JP5931520B2 - 送達剤のマイクロ粒子またはナノ粒子を含む医薬製剤 - Google Patents
送達剤のマイクロ粒子またはナノ粒子を含む医薬製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5931520B2 JP5931520B2 JP2012055454A JP2012055454A JP5931520B2 JP 5931520 B2 JP5931520 B2 JP 5931520B2 JP 2012055454 A JP2012055454 A JP 2012055454A JP 2012055454 A JP2012055454 A JP 2012055454A JP 5931520 B2 JP5931520 B2 JP 5931520B2
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- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011552 rat model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002354 repaglinide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004366 reverse phase liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004007 reversed phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004586 rosiglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005336 safety glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001507 sample dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sibutramine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C1(C(N(C)C)CC(C)C)CCC1 UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004425 sibutramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- OABYVIYXWMZFFJ-ZUHYDKSRSA-M sodium glycocholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 OABYVIYXWMZFFJ-ZUHYDKSRSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001562 sternum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007916 tablet composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940019375 tiludronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003106 tissue adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005371 tolbutamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950009811 ubenimex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003726 vasopressin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001729 voglibose Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/28—Insulins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/145—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
- A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
- A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
- A61K9/2081—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets with microcapsules or coated microparticles according to A61K9/50
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
- A61K9/2806—Coating materials
- A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/284—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- A61K9/2846—Poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/4858—Organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
- A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
Landscapes
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- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
