JP5958948B1 - p21活性化キナーゼ阻害剤 - Google Patents
p21活性化キナーゼ阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5958948B1 JP5958948B1 JP2015561819A JP2015561819A JP5958948B1 JP 5958948 B1 JP5958948 B1 JP 5958948B1 JP 2015561819 A JP2015561819 A JP 2015561819A JP 2015561819 A JP2015561819 A JP 2015561819A JP 5958948 B1 JP5958948 B1 JP 5958948B1
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- mimosine
- pak1
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- fmoc
- activated kinase
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Abstract
Description
ミモシン(β−[N−(3−ヒドロキシ−4−ピリドン)]−α−アミノプロピオン酸)は、ピリジン環の窒素原子に結合したアラニン側鎖を有する非タンパク質アミノ酸である(下記式(2a))。ミモシン誘導体としては、下記式(2b)で表されるミモシノール、下記式(2)で表されるミモシンテトラペプチドが例示される。
ミモシンおよび炭酸ナトリウムをジオキサンを含有する蒸留水に溶解し、この溶液にFmoc−OSuを添加し、室温で一晩インキュベートする。次いで、炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加し、攪拌した後、この溶液をろ過し、次いで酢酸エチルで洗浄して、未反応のFmoc−OSu、副産物である9−フルオレニルメタノールおよび9−メチレンフルオレンを除去する。氷浴中で、塩酸を用いて水画分のpHを4程度にまで下げることによって、Fmoc−ミモシンの結晶が析出する。
Fmoc−アミノ酸(Fmoc−X1−OH)のジメチルアセトアミド溶液に、1−ヒドロキシ−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール(HOBt)およびN,N’−ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド(DIC)を添加し、攪拌する。この溶液にN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)中で膨張させたWang樹脂を添加し、攪拌する(図1A参照)。この樹脂をろ過し、ジクロロメタン、イソプロピルアルコールおよびメタノールで洗浄し、真空条件下で乾燥する。DMF中にて25%ピぺリジン(試薬a)によりFmocの脱保護を行った後、次のアミノ酸(Fmoc−X2−OH)を、試薬b(Fmocアミノ酸、HOBt、HBTUおよびN,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(DIEA)の混合物)に結合させ、さらに攪拌する(図1B参照)。このジペプチドに、同様にして、Fmocアミノ酸(Fmoc−X3−OH)を結合させてトリペプチドを形成する。さらに同様にして上記で調製したFmoc−ミモシンを加えて結合させた後、95%トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA;試薬k)で攪拌する(図1C参照)。この樹脂をろ過し、TFAで洗浄した後、得られたろ液から氷冷されたジエチルエーテルで沈殿を生じさせることによって、ミモシンテトラペプチドが得られる。
ククルビタシン化合物としては、ククルビタシンA、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、Iなどが含まれるが、このうち、下記式(3)で表されるククルビタシンIがPAK1阻害活性に優れることから好適に用いられる。
DKおよびDDKの調製:
琉球大学(沖縄県中頭郡西原町千原1)のキャンパスにてゲットウ(Alpinia zerumbet)を採取した。ゲットウ2kgに水10Lを加え、約20分間煮沸した。抽出液を室温で冷却後、吸引濾過によって濾過した(アズワン社製、 Shaking Baths SB-20)。ろ液を40℃、真空下で1Lまで濃縮し、ヘキサンで抽出した(3×500mL)。有機層を真空下で蒸発乾固させた。乾燥後の粗抽出物を水中で煮沸した後濾過した。残渣をHLPCで分離精製し、DKを得た。ろ液を4℃に冷却して結晶化させ、結晶をHPLCで分離精製してDDKを得た。DKとDDKの精製において、移動相には、0.1%酢酸水溶液(溶媒A)と0.1%酢酸メタノール溶液(溶媒B)を使用する勾配溶出を採用した。勾配溶出の条件は、1〜10分の間は、溶媒Aと溶媒Bの1:1混液を用いる定組成溶離、10〜20分の間は、溶媒Bが50〜100%に変化する直線勾配、20〜30分の間は、溶媒Bが100%の定組成溶離、30〜35分の間は、溶媒Bが100〜50%に変化する直線勾配とした。流速は0.8ml/min、吸光波長は280nmとした。
