JP5897595B2 - 圧縮下にある表面及び中央領域を有するガラス - Google Patents
圧縮下にある表面及び中央領域を有するガラス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5897595B2 JP5897595B2 JP2013542096A JP2013542096A JP5897595B2 JP 5897595 B2 JP5897595 B2 JP 5897595B2 JP 2013542096 A JP2013542096 A JP 2013542096A JP 2013542096 A JP2013542096 A JP 2013542096A JP 5897595 B2 JP5897595 B2 JP 5897595B2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 238
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title description 31
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title description 31
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005358 alkali aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005407 aluminoborosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 27
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000047703 Nonion Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003283 slot draw process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006124 Pilkington process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 but not limited to Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003280 down draw process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003286 fusion draw glass process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007679 ring-on-ring test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
- B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
- B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/20—Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
- C03B23/203—Uniting glass sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/24992—Density or compression of components
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
ガラスの表面から層深さまで伸びる、中立応力または第1の圧縮応力の下にある外層領域、
第2の圧縮応力の下にあるコア領域、及び
表面領域とコア領域の間に配された、引張応力の下にある中間領域、
を有する。
ガラス品の表面から層深さまで伸びる、中立応力または第1の圧縮応力の下にある外層領域、
第2の圧縮応力の下にあるコア領域、及び
表面領域とコア領域の間に配された、引張応力の下にある中間領域、
を有する。
ガラス品の表面から層深さまで伸びる、中立またはゼロの応力あるいは圧縮応力を有する外層領域、
圧縮下にあるコア領域、及び
外層領域とコア領域の間の、引張応力下にある中間領域、
を有する耐クラックガラス品を提供する。本明細書に定められるように、コア領域は中間領域に対して圧縮状態にある。すなわち、コア領域は中立応力に対して圧縮下にあるかまたは中間領域より小さい引張応力を有し得る。
210 コア領域
220a,220b 中間領域
230a,230b 外層領域
235a,235b 表面
240 端面
260 クラック/きず
Claims (10)
- ガラス品において、前記ガラス品が、
a.表面から層深さまで延びる、中立応力または第1の圧縮応力の下にある外層領域、
b.第2の圧縮応力の下にあるコア領域、及び
c.前記表面と前記コア領域の間に配された、引張応力の下にある中間領域、
を有することを特徴とするガラス品。 - 前記ガラス品が積層構造を有し、
a.前記コア領域が第1の熱膨張係数を有する第1のガラスを含み、
b.前記中間領域が第2の熱膨張係数を有する第2のガラスを含み、及び
c.前記外層領域が第3の熱膨張係数を有する第3のガラスを含み、
前記第1の熱膨張係数及び前記第3の熱膨張係数が前記第2の熱膨張係数より小さい、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガラス品。 - 前記ガラス品が積層構造を有し、
a.前記コア領域が、第1のアルカリ金属イオンを含有するコアガラスを含み、
b.前記中間領域が、前記コアガラスを含み、前記第1のアルカリ金属イオンより小さい第2のアルカリ金属イオンを含有する、及び
c.前記外層領域が、前記第2のアルカリ金属イオンより大きい第3のアルカリ金属イオンを含有する表層ガラスを含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガラス品。 - 前記ガラス品がアルカリアルミノケイ酸ガラスまたはアルカリアルミノホウケイ酸ガラスを含むことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のガラス品。
- 前記アルカリアルミノケイ酸ガラスが、
a.61〜75モル%のSiO2,7〜15モル%のAl2O3,0〜12モル%のB2O3,9〜21モル%のNa2O,0〜4モル%のK2O,0〜7モル%のMgO及び0〜3モル%のCaOを含む、
