JP5782479B2 - PEG化AβFAB - Google Patents
PEG化AβFAB Download PDFInfo
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- JP5782479B2 JP5782479B2 JP2013133551A JP2013133551A JP5782479B2 JP 5782479 B2 JP5782479 B2 JP 5782479B2 JP 2013133551 A JP2013133551 A JP 2013133551A JP 2013133551 A JP2013133551 A JP 2013133551A JP 5782479 B2 JP5782479 B2 JP 5782479B2
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- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
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- A61K2039/6093—Synthetic polymers, e.g. polyethyleneglycol [PEG], Polymers or copolymers of (D) glutamate and (D) lysine
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- Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
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Description
PDAPPマウスにおけるm266−Fab PEG皮下PK/PD研究
若い(3ヶ月齢)トランスジェニックPDAPPマウスを、抗体および抗体−Aβ複合体の薬物動態/薬力学血漿反応を調べるために使用する。マウス266Fab(m266−Fab)、m266−Fab+5KD PEG、m266−Fab+10KD PEG、m266−Fab+20KD PEG、およびインタクトな全長m266 IgG抗体を含む、いくつかの抗体を調べる。PDAPP+/−マウスを1mg/kgの抗体で皮下注射し、続いて、血漿を投与してから1、4、8、24、48、96、168および240時間後に単離する。m266−Fab抗体を与えた動物を、この部分の迅速な代謝回転(turn−over)のゆえに、さらに早い時点で分析する。m266−Fabについての時点は、投与してから1、4、8、12、16、24および48時間後である。全部で5匹の動物を、時点ごとに1つの抗体につき分析する。全血を、前もって0.5M EDTAでリンスした1CCシリンジに接続された23ゲージニードルを用いて心穿刺を介して得る。血液サンプルを、単離手順の間、氷上でインキュベートし、続いて、4℃で15分間、冷やした微小遠心管中で14,000RPMで遠心分離する。得られた血漿サンプルをアリコートし、−80℃で保存する。
血漿Fab濃度を、抗原検出ELISAを用いて測定する。手短に言えば、プレートを、4℃で一晩、または37℃で1時間、Aβ−BSA接合体でコーティングし、次いで、ピアス(Pierce)カゼイン緩衝剤でブロックする。標品、コントロールサンプル、および研究サンプルをプレートに添加し、その後、室温で1時間インキュイベートする。ヤギ抗マウスHRPを検出のために使用し、比色反応をOPD基質で発現させる。プレートを、A700の基準を用いてA493の吸光度で読み取る。血漿サンプルからの免疫反応活性濃度を、4/5パラメーターアルゴリズムを用いて、マウス血漿におけるm266 Fabの既知量から作成した標準曲線から測定する。m266 Fabについてのアッセイ範囲は、0.05〜0.5μg/mLである。PEG化Fabの範囲は、0.075〜0.8μg/mLである。