Arは、フェニルまたはナフチルであり;
Arは、1個もしくは複数の-OH、ハロゲン、C1〜C4アルキル、C1〜C4アルケニル、C1〜C4アルコキシまたはC1〜C4ハロアルコキシで任意選択で置換されていてもよく;
R1は、C3〜C20アルキル、C4〜C20アルケニル、フェニル、ナフチル、(C1〜C10アルキル)フェニル、(C1〜C10アルケニル)フェニル、(C1〜C10アルキル)ナフチル、(C1〜C10アルケニル)ナフチル、フェニル(C1〜C10アルキル)、フェニル(C1〜C10アルケニル)、ナフチル(C1〜C10アルキル)、またはナフチル(C1〜C10アルケニル)であり;
R1は、C1〜C4アルキル、C2〜C4アルケニル、C1〜C4アルコキシ、C1〜C4ハロアルコキシ、-OH、-SH、-CO2R8、またはこれらのいずれかの組合せで、任意選択により置換されていてもよく;
R2は、水素、C1〜C4アルキル、またはC2〜C4アルケニルであり;
R1は、酸素、窒素、硫黄、またはこれらのいずれかの組合せで任意選択により中断されていてもよい。
式A中の用語「2-OH-Ar」は、2位にヒドロキシル基を有するフェニル基またはナフチル基を指す。
R1、R2、R3およびR4は独立に、H、-OH、ハロゲン、C1〜C4アルキル、C2〜C4アルケニル、C1〜C4アルコキシ、-C(O)R8、-NO2、-NR9R10、または-N+R9R10R11(R12)-であり;
R5は、H、-OH、-NO2、ハロゲン、-CF3、-NR14R15、-N+R14R15R16(R13)-、アミド、C1〜C12アルコキシ、C1〜C12アルキル、C2〜C12アルケニル、カルバミン酸エステル、炭酸エステル、尿素、または-C(O)R18であり;
R5は、ハロゲン、-OH、-SH、または-COOHで任意選択で置換されていてもよく;
R5は、O、N、Sまたは-C(O)-で任意選択により中断されていてもよく;
R6は、C1〜C12アルキレン、C2〜C12アルケニレンまたはアリーレンであり;
R6は、C1〜C4アルキル、C2〜C4アルケニル、C1〜C4アルコキシ、-OH、-SH、ハロゲン、-NH2または-CO2R8で任意選択により置換されていてもよく;
R6は、OまたはNで任意選択により妨害されていてもよく;
R7は、結合またはアリーレンであり;
R7は、-OH、ハロゲン、-C(O)CH3、-NR10R11、または-N+R10R11R12(R13)-で任意選択により置換されていてもよく;
R8は、H、C1〜C4アルキル、C2〜C4アルケニル、または-NH2であり;
R9、R10、R11およびR12は独立に、HまたはC1〜C10アルキルであり;
R13は、ハライド、ヒドロキシド、サルフェート、テトラフルオロボレートまたはホスフェートであり;
R14、R15およびR16は独立に、H、C1〜C10アルキル、-COOHで置換されているC1〜C10アルキル、C2〜C12アルケニル、-COOHまたは-C(O)R17で置換されているC2〜C12アルケニルであり;
R17は、-OH、C1〜C10アルキル、またはC2〜C12アルケニルであり;かつ
R18は、H、C1〜C6アルキル、-OH、-NR14R15、N+R14R15R16(R13)-である。
R1、R2、R3、R4およびR5は独立に、H、-CN、-OH、-OCH3、またはハロゲンであり、少なくともR1、R2、R3、R4およびR5のうちの1つは-CNであり;
R6は、C1〜C12の直鎖または分枝の、アルキレン、アルケニレン、アリーレン、アルキル(アリーレン)またはアリール(アルキレン)である。
Xは各々、水素、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、またはC1〜C3アルコキシであり、
Rは、置換もしくは非置換のC1〜C3アルキレン、または置換もしくは非置換のC2〜C3アルケニレンであり、
nは、1から4までの整数である。
Xは、ハロゲンであり、Rは、置換もしくは非置換のC1〜C3アルキレン、または置換もしくは非置換のC2〜C3アルケニレンである。
本明細書に記載されている「粒子」、「マイクロビーズ」、および「顆粒」は、任意の形状であってよく、送達剤化合物および/または活性剤に加えて、1種または複数の成分を含んでいてもよい。所定の任意の粒子、マイクロビーズ、または顆粒の具体的な成分は、用いる方法によって決まることもあり、1バッチ分由来の、個々の粒子、マイクロビーズまたは顆粒において、必ずしも同一であるわけではない。
機器: Mastersizer 2000 (EQ202、モデルMS2K、製造番号34315-67)
製造会社: MALVERN instruments、英国
ソフトウェア: Mastersizer 2000
付属品: Scirocco 2000 (A) (モデルADA2000、製造番号34270/73)
分散: 乾式分散
解析モデル: 汎用
粒子RI: 1.520
曇り度: 1〜6%
基準: サンプル分散ユニットのためのMalvern品質監査基準
送達剤化合物は、参照により本明細書に援用する、米国特許第5650386号および第5866536号ならびに国際公開番号WO94/23767、WO95/11690、WO95/28920、WO95/28838、WO96/10396、WO96/09813、WO96/12473、WO96/12475、WO96/30036、WO96/33699、WO97/31938、WO97/36480、WO98/21951、WO98/25589、WO98/34632、WO98/49135、WO99/16427、WO00/06534、WO00/07979、WO00/40203、WO00/46182、WO00/47188、WO00/48589、WO00/50386、WO00/59863、WO00/59480、WO01/32130、WO01/32596、WO01/34114、WO01/44199、WO01/51454、WO01/70219、WO01/92206、WO02/02509、WO02/15959、WO02/16309、WO02/20466、WO02/19969、WO02/070438、WO03/026582、WO02/100338、WO03/045306、WO03/26582、およびWO03/057170に記載されているもののいずれかであってよい。
