整脈などの心疾患を有する症例(高血圧に伴う左室肥大や軽度の左室負荷、軽度の右脚ブロックなどは登録可)、(9)6ヶ月以内に発症した心筋梗塞の既往を有する症例、(10)肝硬変を合併している症例、(11)繰り返し輸血を要する消化管新鮮出血を認める症例、(12)向精神薬で治療中又は治療を要すると思われる精神障害を有する症例、(13)コントロール困難な糖尿病を合併している症例、(14)その他、重篤な術後合併症を有している症例、(15)他の薬剤に対して重篤な過敏症の既往歴のある症例、(16)妊娠中あるいは授乳中の女性、及び授子を希望する男女、(17)肝炎ウイルス、HIVウイルス、梅毒の陽性例、とした。mFOLFOX6療法は、術後28日以内に、投与を開始し、投与開始日をday 1として、2週間ごと1回投与1週休薬を1コースとして投与を行なった。
TOTAL RNAは54例のヒト大腸癌組織サンプルからRNeasyTM Minikit(Qiagen社製)を用い、添付プロトコールに従って抽出し、−80℃で保存した。
Quick Amp Labeling Kit(Agilent社製)を用いて、そのプロトコールに従いdouble-strand cDNA合成を行った。すなわち、total RNA 500ngを5.3μlにNuclease-free Waterで調整し、該キットに含まれる1.2μl T7 Promoter Primerとポジティブコントロールとして希釈した5μl Spike−Mix(Agilent社製)を混合し、計11.5μlを65℃で10分間加温した後、氷上で5分間急冷した。氷上で該キットに含まれる4μlの5×First−strand Buffer、1μlの10mM dNTP mix、2μlの0.1M DTT、0.5μlのRNase Inhibitor、1μlのMMLV Reverse Transcriptaseを加え、計20μlを40℃で2時間加温した。cDNA合成反応を停止させるため65℃で15分間加温した後、氷上で5分間急冷した。
引き続きQuick Amp Labeling Kit(Agilent社製)のプロトコールに従いin vitro transcription(IVT)反応を行い、cRNAを合成した。すなわち、該キットに含まれる20μlの4×Transcription Buffer、6μlの0.1M DTT、8μlのNTP mix、6.4μlの50% PEG、0.5μlのRNase Inhibitor、0.6μlのInorganic Pyrophosphatase、0.8μlのT7 RNA Polymerase、2.4μlのCyanine 3−CTP、15.3μlのNuclease−free waterをよく混合し、計60μlを(1)で調整した20μl cDNA溶液に添加した後、40℃で2時間加温した。反応終了後、RNeasy Mini Kit(Qiagen社製)を用いて添付プロトコールに従い、合成したcRNAを精製した。すなわち、反応液(80μl)に20μlのNuclease−free Waterを添加し、合計100μlの溶液に該キットに含まれる350μlのBufferRLTを添加してよく混合し、さらに250μlの100%エタノールを添加してよく混合し、全量(700μl)を該キットに含まれるRNeasy ミニスピンカラムに添加して、13,000rpmで30秒間遠心した。RNeasy ミニスピンカラムを新しい2mlチューブにセットし、該キットに含まれる500μlのBuffer RPEをカラムに添加して13,000rpmで30秒間遠心し、溶出液を除去した。再度ミニスピンカラムを元の2mlチューブにセットし、500μlのBuffer RPEをカラムに添加して13,000rpmで1分間遠心し、溶出液を除去した。ミニスピンカラムを新しい1.5mlチューブに移し、30μlのNuclease−free waterをメンブレン上に直接添加し、室温で1分間静置した後、13,000rpmで30秒間遠心し、cRNAサンプルを溶出した。
cRNAの定量はNanoDrop(Thermo scientific社製)で行い、サンプル溶液の260nmおよび280nm吸光度を測定し、cRNA濃度を定量するとともに、Cy3−CTP色素の取り込み率が9pmol/μg以上であることを確認した。cRNAの品質チェックはAgilent 2100 Bioanalyzerを用いて添付プロトコールに従って泳動し、スメアピークの長さが500塩基以上であることを確認した。