治療抗体(全長またはFabフラグメント)の非存在下または存在下のいずれかにおいて、血漿Aβの量を測定するため、ELISAアッセイを策定し、利用する。これらのアッセイにおいて測定されるAβペプチドは、全長Aβ1〜40またはAβ1〜42である。96ウェルImmulon 4HBX96ウェルELISAプレート(ThermoLabsystems)を、4℃で一晩、PBS(1つのウェルあたり100μl)中10μg/mlでC末端捕捉抗体(Aβ40プレートについてm2G3またはAβ42プレートについてm21F12)でコーティングする。試験プレートを密閉して、一晩のインキュベートの間、蒸発を防ぐ。次の日、ウェルの溶液を除去し、Labsystems 96ウェルプレート洗浄機を用いて、ウェルをPBS(1つのウェルあたり400μl)で3回洗浄する。ブロック緩衝剤(360μlの1%ミルク−PBS)を添加し、プレートを37℃で1時間インキュベートする。サンプルを、そのサンプル希釈剤の中で血漿を希釈することによって調製して、20%血漿、0.5Mグアニジン、5mM Tris pH8.0、0.5×プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル、25μg/ml m266およびPBSを得る。アッセイにおいて使用される血漿の容量は、高レベルのAβペプチドが存在するために、一定時間減少させる必要があるかもしれず、その場合、残りの血漿容量は、ラットの血漿で調整される(最終容量パーセントは20%で維持する)。250pg/ml〜3.9pg/mlで変化する濃度のAβ標品を、標準希釈剤(20%ラット血漿、0.5Mグアニジン、5mM Tris pH8.0、および0.5×プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテルコンプリートEDTAフリー(Roche Diagnostics)、25μg/ml m266、およびPBS)中で生成する。サンプルおよび標準希釈剤の両方における25μg/mlのインタクトなm266の組み込みが、中央部ドメイン抗体の可変レベルがアッセイに影響を与え得るあらゆる負の干渉を中和するために要求される。ブロックの後、プレートをPBSで4回洗浄する。サンプルおよび標品を3連(1つのウェルあたり100μl)負荷し、プレートを密閉して、4℃で一晩インキュベートする。次の朝、プレートを、PBS−T(PBS+0.05% Tween−20)で4回洗浄し、ウェルを、室温で2時間、ビオチン化二次抗体m3D6(0.5% BSA/PBS−Tで希釈したウェルあたり100μl)とインキュベートする。プレートをPBS−Tで4回洗浄した後、それらを、室温で1.5時間、ストレプトアビジン−ポリHRP(0.5% BSA/PBS−T中1:5000)とインキュベートする。プレートをPBS−Tで4回洗浄し、ウェルあたり100μlのTMB(Sigma)基質を添加する。比色進行を15、30および60分で、650nmでモニターする。
PDAPPマウスにおける1A1−Fab PEG皮下PK/PD研究
抗体および抗体−Aβ複合体の薬物動態/薬力学血漿反応を調べるために、研究を、若い(3ヶ月齢)トランスジェニックPDAPPマウスで実施する。ヒト化1A1−Fab、1A1−Fab+5KD PEG、1A1−Fab+10KD PEG、および1A1−Fab+20KD PEGを含む、いくつかの抗体を調べる。PDAPP+/−マウスを1mg/kgの抗体で皮下注射し、続いて、血漿を、抗体注入群に応じて異なる時点で単離する。以下の時点を種々の抗体について使用する:
1A1−Fabは、投与してから1、4、8、12、18、24および48時間後に採血し、
1A1−Fab+5KD PEGは、投与してから1、4、8、24、48、96および168時間後に採血し、
1A1−Fab+10KD PEGは、投与してから1、4、8、24、48、96および168時間後に採血し、
1A1−Fab+20KD PEGは、投与してから1、8、24、48、96、168および240時間後に採血する。
全部で5匹の動物を、時点ごとに1つの抗体につき分析する。得られた血漿サンプルをアリコートし、−80℃で保存する。
1A1 Fabの血漿1A1 Fab濃度を、サンドイッチELISAを用いて測定する。プレートを、ヤギ抗ヒトIgGκ標品、コントロールサンプルでコーティングし、研究サンプルをそのプレートに添加し、次いで、室温で1時間インキュベートする。ヤギ抗ヒトIgGを検出のために使用し、続いて、比色反応のためにOPDを使用する。プレートを、A700の基準を用いてA493の吸光度で読み取る。
ELISAは、m266について上で記載したものと本質的に同じである。サンプルを、サンプル希釈剤の中で血漿を希釈することによって調製して、20%血漿、0.5Mグアニジン、5mM Tris pH8.0、0.5×プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル、20μg/ml 1A1、およびPBSを得る。これらのアッセイで測定されるAβペプチドは、全長Aβ1〜40またはAβ1〜42である。比色進行を15、30および60分で、650nmでモニターする。結果を以下の表2に示す。