本発明における使用に適した活性剤には、生物学的活性剤および化学的活性剤が含まれ、これには殺虫剤、薬物および治療薬が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。好適な活性剤には、胃腸管において、酸加水分解、酵素などによって効果が減少するもの、無効になるもの、または破壊されるものが含まれる。同様に、好適な活性剤としては、経口投与した場合に、サイズ、構造または電荷などの生理化学的特性が、吸収を禁止または妨害する高分子薬剤が含まれる。
本発明の固体剤形は、胃での崩壊を抑制または遅延するように製剤し得る。本発明における使用に適した放出制御製剤は、例えば、腸溶性コーティングを含むか、または表面から侵食されるように製剤し得る。
本発明の固体剤形(本発明のマイクロ粒子またはナノ粒子を含み、かつ/または上記の崩壊時間を有する)は、酵素阻害剤を含んでもよい。固体単位剤形に組み込まれる酵素阻害剤は、酵素による分解を受け易い可能性のあるインスリンまたは他の活性剤の崩壊を抑制することができる。酵素阻害剤は、参照により本明細書に援用する米国特許第6458383号に記載されている。
以下の実施例は、制限することなく本発明を例示するものである。他に特に指示がない限り、割合はすべて重量で示す。
1. 試験品
a. 部位特異的in situ実験および強制経口投与実験に使用する、共処理したインスリン/送達剤マイクロ粒子
組換えヒト亜鉛インスリン(50mg)および4-CNABナトリウム(7.5g)を脱イオン水50mlに溶かした。この澄明溶液を窒素気流で、室温にて24時間乾燥させた。得られた共処理ケーキを粉砕して微粒子にし、次いで40/60メッシュスクリーンを通して篩にかけ、特定の粒径範囲のマイクロ粒子を得た。本試験において使用したマイクロ粒子の粒径は、250〜420μmの範囲であった。これらのマイクロ粒子には、0.55重量%のインスリン、9.5重量%の水、および89.5重量%の送達剤が含まれていた。合計約90%(w/w)のインスリンを、この工程から回収した。
ゼラチンカプセル剤(サイズ#9)をラットの試験に使用した。ラットの平均体重350mgに基づいて、マイクロ粒子の必要量を決定し、ゼラチンカプセル内に手で充填した。充填した各カプセル剤には、約16mg(インスリン0.0875mgに相当)のマイクロ粒子が入っていた。
インスリンと送達剤とを1:150(w/w)の比率でよく混合した。これは、0.67%(w/w)のインスリンに相当した。ラットの平均体重350mgに基づいて、インスリン0.175mgと送達剤26.26mgとを含む混合粉末の総量26.43mgを、Carverプレス中、1000psiの圧力下で直接圧縮して錠剤にした。円柱形の小型錠剤は、直径2mmおよび高さ6mmであった。
インスリンと送達剤とを1:150(w/w)の比率でよく混合した。ラットの平均体重350mgに基づいて、インスリンと送達剤との混合物の量を決定し、ゼラチンカプセル(サイズ#9)内に手で充填した。各カプセル剤には、26.43mgの混合物(インスリン0.175mgに相当)が入っていた。
直接投与手法についての概略図を図1に示す。清潔な白衣、マスク、安全保護眼鏡、手袋、および手術帽を使用して、汚染されていない環境で手術を行った。Sprague Dawleyラットに導入濃度として5%イソフルランを用いて麻酔状態を誘発させ、試験が完了するまで純酸素中2%イソフルランで麻酔を維持した。
血液採取用に右頚静脈にカテーテルを挿入した後、食道および気管上の皮膚を切開し、顎二腹筋の吻側腹部(保護用筋束)を確認し、食道へ向かって接近するように切開した。食道を一部切開し、6〜9cmある食道の切片に対して12cmのPE204管を挿入した。投与製剤を、この管を通じて導入し、先端の尖っていない鋼線を使用してマイクロ粒子を押し込んだ。投与後、胃から何も漏出しないようにするために、食道を3-0絹縫合糸で縛った。
血液採取用に右頚静脈にカテーテルを挿入した後、白線を胸骨に向かって切開することによって腹腔を開き、次いで、剣状軟骨を露出した。空腸に最も近い部分を最初に確認した。近接した空腸の血管部分を一部挟み、投与管を遠位端に向かって導入した。投与後、投与管を除去し、2cmのPE206管を押し込んで、挟み傷が2cm管の両端の中央に位置するように設置した。縫合糸を管に巻きつけて両端で空腸と共に結び、少量のvetbond(登録商標)組織接着剤(ミネソタ州、セントポールの3Mから入手可能)で傷を閉じた。
Sprague Dawleyラット(体重は約350グラムであった)において、強制経口投与によって試験を行った。小型錠剤またはカプセル剤を、套管針を有する改変された強制給餌用のチューブを使用して、ラットに経口投与した。ラットを約24時間絶食させ、ケタミン(44mg/kg)およびソラジン(1.5mg/kg)を筋肉内投与することによって麻酔した。所定の時間間隔で、血液サンプルを尾動脈から採取し、ブドウ糖およびインスリンのバイオアッセイ用の血漿または血清として、適切に調製した。この動物を実験終了時に屠殺し、局所毒性の何らかの徴候について、ラット胃腸粘膜を観察した。
ラットにおけるインスリンの血清濃度を、インスリンELISAテストキット(DSL Inc.)を使用して測定した。定量限界(LOQ)は、12.5μU/mLに規定されており、本アッセイの較正された線形範囲は最大250μU/mLである。グルコメーターを用いて、血糖値の変化を測定した。
a. 部位特異的実験(In Situ)の結果
共処理したマイクロ粒子を胃および空腸に直接投与した後のインスリン濃度および血糖値の変化をそれぞれ図2および3に示す。個々のデータの一覧を表2〜5に示す。
3種の被験製剤から得られたブドウ糖およびインスリンのデータをそれぞれ図4および5に示す。個々のデータの一覧を表6〜7に示す。胃および空腸への直接投与試験から得られた結果を、比較のために入れている。インスリンおよび送達剤の単純混合物についてのブドウ糖およびインスリンの個々のデータを表8に示す。
1. 静脈、門脈および皮下実験の概要
a. 実験
