JP5844048B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Li] PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
〔ケイ素活物質の作製〕
先ず、熱還元法により、多結晶ケイ素塊を作製した。具体的には、金属反応炉(還元炉)内に設置されたケイ素芯を通電加熱して800℃まで上昇させておき、これに精製された高純度モノシラン(SiH4)ガスの蒸気と精製された水素とを混合したガスを流すことで、ケイ素芯の表面に多結晶ケイ素を析出させた。これにより、太い棒状に生成された多結晶ケイ素塊を作製した。
負極バインダーとしては、以下の化1(nは1以上の整数)で示される分子構造を有し、かつガラス転移温度が300℃である熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂の前駆体を用いた。このポリイミド樹脂の前駆体は、以下の化2、化3、または化4に示す3,3’,4,4’−ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸ジエチルエステルと、以下の化5に示すm−フェニレンジアミンとから作製することができる。なお、化2〜化4におけるR’は、水素原子または1価の有機基である。
上記負極合剤スラリーを負極集電体としての銅箔の両面上に塗布し、乾燥し、圧延した後、アルゴン雰囲気下で400℃10時間熱処理して、負極を作製した。なお、この熱処理により、ポリイミド樹脂の前駆体がイミド化して、ポリイミド樹脂となる。負極活物質層の充填密度は、1.60g/cm3であった。
黒鉛:ケイ素活物質:ポリイミド樹脂:ポリビニルピロリドンの質量比が、90.0:7.0:2.7:0.3となるように混合する以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を作製した。
黒鉛:ケイ素活物質:ポリイミド樹脂:ポリビニルピロリドンの質量比が、90.0:7.0:2.1:0.9となるように混合する以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を作製した。
負極バインダーとして、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(CMC)及びスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)を用いた。黒鉛:ケイ素活物質:CMC:SBRの質量比が、90.9:7.1:1.0:1.0となるように混合し、分散媒として、NMPに代えて水を用いる以外については、実施例1と同様にして、負極を作製した。
負極バインダーとしてポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)を用い、黒鉛:ケイ素活物質:PANの質量比が、90.0:7.0:3.0となるように混合する以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を調製した。
負極バインダーとして、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を用い、黒鉛:ケイ素活物質:PVDFの質量比が、90.0:7.0:3.0となるように混合する以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を作製した。
負極バインダーとして、ポリイミド樹脂(PI)のみを用い、黒鉛:ケイ素活物質:PIの質量比が、90.0:7.0:3.0となるように混合する以外は、実施例1と同様にして、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。しかしながら、得られた負極合剤スラリーは、負極活物質を均一に分散することができず、スラリー性状が悪かったため、負極集電体の上に塗布することができなかった。
負極バインダーとして、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)のみを用い、黒鉛:ケイ素活物質:PVPの質量比が、90.0:7.0:3.0となるように混合し、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。しかしながら、得られた負極合剤スラリーは、負極活物質を均一に分散することができず、スラリー性状が悪かったため、負極集電体の上に塗布することができなかった。
実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜3において得られた電極について、密着性を評価した。具体的には、集電体と活物質層との間の接着強度を、以下のように90°剥離試験法によって評価した。
実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜3の負極を用いて、三極式試験セルを作製した。
三極式試験セルについて、以下のようにして充放電試験を行い、充放電サイクル特性を評価した。まず、0Vになるまで、1.0mA/cm2で定電流充電を行い、次に、0Vを維持した状態にて0.1mA/cm2で定電流充電を行い、次いで、1.0mA/cm2で1Vになるまで定電流放電した。
2…電解液
3…電極体
4…参照極
5…負極
6…ニッケルタブ
7…タブ
8…対極
9…ポリプロピレン製多孔質膜
10…ガラス板
Claims (1)
- 負極活物質及び負極バインダーを含む負極と、正極と、非水電解質とを備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記負極活物質として、黒鉛材料とケイ素またはケイ素化合物とを含む活物質を用い、前記負極バインダーとして、ポリイミド及びポリビニルピロリドンを用い、
前記ケイ素又はケイ素化合物の含有量は、前記黒鉛材料と前記ケイ素又はケイ素化合物との合計100質量部に対し、3.0質量部以上、20.0質量部以下であり、
前記ポリビニルピロリドンの含有量は、前記ポリビニルピロリドンと前記ポリイミドとの合計100質量部に対し、10.0質量部以上、30.0質量部以下であり、
前記負極中のポリビニルピロリドンの含有量が、前記負極活物質及び前記負極バインダーの合計100質量部に対し、0.3質量部以上、0.9質量部以下である、非水電解質二次電池。
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