ヒスピジン誘導体(H1−3)の調製:
ヒスピジン3mgを0.6mLのメタノール:CH2Cl2(1:5)溶液に溶解した。この溶液を0℃に冷却し、ジアゾメタンCH2Cl2溶液0.5mlを加えた。混合物を4℃で一晩保存した。溶媒を留去し、残留物をPTLCで精製し、淡黄色粉末(2mg、67%収率)を得た。化合物H1(3.5mg)はMeOH:CHCl3(1:1)溶液0.82mLに溶解し、Pd/C(0.65mg)10%存在下で2時間撹拌した。混合物を濾過し、溶媒を真空下で除去した。カラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製により、白色固体(3mg、85%)として化合物H2を得た。同様の手順によりヒスピジンからH3を調製した。以下に得られたヒスピジン誘導体の1H スペクトルデータを示す。なお、1Hスペクトルは、D2OのJEOL JNM−ECA400(JEOL、日本)で記録した。また、ケミカルシフトは、TMSに関連づけられたppm(δ)で表した。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:
7.43(d,1H,CH),7.07(dd,1H,CH),7.00(d,1H,CH),6.85(d,1H,CH),6.43(d,1H,CH),5.89(d,1H,CH),5.46(d,1H,CH),3.91(s,3H,OCH3),3.89(s,3H,OCH3),3.81(s,3H,OCH3).
(ヒスピジン誘導体H2)
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:
6.77(d,1H,CH),6.69(dd,1H,CH),6.66(d,1H,CH),5.69(d,1H,CH),5.40(d,1H,CH),3.84(s,3H,OCH3),3.83(s,3H,OCH3),3.76(s,3H,OCH3),2.91(m,2H,CH2),2.71(m,2H,CH2).
(ヒスピジン誘導体H3)
1H NMR(DMSO,400MHz)δ:
7.29(d,1H,CH),7.20(dd,1H,CH),6.76(d,1H,CH),6.11(d,1H,CH),5.26(d,1H,CH),3.34(m,2H,CH2),2.99(m,2H,CH2).
ミモシンの調製:
琉球大学農学部周辺で採取したギンネムの葉1.5kgを、5Lの水で10分間煮沸した。抽出液を冷却後、吸引濾過によって濾過し(アズワン社製、 Shaking Baths SB-20)、ろ液にイオン交換樹脂(アンバーライトIR120プラス(H))2kgを添加した。この抽出液・樹脂混合物を30分間撹拌した後一晩放置した。このイオン交換樹脂を蒸留水で5〜6回すすぎ、クロロフィルを取り除くために80%のエタノール5Lを滴下した。この樹脂を2N水酸化アンモニウム6Lで溶出して粗ミモシンを得た。この溶出物を40℃、減圧下で300mLまで濃縮し、pHを6N塩酸で4.5〜5.0に調節し、冷凍庫に一晩置いて結晶化させた。得られた結晶を5N NaOHを用いてpH9.0とした後、これに6N HClを加えてpH4.5〜5.0とすることで再結晶させ、さらに4℃で放置することで精製ミモシンを得た。ミモシンは−20℃で保管した。
ミモシノールの調製:
トリフルオロメチルスルホン酸(187μL、2mmol)CH2Cl2溶液3.4mLを、25mL容の丸底フラスコに取り、これを室温で撹拌した。次いで、トリス(トリエチルシリル)シラン(618μL、2mmol)溶液を滴加し、この混合物を溶液が透明になるまで3時間、室温で撹拌した。ミモシン(0.4g、2mmol)を、前記丸底フラスコ中に取り、次いでイミダゾール(0.15g、2.2mmol)を含む、3.4mlのDMF−CH2Cl2混液(1:1)を加えた。反応フラスコを0℃に冷却し、トリス(トリエチルシリル)シリルトリフレートを滴加した。滴下終了後、反応物を2時間室温下で撹拌し、ろ過した。ろ液から溶媒を留去することで、ミモシントリス(トリエチルシリル)シリルエステル(以下、「ミモシンエステル」ということがある)が得られた。
(ミモシノール)
1H−NMR(D2O,400MHz)δ:
7.93(s,1H,CH),7.28(s,1H,CH),3.02-2.86(d,2H,CH),2.08-1.91(s,2H,CH2),1.58-1.54(m,2H,CH2),1.22-1.11(m,1H,CH).