b.60〜70モル%のSiO2,6〜14モル%のAl2O3,0〜15モル%のB2O3,0〜15モル%のLi2O,0〜20モル%のNa2O,0〜10モル%のK2O,0〜8モル%のMgO,0〜10モル%のCaO,0〜5モル%のZrO2,0〜1モル%のSnO2,0〜1モル%のCeO2,50ppmより少ないAs2O3及び50ppmより少ないSb2O3を含み、12モル%≦Li2O+Na2O+K2O≦20モル%及び0モル%≦MgO+CaO≦10モル%である、
c.50モル%より多くのSiO2を含み、比:
であり、ここでアルカリ金属改質剤はアルカリ金属酸化物である、または
d.SiO2,Al2O3,P2O5及び少なくとも1つのアルカリ金属酸化物(R2O)を含み、0.75≦[(P2O5(モル%)+R2O(モル%))/M2O3(モル%)]≦1.2であり、ここでM2O3=Al2O3+B2O3である、
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のガラス品。 - 前記外層領域が第1の圧縮応力の下にあり、前記外層領域の前記層深さが少なくとも5μmであり、前記第1の圧縮応力が少なくとも500MPaであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のガラス品。
- 耐クラックガラス品を作製する方法において、前記方法が、
a.コア領域、表面領域及び前記表面領域と前記コア領域の間に配された中間領域を有するガラス品を提供する工程、及び
b.前記コア領域に、前記中間領域から前記コア領域を通るクラックの波及を少なくともある程度は阻止する圧縮応力を生成し、前記中間領域に引張応力を生成する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - ガラス品を提供する前記工程が、アルカリ金属イオンを含有するガラス品を提供する工程を含み、
前記コア領域に圧縮応力を生成し、前記中間領域に引張応力を生成する前記工程が、
a.ガラスの表面から層深さまで延びる領域において前記ガラス内の前記アルカリ金属イオンを前記ガラス内の前記アルカリ金属イオンより大きい第2のアルカリ金属イオンと交換する工程であって、前記交換により前記表面領域に圧縮応力が生成する工程、及び
b.前記ガラスの前記中間領域内の前記アルカリ金属イオンを前記ガラス内の前記アルカリ金属イオンより小さい第3のアルカリ金属イオンと交換する工程であって、前記より小さいアルカリ金属イオンの前記アルカリ金属イオンに対する前記交換により前記中間領域に引張応力が生成し、前記中間領域における前記引張応力により前記コア領域に圧縮応力が生成する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記ガラス品を提供する前記工程が、ガラス積層を提供する工程を含み、前記ガラス積層の前記コア領域がコアガラスを含み、前記表面領域が表層ガラスを含み、前記中間領域が中間ガラスを含み、前記コアガラス及び前記表層ガラスがそれぞれ前記中間ガラスの熱膨張係数より小さい熱膨張係数を有することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ガラス品を提供する前記工程が、ガラス積層を提供する工程を含み、前記ガラス積層の前記コア領域がコアガラスを含み、前記表面領域が表層ガラスを含み、前記中間領域が中間ガラスを含み、前記コアガラスが第1のアルカリ金属イオンを含有し、前記表層ガラスが第3のアルカリ金属イオンを含有し、前記第1のアルカリ金属イオンが第3のアルカリ金属イオンより大きく、
前記コア領域に圧縮応力を生成し、前記中間領域に引張応力を生成する前記工程が、
a.前記第3のアルカリ金属より大きく、前記第1のアルカリ金属イオンより小さい第2のアルカリ金属イオンを含有するイオン交換媒質を提供する工程、
b.前記表面領域に圧縮応力を生成するため、前記表層ガラス内の前記第3のアルカリ金属イオンを前記イオン交換媒質内の前記第2のアルカリ金属イオンと交換する工程、及び
c.前記中間領域を形成するため及び、前記コア領域に圧縮応力を生成し、前記中間領域に引張応力を生成するため、前記表面領域に隣接する前記コア領域の部分内の前記第1のアルカリ金属イオンを前記イオン交換媒質内の前記第2のアルカリ金属イオンと交換する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US41793510P | 2010-11-30 | 2010-11-30 | |
US61/417,935 | 2010-11-30 | ||
PCT/US2011/062354 WO2012074983A1 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2011-11-29 | Glass with surface and central regions under compression |
Publications (2)
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EP (1) | EP2646243B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5897595B2 (ja) |
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CN (1) | CN103338926B (ja) |
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CN103338926A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
WO2012074983A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
EP2646243B1 (en) | 2016-02-03 |
US9193625B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
CN103338926B (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
TWI543950B (zh) | 2016-08-01 |
TW201228970A (en) | 2012-07-16 |
JP2014500847A (ja) | 2014-01-16 |
EP2646243A1 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
KR101930100B1 (ko) | 2018-12-17 |
KR20140002683A (ko) | 2014-01-08 |
US20130236666A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
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