Gene Expression Hybridization Kit(Agilent社製)のプロトコールに従い、cRNAを断片化した。すなわち、1.65μgのcRNAが41.8μlになるよう、Nuclease−free waterでメスアップし、該キットに含まれる2.2μlの25×Fragmentation Bufferと11μlの10×Blocking Agentを添加し、60℃で30分間加熱後、氷上で1分間急冷した。断片化されたcRNAを含む55μlの溶液に、該キットに含まれる55μl 2×Hybridization Buffer HI−RPMを加え、計110μlのハイブリダイゼーション溶液を調整した。
ハイブリダイゼーションオーブン(Agilent社製)とハイブリダイゼーションローター(Agilent社製)を用いてプロトコールに従いハイブリダイズを行った。すなわち、(3)で調整したハイブリダイゼーション溶液をWhole Human Genome 4×44Kアレイ面にアプライした後、ガスケットスライド(Agilent社製)でカバーし、オリゴDNAマイクロアレイ用ハイブリダイゼーションチャンバ(Agilent社製)で固定した。固定したアレイをハイブリダイゼーションローターにセットし、ハイブリダイゼーションオーブンにて、65℃、10rpmで旋回させながら17時間加温した。
ハイブリダイゼーション後、オリゴDNAマイクロアレイ用ハイブリダイゼーションチャンバによって固定されていたマイクロアレイを取り出し、洗浄を行った。すなわち、0.005% Triton X−102を添加したGene Expression Wash Buffer 1(Agilent社製)を満たしたリザーバーにマイクロアレイを移し、スターラーバーで撹拌しながら室温で1分間洗浄した。引き続き、0.005% Triton X−102を添加したGene Expression Wash Buffer 2(Agilent社製)で満たしたスターラー付恒温槽にマイクロアレイを移し、スターラーバーで撹拌しながら37℃で1分間洗浄した。
洗浄が終了したマイクロアレイをスライドホルダにセットし、Agilent G2565BA(Agilent社製)スキャナに供し、蛍光パターンを読み取りTIFF imageとして保存した。TIFF imageをAgilent Feature Extraction Ver.9.5ソフトウエアで処理し、アレイ上の各遺伝子スポットのシグナル強度を数値化した。
上記で得られたシグナル強度データをGeneSpring GX(Agilent社製)マイクロアレイ遺伝子発現解析ソフトを用いてNormalizationを行い解析した。すなわち、スポットシグナルから背景シグナルを差し引き、その値が0.01未満は0.01とし、アレイの全スポットシグナルの3/4分位値で割り、底を2とした対数値に変換した値をそれぞれの遺伝子の標準化した相対的発現量とした。
DNAマイクロアレイ解析が可能であった37例の解析結果を用い、最良腫瘍縮小効果(比)を予測しうる遺伝子の探索を行った。37例から得られたDNAマイクロアレイの解析結果から、最良腫瘍縮小効果との関連について、ピアソンの積率相関解析およびスピアマンの順位相関解析を行い、相関係数Rの絶対値が0.5を超え、相関係数ρの検定によりp値が0.2未満、かつ、平均発現量の相対値が0.5を超える遺伝子として17遺伝子を特定した(表1)。また、参考症例4例を加えた41例で同様の解析を実施したところ、相関係数Rの絶対値が0.5を超え、相関係数ρの検定によりp値が0.05未満、かつ、平均発現量の相対値が0.5を超える遺伝子として10遺伝子を特定した(表2)。37例の解析結果から特定された17遺伝子と41例の解析結果から特定された10遺伝子のうち、両者に共通する9遺伝子を特定した(表3)。これら9遺伝子は、条件の異なる解析集団に共通して認められたものであり、より臨床における有用性があると判断し、それぞれの遺伝子と最良腫瘍縮小効果との相関性を評価した。
以上の結果、DNAマイクロアレイを用いて特定した感受性に関連する9遺伝子のうち、RPL7AP27遺伝子を除く8遺伝子について、単独で抗がん剤感受性と統計上有意な相関を示すものが認められた。また、これら8遺伝子について重回帰分析の手法を用い、特定された遺伝子群の定量的発現量を代入することで最良腫瘍縮小効果を予測する式を求め、その予測性を確認した。前述の遺伝子発現量を評価するために要するRNAが得られた症例44例を、予測式の作成に用いる26例(検討群)と、これを検証するための18例(検証群)に分け、リアルタイムRT−PCR法を用いて8遺伝子の発現量を求めた。検討群26例における8遺伝子の発現量を用い、重回帰分析の手法により最良腫瘍縮小効果を予測する式を求めた。その結果、最も良く最良腫瘍縮小効果を予測しうる式として、8遺伝子中5遺伝子(ALAD遺伝子、C20orf43遺伝子、GDA遺伝子、TMEM18遺伝子及びUGT2B10遺伝子)を用いた予測式