ミモシン誘導体の調製(MFFY):
Fmoc固相合成法により、ミモシン(M)にトリペプチドを結合してテトラペプチドの合成を行った。ハイペップ研究所から入手したFmoc−アミノ酸を用いて、最初の結合は、チロシン(Y)で行い、次にフェニルアラニン(F)を結合してジペプチドを形成し、さらに、フェニルアラニン(F)を結合してトリペプチドを形成した。形成されたジペプチドを別途調製したFmoc−ミモシンと結合してミモシンテトラペプチドを得た。より具体的な製法を以下に示す。
5gのミモシンおよび5.5gの炭酸ナトリウムを75mLのジオキサンを含有する蒸留水75mLに溶解した。この溶液に12.5gのN−(9−フルオレニルメトキシカルボニルオキシ)コハク酸イミド(Fmoc−OSu)を添加し、この混合液を室温で一晩インキュベートした。次に、300mLの炭酸ナトリウム溶液(0.1M)を添加し、さらにマグネチックスターラー(300rpm)で5時間、25℃で攪拌した。得られた溶液(450mL)をろ過し、酢酸エチル(150mL)で洗浄して未反応のFmoc−OSu、副産物である9−フルオレニルメタノールおよび9−メチレンフルオレンを除去した。氷浴中で、6N 塩酸を用いて水画分のpHを4に下げ、Fmoc−ミモシンを結晶として得た。これをろ過し、真空条件下で乾燥した(収量7.108g)。
Fmoc−L−チロシン1.6mmolのジメチルアセトアミド溶液5mLに、1−ヒドロキシ−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール(HOBt)1.6mmolおよびN,N’−ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド(DIC)1.6mmolを添加し、10分間攪拌した。この溶液にDMF中で膨張させたWang樹脂1gを添加し、反応混合物を17時間攪拌した(図1A参照)。この樹脂をろ過し、ジクロロメタン、イソプロピルアルコールおよびメタノールで洗浄し、真空条件下で乾燥した。DMF中にて30分間、25%ピぺリジン(試薬a)によりFmocの脱保護を行った後、次のアミノ酸Fmoc−L−フェニルアラニンを、樹脂混合溶液(Fmocアミノ酸:HOBt:HBTU:N,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(DIEA)=4:3:3.6:8;試薬b)に結合させた。この反応混合物をさらに1時間攪拌した(図1B参照)。
次に上記と同様にして、テトラペプチドを形成するために、Fmoc−L−フェニルアラニンをジペプチドに結合した。さらに上記で調製したFmoc−ミモシンを加え、同様にして結合させた後、この樹脂を、1時間、95%のトリフルオロ酢酸(TFA;試薬k)でゆっくり攪拌した(図1C参照)。この樹脂をろ過した後、TFAで洗浄し、得られたろ過液から、氷冷されたジエチルエーテルで沈殿を生じさせた。得られた沈殿をろ過し、ジエチルエーテルで3回洗浄した後、真空条件下で乾燥して目的のミモシンテトラペプチドを得た(M−FFY)。得られた粗ペプチドは白色固体であり、収量は80.2mgであった。この粗ペプチドをさらに下記条件の液体クロマトグラフィーによって精製した。
LC−MS(ESI−)m/z:693.2([M−H]+)
カラム:Cadenza CD−C18 カラム(20×100mm;3μm)
移動相:0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸/CH3CN(1.5/8.5)
流量:5mL/分
ミモシン誘導体の調製(MFYY):
2番目に結合させるFmocアミノ酸としてFmoc−L−チロシン(Y)、3番目に結合させるFmocアミノ酸としてFmoc−L−フェニルアラニン(F)を用いた以外は製造例1と同様にしてミモチンテトラペプチド(M−FYY)を得た(収量65.7mg)。
LC−MS(ESI−)m/z:670.1([M−H]+)
