JP5963202B2 - 「停止−始動」圧縮点火内燃機関を備える車両用排気システム - Google Patents
「停止−始動」圧縮点火内燃機関を備える車両用排気システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5963202B2 JP5963202B2 JP2012545440A JP2012545440A JP5963202B2 JP 5963202 B2 JP5963202 B2 JP 5963202B2 JP 2012545440 A JP2012545440 A JP 2012545440A JP 2012545440 A JP2012545440 A JP 2012545440A JP 5963202 B2 JP5963202 B2 JP 5963202B2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2330/60—Discontinuous, uneven properties of filter material, e.g. different material thickness along the longitudinal direction; Higher filter capacity upstream than downstream in same housing
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
一般に、車両と内燃機関からの排気ガスは、世界的に強化されつつある規制の対象である。CO2の排出と関連した地球温暖化への懸念が、車両からのCO2排気ガスを削減するために世界各国で財政的インセンティブに繋がっている。それにより、自家用自動車と小型商用車が、相対的に燃料消費量が少なく、相対的にCO2を少なく排出する軽量ディーゼルエンジンをより一層使用されている。
[5]
しかし、ある環境では低い排気ガスの温度によりディーゼル酸化触媒(DOC)が効率的に動作できないということを意味し得る。即ち、DOCは「ライト-オフ」を達成又は維持できないこともあり得る。
本発明は、エンジン管理手段を備える圧縮点火内燃機関と排気ガスの後処理のための触媒を備える車両を提供し、前記エンジン管理手段は、使用時にアイドル条件を検出し、アイドル条件の存在を決定してエンジンを全体的に停止させ、前記触媒は一種以上の貴金属を含む触媒ウォッシュコートでコーティングされたハニカム基材モノリスを含み、前記触媒ウォッシュコートは第一の上流ウォッシュコート区域と第二の下流ウォッシュコート区域との間に位置し、前記第一のウォッシュコート区域の熱質量は、前記第二のウォッシュコート区域の熱質量と異なり、前記第一の上流ウォッシュコート区域のウォッシュコート層は、前記第二の下流ウォッシュコート区域のウォッシュコート層と実質的に連続する。
[10]
好適な圧縮点火内燃機関は、ディーゼル燃料を用いるが、天然ガス(NG)とディーゼルとバイオ燃料の混合又はフィッシャー・トロプシュ(Fischer-Tropsch)過程誘導燃料を含む他の形態の燃料も可能である。
[11]
前記ハニカム基材モノリスは、コーディエライト又は炭化珪素のようなセラミック物質又はFecralloy(商品名)のような金属で製造され得る。このような装置は好ましくは、いわゆる流動-貫通の構成であるが、ここには開放された入口端部から開放された出口端部まで多数のチャネルが平行に延びる。しかし、前記ハニカム基材モノリスは、いわゆる壁-流動フィルタ又はセラミックフォームのようなフィルタリング基材の形態をなしてもよい。
次の実施形態はコンピュータモデルの結果を示すが、平方インチ当たりの円筒形400セルの大きさ143×98×135mmと体積1.50Lを有するコーディエライト流動-貫通のハニカムモノリス基材が、全体にかけて低(0.15gcm −3 (2.5gin −3 ))又は高(0.43gcm −3 (7.0gin −3 ))のウォッシュコート含有量と均一な白金含有量(比較例)の均質なディーゼル酸化触媒ウォッシュコート層でコーティングされる。本発明に係る区域化されたディーゼル酸化触媒は、同じベアハニカム基材モノリスを用いて製造され、表1に示す。
端部から測定された基材全長に対する第一の上流区域(最左側列)と第二の下流区域の長さを示す。「Pt含有量」の列は、左側から右側へそれぞれ第一の上流区域(左側列)と第二の下流区域での白金含有量を示す。CO(g)及びHC(g)の数字は、ディーゼル酸化触媒の出口で測定された一酸化炭素と炭化水素に対するものである。「標準化されたCO(g)変換率」と「標準化されたHC(g)変換率」は、均一にコーティングされた低ウォッシュコート含有量(1.4kgm −3 (40gft −3 ))(比較例2)に対するものである。全ての実施形態において全体の白金含有量は一定であった。
Claims (11)
- エンジン管理手段を備えた圧縮点火内燃機関と、排気ガス後処理用触媒を有してなる、車両であって、
前記エンジン管理手段が、使用中にアイドル条件を検出し、アイドル条件の存在を決定してエンジンを全体的に停止させるように構成されてなるものであり、
前記触媒が、一種以上の貴金属を含む触媒ウォッシュコートでコーティングされたハニカム基材モノリスを備えてなり、
前記触媒ウォッシュコートが、上流側ウォッシュコート区域から下流側ウォッシュコート区域に渡り延在するものであり、
前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域におけるウォッシュコート層が、前記下流側ウォッシュコート区域におけるウォッシュコート層と連続するものであり、
前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域における熱質量が、前記下流側ウォッシュコート区域における熱質量より小さく、
前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域の貴金属の含有量が、前記ハニカム基材モノリスの貴金属の含有量全体の55〜90%であり、
前記ハニカム基材モノリスが全長を有してなり、