マウス266およびヒト化1A1 Fab類似物の精製
マウス266Fabまたはヒト化1A1 Fabおよび類似物でトランスフェクトした細胞からの培養上清物を、Superdex 75樹脂(GE Healthcare)を用いて、カチオン交換クロマトグラフィー、続いて、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーからなる2段階クロマトグラフィーストラテジーを用いて精製する。収集後、培養上清物を、THFを用いて濃縮し、4℃で一晩、20倍過剰容量の10mM酢酸ナトリウム(pH5)に対して透析する。沈殿物を遠心分離によって除去し、上清を、10mM酢酸ナトリウム(pH5)で満たしたSPセファロース(GE Healthcare)の充填層上に負荷する。Fabフラグメントが溶出するまで、約90〜110mM NaClで、連続的に量を増やしたNaClを含む10mM酢酸ナトリウム(pH5)でカラムを洗浄する。活性Fabを含むカラム分画を同定し、プールする。容量を減らし、遠心濃縮装置(Millipore)を用いて緩衝剤を交換(PBS)する。最終容量を13mlに調整し、Superdex 75サイジングカラムに負荷する。約50kDで溶出するFab含有画分を同定し、さらなる特徴付けおよびPEG化のためにプールする。
インビトロでのPEG化および特徴付け
細胞培養物から精製した1A1−Fab上のN56Cシステインを、PEG化のためにブロックする。ピアス(Pierce)のReduce−Imm(商標)固定化還元剤ビーズを使用して、N56Cシステインを選択的に還元する。還元剤ビーズは、製造者によって提供され、バッチモードにおいて使用されるカラムから抽出される。約4mlのビーズを、30分間、Reduce−IMM平衡緩衝剤#1(リン酸ナトリウム+EDTA、pH8.0)中で、8mlの10mM DTTで最初に活性化させる。次いで、ビーズをPBSで3回洗浄する。PBS(pH7.4)中1.7mg/mlで18mlの1A1 N56C Fabをビーズに添加し、10mM EDTAを混合物に添加する。その混合物を、4〜5時間室温で回転させ、インキュベートする。Fabを、Handee(商標)樹脂分離器を用いてビーズから引き離し、ビーズをPBSで洗浄する。Fabおよび洗浄物を合わせ、1時間、5倍モル過剰のPEGマレイミド(NOF由来20k PEG;Sunbio由来10k PEG;Nektar由来5k PEG)と反応させる。反応混合物を、4Lの10mM酢酸ナトリウム緩衝剤(pH5.0)に対して透析し、それによって、FabおよびFab−PEGを、10mM酢酸ナトリウム緩衝剤(pH5.0)で平衡になるSPセファロースカラム上で捕捉することができる。未反応のFabおよびFab−PEGを、塩勾配で溶出する。それらを、50mM〜70mMのNaClで溶出する。タンパク質をさらに、移動相としてPBSを用いてサイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(Superdex 75カラム、GE Healthcare)によって精製する。還元反応は増加および減少させることができる。同様の方法を使用して、PEG化マウス266Fab N56Cを調製することができる。
Biacoreを用いる速度定数の測定
Biacore(登録商標)2000機器も使用して、結合反応速度を測定する。Biacore(登録商標)は、表面プラズモン共鳴の光学特性を利用して、デキストランバイオセンサーマトリクス内で相互作用する分子のタンパク質濃度における変化を検出する。記載したものを除いて、全ての試薬および材料は、Biacore(登録商標)AB(Upsala,Sweden)から購入する。全ての測定を25℃で実施する。サンプルを、HBS−EP緩衝剤(150mM塩化ナトリウム、3mM EDTA、0.005%(w/v)界面活性剤P−20、および10mM HEPES、pH7.4)中に溶解する。ヤギ抗ヒトκ抗体を、アミン結合キットを用いて、8000反応単位(Ru)のレベルで、CM5センサーチップのフローセル1〜4に固定する。
KinExAを用いる平衡定数の測定
