JP5866212B2 - エマルジョン凝集トナー組成物 - Google Patents
エマルジョン凝集トナー組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5866212B2 JP5866212B2 JP2012010175A JP2012010175A JP5866212B2 JP 5866212 B2 JP5866212 B2 JP 5866212B2 JP 2012010175 A JP2012010175 A JP 2012010175A JP 2012010175 A JP2012010175 A JP 2012010175A JP 5866212 B2 JP5866212 B2 JP 5866212B2
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- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XHRPOTDGOASDJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cholesterol n-octadecanoate Natural products C12CCC3(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC3C2CC=C2C1(C)CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C2 XHRPOTDGOASDJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHRPOTDGOASDJS-XNTGVSEISA-N cholesteryl stearate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1 XHRPOTDGOASDJS-XNTGVSEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RXQXUXZUWNFWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C RXQXUXZUWNFWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REYZQLSIADJXGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl prop-2-enoate;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CCOC(=O)C=C REYZQLSIADJXGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000556 factor analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940074045 glyceryl distearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000644 isotonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940119170 jojoba wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLGXILFCIXHCMC-JHGZEJCSSA-N methyl cellulose Chemical compound COC1C(OC)C(OC)C(COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1C(OC)C(OC)C(OC)OC1COC YLGXILFCIXHCMC-JHGZEJCSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OIMDJNFWDDTLOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 OIMDJNFWDDTLOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012066 reaction slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001022 rhodamine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
- G03G9/09378—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
- G03G9/09314—Macromolecular compounds
- G03G9/09321—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
- G03G9/09314—Macromolecular compounds
- G03G9/09328—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
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- G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
- G03G9/09335—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
- G03G9/09342—Inorganic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
- G03G9/09357—Macromolecular compounds
- G03G9/09364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
- G03G9/09357—Macromolecular compounds
- G03G9/09371—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
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- G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
- G03G9/09385—Inorganic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09392—Preparation thereof
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
黒いエマルジョン凝集トナーが2Lのベンチスケールで(乾燥理論的トナー175g)調製された。2つの非晶質ポリエステルエマルジョン(エマルジョン(ポリエステルエマルジョンA)中、約19,400のMw、約5,000のMn、および約60℃で始まるTg、約35%の固体を有する非晶質ポリエステル樹脂97gと、エマルジョン(ポリエステルエマルジョンB)中、約86,000の重量平均分子量(Mw)、約5,600の数平均分子量(Mn)、約56℃のガラス転位開始温度(Tg開始)、約35%の固体を有する非晶質ポリエステル樹脂101g)と、結晶質ポリエステルエマルジョン34g(約23,300のMw、約10,500のMn、約71℃の溶融温度(Tm)、および約35.4%の固体を有する)と、5.06gの界面活性剤(DOWFAX2A1)と、約90℃のTm、約30%の固体を有する、エマルジョン中51gのポリエチレンワックスと、96gの黒顔料分散物(NIPEX−35、Evonik Degussa、Parsippany、New Jerseyから得られる)と、16gのシアン顔料分散物(Pigment Blue 15:3、約17%の固体、Sun Chemical Corporationから得られる)が混合された。両方の非晶質樹脂は、以下の式のものであり、式中、mは約5〜約1000である。