前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域が、前記ハニカム基材モノリスの入口端部によって上流端部が定められ、かつ、前記入口端部から測定された前記ハニカム基材モノリスの前記全長の20%〜40%の間の地点によって下流端部が定められてなる、車両。 - 前記下流側ウォッシュコート区域における、前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域と比べてより大きい熱質量が、前記下流側ウォッシュコート区域における、前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域と比べてより厚いウォッシュコート層により付与されてなる、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 前記より厚いウォッシュコート層が、0.2〜0.6gcm −3 (4〜10gin -3 )のウォッシュコート含有量で付与されてなる、請求項2に記載の車両。
- 前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域は前記下流側ウォッシュコート区域より薄いウォッシュコート層を有し、前記より薄いウォッシュコート層は0.06〜0.21gcm −3 (1〜3.5gin −3 )のウォッシュコート含有量を有してなる、請求項2又は3に記載の車両。
- 前記下流側ウォッシュコート区域における、前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域と比べてより大きい熱質量が、少なくとも3.50gcm-3の密度を有するウォッシュコート成分により付与されてなる、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 前記ウォッシュコート成分が、アルファアルミナ、ランタナ、セリウムII酸化物、セリウムIII酸化物及びジルコニアからなる群より選択されてなる、請求項5に記載の車両。
- 前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域の貴金属の含有量が、前記ハニカム基材モノリスの貴金属の含有量全体の60〜80%である、請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載の車両。
- 前記ハニカム基材モノリスの体積に対する前記ハニカム基材モノリスにおける貴金属の含有量全体が、0.53〜11kgm −3 (15〜300gft −3 )である、請求項1〜7の何れか一項に記載の車両。
- 前記一種以上の貴金属が、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、金、銀及びこれらの2つ以上の混合物から構成される群より選択されてなる、請求項1〜8の何れか一項に記載の車両。
- 前記貴金属が、白金、パラジウム、白金とパラジウムの混合物又はパラジウムと金の組み合わせである、請求項9に記載の車両。
- 前記上流側ウォッシュコート区域における前記貴金属又は貴金属の組み合わせが、前記下流側ウォッシュコート区域における貴金属又は貴金属の組み合わせと異なるものである、請求項9又は10に記載の車両。
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PCT/GB2010/052148 WO2011077125A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2010-12-20 | Exhaust system for a vehicle having a "stop- start" compression ignition engine |
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US20110146251A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
DE102010063714A1 (de) | 2011-09-01 |
DE102010063714C5 (de) | 2018-03-29 |
RU2554158C2 (ru) | 2015-06-27 |
KR20120113231A (ko) | 2012-10-12 |
JP2013515201A (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
GB2476390A (en) | 2011-06-22 |
CN102762831B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
EP2516812A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
GB201021497D0 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
RU2012131219A (ru) | 2014-01-27 |
GB0922194D0 (en) | 2010-02-03 |
BR112012015197A2 (pt) | 2016-04-26 |
BR112012015197B1 (pt) | 2021-02-02 |
CN102762831A (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
KR101744364B1 (ko) | 2017-06-07 |
DE102010063714B4 (de) | 2014-05-15 |
GB2476390B (en) | 2014-01-15 |
WO2011077125A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
EP2516812B1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
US9273583B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
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