KinExA分析を直交アプローチとして使用して、抗原Fab複合体の遅い速度による平衡結合分析によって結合親和性を測定する。KinExA 3000機器(Sapidyne Inst.Inc.)を使用して、結合反応速度を測定する。手短に言えば、抗原をセファロースビーズに共有結合し、ビーズに対するフリーFab/Fab−PEGの結合を、その機器で検出する。Kdを測定するために、減少方向に連続希釈した抗原ヒト可溶性Aβ(1〜40)(0〜10nM)を有するFab/Fab−PEGを含む個々のチューブ(1A1−Fab−20kPEGについて20pMまたは500pM、1A1 Fabについて5pMまたは50pM)を、1mg/ml BSAを含有するPBS中で、37℃で30〜50時間インキュベートして、平衡達成を確実にする。インキュベート後、各平衡サンプルにおけるフリーFab/Fab−PEGを、製造者の指示書に従って、KinExA 3000で測定する。Kd値を、KinExA 3000ソフトウェアを用いてn−曲線分析によって測定する。その結果により、1A1 Fab結合が、マウス266 Fab(240pM)と比べて約10倍高い親和性で、ヒトAβ(19pM)に強く結合することが示されている。さらに、N56C部位における20K PEGの共有結合は、1A1−Fab(12pM)の親和性に影響を与えていない。
細胞ベースのELISAを用いるアミロイド前駆体タンパク質(APP)結合分析
Aβ前駆体APPと266 Fab/mAbとの交差反応性を評価するために、APP(aa1〜751)を安定的に発現するHEK293細胞を使用している。これらの細胞を、ネオマイシン耐性マーカーを含有するプラスミド中にAPP(1〜751)遺伝子をクローニングすることによって作製する。この組み換えプラスミドを、HEK293中にトランスフェクトし、細胞を200μg/mlのG418中で選択して、過剰発現する安定的な細胞株を生成する。結合アッセイのために、75,000個のAPP751細胞を、PDLでコーティングした96ウェルプレートの各ウェルにプレートする。増殖培地(DMEM F12、5% FBS、10mM Hepes pH7.5、200μg/ml G418)における2日間のインキュベート後、液体を除去して、20μg/mlのFabまたはmAbを、10mg/mlのBSAを含有するPBS(Ca/MGを有する)中に添加する。4℃で2時間、結合を進行し、細胞を10mg/mlのBSAで3回洗浄する。ヒトまたはマウス軽鎖に特異的な二次抗体(抗κ軽鎖に接合した西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(hrp))を、PBS/BSA(Southern Biotech)中に添加する。PBS/BSA中1:5000の希釈を、抗ヒト軽鎖について使用し、1:2000を抗マウス軽鎖について使用する。4℃で1時間のインキュベート後、細胞をBSA/PBSで5回洗浄する。APPに結合するFab/mAbの関数として、HRP活性を、10分間、TMB基質を付加することによって測定する。反応物を、きれいな96ウェルプレートに移し、650nmでの吸光度を測定する。データにより、PEG化(5kD、10kD、および20kD)1A1−Fabおよびm266−Fabが、APPよりAβペプチドに選択性を与えることが示されている。
Claims (8)
- アミノ酸位置13〜28の間でヒトAβペプチドに特異的に結合するFabフラグメントを含む分子であって、前記Fabフラグメントが、配列番号1の軽鎖可変領域および配列番号2の重鎖可変領域を含み、ポリエチレングリコール分子が、マレイミド結合を介して配列番号2の56位に共有結合される、分子。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール分子が0.5kD〜100kDの分子量を有する、請求項1記載の分子。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール分子が10kDの分子量を有する、請求項2記載の分子。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール分子が20kDの分子量を有する、請求項2記載の分子。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール分子が30kDの分子量を有する、請求項2記載の分子。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール分子が100kDの分子量を有する、請求項2記載の分子。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の分子を含む、組成物。
- 薬理学的に受容可能な担体をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の組成物。
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