トナーコアの調製中、黒顔料96gの替りに85gを用いたことを除いて、およびシェルも2つの非晶質ポリエステルに加えて11gの黒顔料を含んだことを除いて、比較例Aのプロセスが繰り返された。最終トナー粒子サイズ、GSDvおよびGSDnは、それぞれ5.71μm、1.20、1.26であった。微細(1.3〜4μm)、粗大(>16μm)、および円形度は17.47%、0.6%、および0.976であった。
黒いエマルジョン凝集トナーが20ガロンのパイロット規模(11gの乾燥理論的トナー)で調製された。2%の界面活性剤(DOWFAX 2A1)を含む2つの非晶質エマルジョン(7kgの非晶質ポリエステルAと7kgの非晶質ポリエステルB)、2%の界面活性剤(DOWFAX 2A1)を含む2kgの結晶質エマルジョン、3kgのワックス(IGI)、6kgの黒顔料(NIPEX−35)、および917gのシアン顔料(Pigment Blue 15:3分散物)を反応器中で混合し、続いて0.3Mの硝酸を用いてpH4.2に調節した。次いで、スラリーは、キャビトロンホモジェナイザによって循環ループを用いて計60分間均質化され、最初の8分間に36.5gの脱イオン水と混合された2.96gのAl2(SO4)3からなる凝固剤をインラインに加えた。全ての凝固剤が加えられた後、反応器のrpmは100rpmから300rpmで混合するように増加された。次いでスラリーは42℃のバッチ温度で凝集させた。凝集の間、コアと同じ非晶質エマルジョンを含むシェルが硝酸でpH3.3に調節され、バッチに加えられた。その後、バッチは目標粒子サイズを得るためにさらに加熱された。目標粒子サイズでNaOHおよびEDTAを用いてpH7.8に調節されると、凝集は停止された。プロセスは反応器温度を85℃に上昇させて継続した。所望の温度で、pH5.7の酢酸ナトリウム/酢酸緩衝剤を用いて、粒子が合体を開始するpH6.8に調節された。約2時間後、粒子は>0.965を達成し、熱交換機を用いて急冷された。トナーは室温で3回脱イオン水洗浄で洗われ、Aljet「Thermajet」乾燥機モデル4を用いて乾燥された。最終トナー粒子サイズ、GSDvおよびGSDnは、それぞれ5.31μm、1.22、1.23であった。微細(1.3〜4μm)、粗大(>16μm)、および円形度は22.92%、0.05%、および0.969であった。
トナーコアの調製中に、黒顔料6kgの替りに5.3kgを用いたことを除いて、およびシェルも2つの非晶質ポリエステルに加えて700gの黒顔料を含んだことを除いて、比較例Bのプロセスが繰り返された。最終トナー粒子サイズ、GSDvおよびGSDnは、それぞれ5.20μm、1.20、1.23であった。微細(1.3〜4μm)、粗大(>16μm)、および円形度は22.73%、0%、および0.972であった。
式中、8.854は真空の誘電率イプシロン(o)であるが、Cpはファラッドではなくピコファラッドであり、厚さはmm(メートルではない)ことを考慮した単位であった。有効Aはサンプルの有効面積であった。誘電損失は、E*誘電正接(サンプル中にどれだけの電気的散逸があったか(キャパシタがどの程度漏れたか))であった。これを1000倍して値を単純化した。したがって、70に記録された誘電損失値は、70×10−3または0.070の誘電損失を示す。
いかなる特定の理論にも制限されることを望まないが、コア中に高い濃度のカーボンブラックを有する対照トナーの高い導電性の結果、相対湿度の非常に高い(85%)Aゾーン条件において比較的低い転写効率を示したと考えられる。われわれは、トナーの導電性が、カーボンブラックの高い装填に加えて水の吸収によってさらに高められる理由で、効果はAゾーン中にのみ見られると考える。さらに、紙にはより多くの水があり、中間転写ベルトから紙への第2転写ステップにおいてトナーおよび紙の導電性を高めた。最終的に、Aゾーンの低い電荷も転写効率を低下させることができる。したがって、トナー導電性の効果について限界応力の例がAゾーンに見られた。低い転写の結果、像品質は劣化し、特にまだらを生じる。したがって、この機械試験は転写についての応力試験の例を示した。上の表に見られるように、機械試験は、低い誘電損失で改善された第2転写効果があったことを示し、対照値から15%増加し、まだらは28%減少した。さらに、図が示すように、摩擦帯電はAゾーンにおける印刷試験の間、比較例Bよりも実施例2のトナーで平均4摩擦単位だけ常に高く、摩擦帯電単位はトナー1グラム当たり1マイクロクーロンと定義され、これは背景およびラチチュード性能を改善するのに非常に望ましい。比較例Bのトナーについて、電荷は現像剤(トナー+担体)に対して12重量%のトナー濃度で20摩擦単位以下に低く降下し、これは最小限望ましい性能である。
比較例Aおよび実施例1のプロセスは、黒顔料の替りにMapico(登録商標)黒酸化鉄が用いられることを除いて繰り返される。同様の結果が観察されるであろうと考えられる。
比較例Aおよび実施例1のプロセスは、黒顔料の替りにNANOGAPナノ粒子銀が用いられることを除いて繰り返される。同様の結果が観察されるであろうと考えられる。
実施例1のプロセスが、黒顔料の替りにMagnoxマグネタイトTMB−100(商標)が用いられることを除いて繰り返される。同様の結果が観察されるであろうと考えられる。
実施例1のプロセスが、黒顔料の替りにnGimatTM Co.製のCoAlO4が用いられることを除いて繰り返される。同様の結果が観察されるであろうと考えられる。
2Lのビーカー中に、475gの脱イオン水、47gのPolywax725(Baker Petroliteより市販されている)、米国特許第5,853,943号、第5,922,501号、第5,928,829号に記載されるように調製された50〜55℃のTgを有する(固体42%)235.8gの乳化重合スチレン−ブチルアクリラートラテックス、および80g(固体17.0%)の黒顔料NIPEX−35が加えられる。24gの脱イオン水に混合された2.6gのポリ塩化アルミニウムを含むフロック形成剤溶液が、3,000〜4,000rpmで均質化しながら混合物に加えられる。続いて、混合物は2LのBuchi反応器に移され、52℃に加熱され、850rpmで凝集する。粒子サイズはコア粒子がGSD1.21の体積平均粒子サイズ4.8μmに達するまで、Coulter Counterで監視される。その後、12gの黒顔料を含む114gの上記乳化重合スチレン−ブチルアクリラートラテックスがシェルとして加えられ、コア/シェル構造の粒子を得る。反応器は.GSD1.21の粒子サイズ5.8μmを得るまでさらに加熱される。続いて、反応スラリーのpHはNaOHを用いて5.6に増加させ、続いて4gのEDTAを加えてトナー粒子の成長を停止する。粒子の成長を停止した後、反応混合物は合体のために加熱され、望ましい合体温度になると、スラリーのpHは0.3Mの硝酸で4.8に調節される。次いで、トナースラリーは室温に冷却され、篩(25μm)で分離され、濾過、洗浄、および冷凍乾燥される。
Claims (7)
- 第1の導電性着色剤と第2の導電性着色剤を含むコア−シェルトナー粒子を含むトナーであって、
前記第1の導電性着色剤と前記第2の導電性着色剤の総量は前記トナーの少なくとも7質量%であり、前記着色剤の総量のうち何割かは前記シェル内に存在し、
前記トナー粒子は、(a)(1)第1樹脂と、(2)第1の導電性着色剤を含むコア、および(b)(1)第2樹脂と、(2)第2の導電性着色剤を含むシェルを含み、前記第2の導電性着色剤は前記シェルの5質量%を超えない量で存在し、
前記第1樹脂がポリ(プロポキシル化ビスフェノールフマル酸)樹脂を含み、
前記第2樹脂が前記第1樹脂と同じである、トナー。 - 前記第1着色剤および第2着色剤が両方ともカーボンブラックを含む請求項1に記載のトナー。
- 70を超えない誘電損失を示す請求項1に記載のトナー。
- 前記第1樹脂が以下の式:
(式中、mは5〜1000である)
を有するポリ(プロポキシル化ビスフェノールフマル酸)樹脂を含む、請求項1に記載のトナー。 - 前記第1樹脂が2つ以上の非晶質樹脂の混合物を含み、前記第2樹脂が同じ2つ以上の非晶質樹脂の混合物を含む請求項4に記載のトナー。
- 前記コアが結晶質樹脂である第3樹脂をさらに含む請求項5に記載のトナー。
- 前記第3樹脂がポリエステルを含む請求項6に記載のトナー。
