JP5948350B2 - 燃料電池用触媒 - Google Patents
燃料電池用触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5948350B2 JP5948350B2 JP2013552262A JP2013552262A JP5948350B2 JP 5948350 B2 JP5948350 B2 JP 5948350B2 JP 2013552262 A JP2013552262 A JP 2013552262A JP 2013552262 A JP2013552262 A JP 2013552262A JP 5948350 B2 JP5948350 B2 JP 5948350B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- catalyst layer
- membrane
- fuel cell
- layer according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 110
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- -1 methanol or ethanol Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006378 biaxially oriented polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011127 biaxially oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108700038980 S-((2-chloroethyl)carbamoyl)glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/847—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
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- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
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- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
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- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Composite Materials (AREA)
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Description
1/2O2+2H++2e−→H2O
として無変化のままであり、アノードでの正常な燃料セル反応−水素酸化反応(HOR):
H2→2H++2e−
はもはや維持できず、ついで、アノードでは電流を維持するために他の電気化学反応が起こる。これらの反応は、典型的には水の電気分解−酸素発生反応(OER):
H2O→1/2O2+2H++2e−
又は、炭素の電気化学的酸化:
1/2C+H2O→1/2CO2+2H++2e−
のいずれかでありうる。
これらの反応は双方とも、カソードでの酸素還元反応よりも高い絶対ポテンシャルで生じる(ゆえにセル電圧反転)。
H+→2e−+H2
(i)水素酸化反応を促進させる第1の触媒材料;及び
(ii)酸素発生反応を促進させ、イリジウム又は酸化イリジウム、及び一又は複数の金属M又はその酸化物を含み、Mが遷移金属及びSnからなる群から選択される第2の触媒材料
を含む触媒層において、第1の触媒材料が第2の触媒材料に支持されていることを特徴とする触媒層を提供する。
(i)白金族金属(白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム又はオスミウム)、又は
(ii)金又は銀、又は
(iii)卑金属
又はその酸化物
から適切に選択される金属(一次金属)を含む。
(i)プロトン伝導性膜が2つの電極(一方はアノード、もう一方はカソード)に挟まれ、その少なくとも一方が本発明の電極であり;
(ii)一方の側のみが触媒層でコートされた触媒化膜が、(a)ガス拡散層と電極に間に挟まれ、触媒層がコートされた膜の側にガス拡散層が接触し、又は(b)2つの電極の間に挟まれ、触媒層と電極(類)の少なくとも一つが本発明のものであり;
(iii)触媒層で両面がコートされた触媒化膜が、(a)2つのガス拡散層、(b)ガス拡散層と電極、又は(c)2つの電極の間に挟まれ、触媒層と電極(類)の少なくとも一つが本発明のものである。
IrCl3(76.28g、0.21mol Ir)を水(500ml)に懸濁させ、一晩攪拌した。TaCl5(32.24g、0.090mol Ta)を攪拌しつつ濃塩酸(200ml)に添加し、わずかにミルク状の溶液を得た。Ta溶液をIrCl3溶液に入れて攪拌し、使用準備が整うまで維持した。溶液を噴霧乾燥させ、空気中でか焼して、70at%Ir 30at%Taの混合酸化物触媒を得た。
2.0gのPtを含むヘキサクロロ白金酸(H2PtCl6)溶液を水で500mlに希釈した。ギ酸(60ml)をPt溶液に添加し、攪拌した。得られた溶液にIrTa酸化物(18.0g)を、急速に攪拌しつつ添加した。6日間、攪拌し続けた。濾過によってスラリーを集め、水で十分に洗浄し、105℃で空気乾燥させた。生成物をモルタルと乳鉢で粉砕した。
収量:19.4g
金属アッセイ(重量%):Pt=9.21%、Ir=46.3%、Ta=18.5%
CO金属面積=13.6m2/g−Pt
Pt及びIrTa酸化物相を示すものとして特徴付けられたXRD;Pt微結晶サイズ〜5.4nm、IrTa酸化物相の微結晶サイズ〜7.0nm、格子定数a=4.584Å、c=3.175Å。
Claims (13)
- (i)水素酸化反応を促進させる第1の触媒材料;及び
(ii)酸素発生反応を促進させる第2の触媒材料であって、イリジウム又は酸化イリジウムと、一又は複数の金属M又はその酸化物を含み、MがRu以外の遷移金属及びSnからなる群から選択される第2の触媒材料
を含む触媒層において、第1の触媒材料が第2の触媒材料に支持されていることを特徴とするプロトン交換膜燃料電池のためのアノード触媒層。 - 全ての第1の触媒材料が第2の触媒材料に支持されている請求項1に記載の触媒層。
- Mが、IVB、VB及びVIB族の金属及びSnからなる群から選択される請求項1又は2に記載の触媒層。
- Mが、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta及びSnからなる群から選択される請求項1又は2に記載の触媒層。
- 第2の触媒材料が少なくとも10m2/gの表面積を有する請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒層。
- 第2の触媒材料が微粒子、エアロゲル、針状又は繊維状である請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒層。
- 第1の触媒材料が、
(i)白金族金属(白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム又はオスミウム)、又は
(ii)金又は銀、又は
(iii)卑金属
又はその酸化物
から適切に選択される金属(一次金属)を含む請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒層。 - ガス拡散層と請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒層を含む電極。
- 固体ポリマー膜と請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒層を含む触媒化膜。
- 移動基材と請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒層を含む触媒化移動基材。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒層、請求項8に記載の電極、又は請求項9に記載の触媒化膜を含む膜電極アセンブリ。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒層、請求項8に記載の電極、又は請求項9に記載の触媒化膜を含む燃料電池。
- 燃料電池がプロトン交換膜燃料電池である、請求項12に記載の燃料電池。
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GB1102138.3A GB2490300A (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2011-02-08 | Catalyst for fuel cells |
GB1102138.3 | 2011-02-08 | ||
PCT/GB2012/050168 WO2012107738A1 (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-01-27 | Catalyst for fuel cells |
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JP2014510993A JP2014510993A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
JP2014510993A5 JP2014510993A5 (ja) | 2015-03-19 |
JP5948350B2 true JP5948350B2 (ja) | 2016-07-06 |
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JP (1) | JP5948350B2 (ja) |
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CN (2) | CN103501896A (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2012107738A1 (ja) |