ミモシン誘導体の調製(MFWY):
2番目に結合させるFmocアミノ酸としてFmoc−L−トリプトファン(W)、3番目に結合させるFmocアミノ酸としてFmoc−L−フェニルアラニン(F)を用いた以外は製造例1と同様にしてミモチンテトラペプチド(M−FWY)を得た(収量71.5mg)。
LC−MS(ESI−)m/z:654.2([M−H]+)
デヒドロカワイン化合物、ミモシン又はそれらの誘導体、ククルビタシンIのPAK阻害活性を測定した。PAK1阻害活性は、ADP-GloTM kinase assay kit (V4479,Promega, Madison, WI)を用いて行った。反応濃度25ngのヒトPAK1(10μL)を各濃度の試験化合物5μLと10分間インキュベートした。反応開始にあたって、2.5 X ATP/substrate mix (10μL)を添加し、40分間インキュベートした。反応は、ADP-Glo reagent 25μLを添加して停止させた。さらにKinase detection reagent50μLを加え、ADPからATPへの変換と新たに合成されたATPによる発光反応をおこなった。30分間のインキュベーション後、各ウェルの発光量をマイクロプレートリーダー(MTP-880Lab、Corona)によって、0.5秒の積分時間で測定した。ブランクウェルには、試験化合物と酵素以外の全ての成分を添加した。すべての手順は室温下で行った。阻害率は阻害剤を添加しなかった対照のキナーゼ活性に対する値として求めた。各試験化合物のIC50を表1に示す。なおクエルセチン、レスベラトロール、クルクミンについても同様にしてIC50を求めた。
ミモシンテトラペプチドも高いPAK1阻害活性も示した。特にMFFYとMFWYのIC50は、それぞれ0.13と0.60μMであり、ナノモル濃度のレベルでPAK1を阻害した。
Claims (5)
- デヒドロカワイン化合物及びその誘導体、ミモシン及びその誘導体並びにククルビタシン化合物よりなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上の化合物を有効成分として含有し、デヒドロカワイン化合物及びその誘導体が、5,6−デヒドロカワイン、ジヒドロ−5,6−デヒドロカワイン、ヒスピジン、6-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-one、6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-one、および6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-oneよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上であり、ミモシン及びその誘導体が、ミモシン、ミモシノール及び下記式(2)
[式1]
(式(2)中、基X 3 −X 2 −X 1 が、Phe−Phe−Tyr、Phe−Tyr−Tyr及びPhe−Trp−Tyrよりなる群から選ばれるトリペプチド残基を示す)
で表されるミモシンテトラペプチドよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上であり、ククルビタシン化合物がククルビタシンIであるp21活性化キナーゼ阻害剤。 - 請求項1記載のp21活性化キナーゼ阻害剤を有効成分として含有する抗腫瘍剤。
- 請求項1記載のp21活性化キナーゼ阻害剤を有効成分として含有する糖尿病の予防・治療剤。
- 請求項1記載のp21活性化キナーゼ阻害剤を有効成分として含有する高血圧の予防・治療剤。
- 請求項1記載のp21活性化キナーゼ阻害剤を有効成分として含有するアルツハイマー病の予防・治療剤。
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