最良腫瘍縮小効果(腫瘍径ベースライン比)=0.37664+96.360×A−8.5128×B+42.420×C+26.810×D+747.00×E・・(1)
(式中、AはALAD遺伝子の発現量、BはC20orf43遺伝子の発現量、CはGDA遺伝子の発現量、DはTMEM18遺伝子の発現量、EはUGT2B10遺伝子の発現量を示す。)
Claims (7)
- がんを有する被験者由来の生体試料である検体中のALAD遺伝子、C20orf43遺伝子、GDA遺伝子、TMEM18遺伝子及びUGT2B10遺伝子の発現量を測定することを特徴とするオキサリプラチン又はその塩とフルオロウラシル又はその塩とレボホリナート又はその塩を含む抗がん剤の感受性判定方法であって、遺伝子の発現量が該遺伝子由来のmRNA量である、判定方法。
- 最良腫瘍縮小効果(比)を予測するものである請求項1記載の判定方法。
- 次式(1)により最良腫瘍縮小効果(比)を算出することを特徴とする請求項2記載の判定方法。
(数1)
最良腫瘍縮小効果(比)=0.37664+96.360×A−8.5128×B+42.420×C+26.810×D+747.00×E・・・・・(1)
(式中、AはALAD遺伝子の発現量、BはC20orf43遺伝子の発現量、CはGDA遺伝子の発現量、DはTMEM18遺伝子の発現量、EはUGT2B10遺伝子の発現量を示す。) - 検体が、大腸がんを有する被験者由来の生体試料である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の判定方法。
- がんを有する被験者由来の生体試料である検体中のALAD遺伝子、C20orf43遺伝子、GDA遺伝子、TMEM18遺伝子及びUGT2B10遺伝子のmRNAに特異的にハイブリダイズしうる核酸断片、該遺伝子の発現量測定のための方法を記載したプロトコール、及び該遺伝子の発現量測定のために使用する試薬を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の判定方法を実施するためのキット。
- 検体が、大腸がんを有する被験者由来の生体試料である請求項5記載のキット。
- 担癌非ヒト動物又はがん細胞株に、オキサリプラチン又はその塩とフルオロウラシル又はその塩とレボホリナート又はその塩を含む抗がん剤及び試験物質を投与又は添加する工程と、担癌非ヒト動物における前記抗がん剤投与前後において又はがん細胞株における前記抗がん剤の存在下において、ALAD遺伝子、C20orf43遺伝子、GDA遺伝子、TMEM18遺伝子及びUGT2B10遺伝子のmRNA量を測定する工程と、発現の低下を亢進させる試験物質を前記抗がん剤に対する感受性亢進剤として選択する工程とを含む、オキサリプラチン又はその塩とフルオロウラシル又はその塩とレボホリナート又はその塩を含む抗がん剤に対する感受性亢進剤のスクリーニング方法。
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BR112013013656A2 (pt) | 2016-09-06 |
CA2819399C (en) | 2021-03-23 |
EP2647708A4 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
KR101873079B1 (ko) | 2018-06-29 |
EP2647708A1 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
JPWO2012074085A1 (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
CN103261413B (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
KR20130140046A (ko) | 2013-12-23 |
AU2011337612B2 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
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