齧歯動物において、静脈内投与、門脈内投与、および皮下投与を行い、絶対的バイオアベイラビリティー、インスリンの門脈内吸収、および皮下投与に対する相対的バイオアベイラビリティーを推定した。データを表9〜11にまとめる。静脈内投与から得られた平均インスリンAUC0→∞/投与量は、0.0093 min.kg/mlであった。絶対的バイオアベイラビリティーの推定値において、この値は一定であると仮定した。
門脈に対する全身のインスリン比率は、約0.62(表10のデータから算出した)であることがわかった。したがって、門脈におけるバイオアベイラビリティーは、絶対的バイオアベイラビリティーを0.62で除することによって算出することができる。門脈のバイオアベイラビリティーから、経口送達による薬物吸収の推定値が得られる。皮下投与から得られた平均インスリンAUC0→t/投与量は、0.00516min.kg/mlであった。この値を使用して、皮下に対するバイオアベイラビリティーを推定する。静脈内のデータを除外して、t=0から最終サンプリング時点までの全AUC(すなわちAUC0→t)を算出した。
[模擬胃液中でのインスリンおよび4-CNABの安定性]
模擬胃液(SGF)中でのインスリンの安定性を、4-CNABの有無で評価した。インスリン(1 mg/ml)を含み、4-CNABモノナトリウム(1 mg/ml)を含む溶液と含まない溶液とを調製した。
[模擬腸液中でのインスリンの安定性]
模擬腸液(SIF)中でのインスリンの安定性を、4-CNABの存在下および不存在下で評価した。
[製剤がインスリンの吸収および作用に及ぼす影響]
表15に示す6種のインスリン含有製剤を以下のように調製した。
[腸溶性錠剤の調製]
カプセル剤の製造は、150単位インスリン、200mg 4-CNAB、0.4%w/wポビドン、〜29.1%w/w Emcompress、1%w/w SLS、および1%w/wステアリン酸マグネシウムを含む製剤300mgを、サイズ2の白色不透明カプセルに封入することによって行った。これらのカプセルをまず、Opadry clearを含むサブコートで被覆して5%増量し、次いで腸溶性コートで被覆して20%増量し、カプセルにおける全増量分を25%にした。
[ヘパリンで被覆したSNACマイクロビーズ]
5gのSNACおよび0.5gのステアリン酸マグネシウムを混合した。混合粉末0.02gをダイに送り込んだ。SNACおよびステアリン酸マグネシウムの小ビーズを1200 PSI barの圧力で製造した。このビーズは、約0.2mm〜約2.0mmのサイズの丸/ボール形状を有していた。次いで、SNACビーズを液体形態のヘパリン2.5gで回転方式によって被覆し、真空オーブンで40℃にて10時間乾燥させた。
[ヘパリン含有微粉化SNAD]
SNADを、35メッシュTyler標準篩を通して選別した。SNADの粉砕は、250mLステンレス製粉砕ジャーが装備されたGlen Mills, Model S100遠心ボールミル(ニュージャージー州クリフトン)を使用して行い、かつ直径30mm(440c)ステンレス製ボールを使用した。検討した加工処理条件は、(1)使用するボールの数、(2)粉砕持続時間、(3)粉砕速度、および(4)粉砕ジャーへの全投入量であった。Scirocco 2000乾燥用付属品が装備されたMalvern Mastersizer 2000を、粒径測定に使用した。2θ範囲が5〜40°2θで走査する、Kratos XRD 6000(バージョン4.1)X線粉末回折装置を、結晶化度の変化をモニターするために使用した。発散スリットは1°、散乱スリットは1°および受光スリットは0.3mmであった。Brinkmann737KF電量計を含水量の測定に使用し、さらにQuantachrome Nova 3000 Series Surface Area Analyzerを比表面積の測定に使用した。
[微粉化ヘパリン含有微粉化SNAC]
SNACおよびヘパリンを、実施例8に記載の手法で、2個のボールを用いて200rpmで120分間、別々に微粉化し、次いで一緒に混合した。微粉化SNACは、7.574μmのd(0.5)を有していた。下表19に示す製剤を含むSNAC/ヘパリンカプセル剤の調製は、これらの製剤をハードゼラチンカプセルに手で詰め込むことによって行った。
[微粉化SNAC/ヘパリン]
ヘパリン(118.5mg/投与1回分(22,500rpm))およびSNAC(125mg/投与1回分)を乾式混合し、35メッシュスクリーンを通して選別し、ボールミルで約4分間粉砕した。混合物をカプセル(Capsugel Size 1カプセル(サウスカロライナ州グリーンウッド))に詰め込んだ。
[微粉化SNAC/ヘパリン]
下表20に示す微粉化SNAC/ヘパリンを含むカプセル剤を以下のように調製した。
1. 760から200torrへの真空の迅速な減少
2. 2分かけて200から100torrへの真空圧の減少
3. 2分かけて100から50torrへの真空圧の減少
4. 4分かけて50から25torrへの真空圧の減少
5. 4分かけて25から15torrへの真空圧の減少
6. 2分かけて15から10torrへの真空圧の減少
7. 30分かけて10±2torrおよび70rpmでの蒸発
8. 手動で50rpmに切り替え、4時間蒸発を継続
Claims (12)
- (a)インスリンまたはインスリン誘導体の治療有効量;および
(b)N-(8-[2-ヒドロキシベンゾイル]アミノ)カプリル酸、N-(10-[2-ヒドロキシベンゾイル]アミノ)デカン酸、N-(8-[2-ヒドロキシ-5-クロロベンゾイル]アミノ)カプリル酸、N-(4-[2-ヒドロキシ-4-クロロベンゾイル]アミノ)ブタン酸、またはこれらの医薬として許容できる塩である送達剤
を含む粒子であって、250から425マイクロメートルの中央粒径を有する粒子を含む固体剤形。 - 腸溶性コーティングをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の固体剤形。
- 表面侵食性製剤である、請求項1に記載の固体剤形。