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GB201302014D0 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-03-20 | Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Ltd | Use of an anode catalyst layer |
WO2015088579A1 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-18 | General Electric Company | Polymeric-metal composite electrode-based electrochemical device for generating oxidants |
GB201322494D0 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-02-05 | Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Ltd | Catalyst layer |
US9468909B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2016-10-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Metal oxide stabilized platinum-based ORR catalyst |
GB201415846D0 (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2014-10-22 | Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Ltd | Catalyst |
JP6290056B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-22 | 2018-03-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 触媒層、その製造方法、膜電極接合体および電気化学セル |
US20170062851A1 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-03-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel cell stack end cells with improved diagnostic capabilities |
KR101884642B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-08-30 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 재생 연료전지용 산소 전극, 이를 포함하는 재생 연료전지 및 상기 산소 전극의 제조 방법 |
GB201719463D0 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-01-10 | Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Ltd | Catalyst |
US11404702B2 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2022-08-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst comprising Pt, Ni, and Cr |
EP3776701A1 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2021-02-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst |
EP3776704B1 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2022-12-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst |
CN112042023A (zh) | 2018-04-13 | 2020-12-04 | 3M创新有限公司 | 催化剂 |
EP3776703B1 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2024-02-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Catalyst |
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WO2020064500A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | Max Planck Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Wissenschaften eV | Electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (her) with delafossite oxides abo2 |
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JP7131535B2 (ja) | 2019-12-02 | 2022-09-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用触媒層 |
CN113497235B (zh) * | 2020-03-18 | 2023-04-07 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池膜电极及其制备方法、燃料电池 |
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GB0914562D0 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2009-09-30 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst layer |
-
2011
- 2011-02-08 GB GB1102138.3A patent/GB2490300A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-01-27 WO PCT/GB2012/050168 patent/WO2012107738A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-27 CN CN201280008255.1A patent/CN103501896A/zh active Pending
- 2012-01-27 JP JP2013552262A patent/JP5948350B2/ja active Active
- 2012-01-27 US US13/984,089 patent/US20130330650A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-01-27 EP EP12703567.3A patent/EP2673083A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-27 CN CN202010680615.9A patent/CN111921533A/zh active Pending
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- 2012-01-27 KR KR1020137023405A patent/KR101856277B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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2017
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103501896A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
WO2012107738A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
EP3960288A1 (en) | 2022-03-02 |
EP2673083A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
EP3187262A1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
CN111921533A (zh) | 2020-11-13 |
EP3187262B1 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
GB201102138D0 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
GB2490300A (en) | 2012-10-31 |
KR101856277B1 (ko) | 2018-05-09 |
KR20140049970A (ko) | 2014-04-28 |
US20130330650A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
JP2014510993A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
US20170125821A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
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