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US13/021,191 US8703377B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-02-04 | Emulsion aggregation toner compositions |
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JP5807844B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-09 | 2015-11-10 | 株式会社リコー | トナー、画像形成装置及びプロセスカートリッジ |
KR20150056616A (ko) * | 2012-10-15 | 2015-05-26 | 아사히 가세이 케미칼즈 가부시키가이샤 | 열가소성 수지 조성물 및 그 성형체 |
US9678451B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2017-06-13 | Xerox Corporation | Emulsion aggregation toner for sensor and antibacterial applications |
US9243141B1 (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-01-26 | Xerox Corporation | Coated silver nanoparticle composites comprising a sulfonated polyester matrix and methods of making the same |
US9458305B2 (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-10-04 | Xerox Corporation | Metal nanoparticle-sulfonated polyester composites and green methods of making the same |
US9718970B2 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2017-08-01 | Xerox Corporation | Core-shell metal nanoparticle composite |
US9518156B2 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-12-13 | Xerox Corporation | Methods of preparing metal nanodendrimer structures |
US9574036B2 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2017-02-21 | Xerox Corporation | Metallo ionomer polymers |
US10216111B2 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2019-02-26 | Xerox Corporation | Antimicrobial sulfonated polyester resin |
US10007200B2 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2018-06-26 | Xerox Corporation | Antimicrobial toner |
US10132803B2 (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2018-11-20 | Xerox Corporation | Sulfonated polyester-metal nanoparticle composite toner for colorimetric sensing applications |
US9877485B2 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2018-01-30 | Xerox Corporation | Silver polyester-sulfonated nanoparticle composite filaments and methods of making the same |
US9863065B2 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2018-01-09 | Xerox Corporation | Polymer coated sulfonated polyester—silver nanoparticle composite filaments and methods of making the same |
US9909013B2 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2018-03-06 | Xerox Corporation | Silver nanoparticle-sulfonated polyester composite powders and methods of making the same |
US9908977B2 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2018-03-06 | Xerox Corporation | Styrenic-based polymer coated silver nanoparticle-sulfonated polyester composite powders and methods of making the same |
US10642179B2 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2020-05-05 | Xerox Corporation | Security toner and process using thereof |
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US20020142241A1 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-10-03 | Palmer Donald J. | Microencapsulated electrophotographic toner particles having colored shells |
JP2004287182A (ja) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-14 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像形成方法、画像形成装置およびトナーカートリッジ |
JP2007328035A (ja) * | 2006-06-06 | 2007-12-20 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 静電荷像現像用現像剤、画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
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US7892714B2 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2011-02-22 | Xerox Corporation | Toner particles having nano-sized composites containing polymer modified clays |
US8197998B2 (en) | 2009-05-20 | 2012-06-12 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions |
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