- 酵素阻害剤をさらに含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記送達剤が、N-(8-[2-ヒドロキシベンゾイル]アミノ)カプリル酸またはこの医薬として許容できる塩である、請求項1に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記送達剤が、N-(10-[2-ヒドロキシベンゾイル]アミノ)デカン酸またはこの医薬として許容できる塩である、請求項1に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記送達剤が、N-(8-[2-ヒドロキシ-5-クロロベンゾイル]アミノ)カプリル酸またはこの医薬として許容できる塩である、請求項1に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記送達剤が、N-(4-[2-ヒドロキシ-4-クロロベンゾイル]アミノ)ブタン酸またはこの医薬として許容できる塩である、請求項1に記載の固体剤形。
- ヒトにおける、耐糖能の低下、初期の糖尿病、もしくは後期の糖尿病の治療、またはグルコース恒常性を得るための医薬の製造における、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の固体剤形の使用。
- 前記医薬が、連用を基礎として投与される、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 連用を基礎としたヒト糖尿病患者の治療のための医薬の製造における、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の固体剤形の使用。
- 糖尿病の連用を基礎とした治療、及びインスリンを必要としている患者における、インスリンの連用に伴う全身性高インスリン血症の発生率を減少させるための医薬の製造における、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の固体剤形の使用。
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-
2005
- 2005-08-15 US US11/204,778 patent/US20060078623A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-15 JP JP2007525876A patent/JP2008509933A/ja active Pending
- 2005-08-15 WO PCT/US2005/028991 patent/WO2006124047A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-08-15 US US11/204,756 patent/US20060078622A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-15 EP EP05857913.7A patent/EP1781257B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2009
- 2009-08-28 US US12/550,281 patent/US20100055194A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-11-23 US US13/303,756 patent/US20120189666A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-03-13 JP JP2012055453A patent/JP6085093B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-13 JP JP2012055454A patent/JP5931520B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2018
- 2018-02-12 US US15/894,652 patent/US20190022228A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20190022228A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
EP1781257A4 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
WO2006124047A9 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
US20100055194A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
WO2006124047A2 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
EP1781257A2 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
EP1781257B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
JP2012121924A (ja) | 2012-06-28 |
JP6085093B2 (ja) | 2017-02-22 |
WO2006124047A3 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
US20120189666A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
JP2012121923A (ja) | 2012-06-28 |
JP2008509933A (ja) | 2008-04-03 |
US20060078622A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
US20060078623A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
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