JP5759664B2 - Cngチャネル阻害剤 - Google Patents
Cngチャネル阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5759664B2 JP5759664B2 JP2008222385A JP2008222385A JP5759664B2 JP 5759664 B2 JP5759664 B2 JP 5759664B2 JP 2008222385 A JP2008222385 A JP 2008222385A JP 2008222385 A JP2008222385 A JP 2008222385A JP 5759664 B2 JP5759664 B2 JP 5759664B2
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Landscapes
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
i)試料の調製
嗅細胞はアカハライモリより公知の方法(倉橋ら, J. Physiol., (1989)419, 177-192)に従って単離し、リンガー液に浸した。単離方法を簡単に示すと、氷水中で冬眠状態にしたイモリにダブルピスを施し、頭蓋を切開し嗅粘膜を取り出す。取り出した嗅粘膜を0.1質量%コラゲナーゼ溶液中で37℃にて5分間インキュベートし、コラゲナーゼを洗い落した後、ガラスピペットにて組織を粉砕し嗅細胞を単離した。
試験化合物(実施例1〜3、参考例、比較例1〜2)はリンガー液中に溶解して0.1又は0.01%(v/v)の濃度に調整し、この試験溶液を用いてCNGチャネル応答を調べた。リンガー液組成は、NaCl 110mM、 KCl 3.7mM、 CaCl2 3mM、 MgCl2 1mM、HEPES 10mM、 グルコース 15mM、ピルビン酸ナトリウム 1mM (pH7.4、NaOHで調整)のものを用いた。
(設定)
単離した嗅細胞を全細胞記録法により膜電流の計測を行った(Kawaiら,J. Gen. Physiol., (1997) 109, 265-272)。電極はホウケイ酸ガラスキャピラリー(直径1.5mm)を用い、電極作成用のプラー((株)成茂科学器機研究所 PP−830)にて作製した(電気抵抗10−15MΩ)。膜電流の記録は、パッチクランプとA/D変換装置を介して接続されたコンピューターを用いて行った。試験溶液の細胞への刺激(吹きかけ)には圧力制御装置を用いた。圧力制御装置とは、エアーコンプレッサーより送り込まれた圧縮空気を、コンピューター制御にて任意の圧力まで減圧し、設定した時間、その圧縮空気を、試験溶液を充填したガラスピペット尾部へ送り込む装置である。
嗅細胞の脱分極を生じさせるため光活性化型環状アデノシンモノリン酸(ケージドcAMP)を用いる方法を行った。記録電極内溶液(119mM CsCl, 1mM CaCl2, 5mM EGTA, 10mM HEPES,pH7.4にCsOHを用いて調整)に最終濃度1mMにてケージドcAMP(ケージド環状アデノシンモノリン酸,P−[1−(2−ニトロフェニル)エチル]アデノシン−3,5−環状モノリン酸)を溶解した。ケージドcAMP溶液を満たした記録電極を用いて全細胞記録状態にすることにより、ケージドcAMPを記録電極内より自由拡散にて細胞内へ導入した。本法により嗅細胞の嗅繊毛内へケージドcAMPを導入できることが報告されている(竹内ら, J. Physiol., (2002), 541(3), 825-833)。嗅繊毛内へ導入されたケージド化合物は落射蛍光システムを用いキセノンランプからUV光線を嗅細胞の繊毛領域に照射して、光分解を生じさせた。照射のタイミングと時間はコンピューターで制御した。光分解によって嗅細胞内のcAMPが上昇しCNGチャネルの開口が生じるので、その膜電流の変化を記録した。試験化合物による試験溶液を嗅細胞の嗅繊毛の近傍にガラスピペット(先端口径1μm)で吹きかけ(3000ミリ秒間、圧力50kPa)、UV光線の照射は試験溶液の吹きかけ開始500ミリ秒後より500ミリ秒間の長さで行った。CNGチャネル阻害の試験は、試験化合物1種類あたり3細胞で測定し、平均値を算出した。
試験溶液を吹きかけていないときの応答電流の値をブランク(a)とし、試験溶液の添加によって得られた嗅細胞の応答電流の値を(b)として、下記式によって試験化合物のCNGチャネル抑制率を求めた。
被験者3名による官能評価により、表2に示す試験化合物の嗅覚感度低下の効果を測定した。具体的には、各化合物0.5gと直径3cmの円形ろ紙をそれぞれ100mL容量のガラスびんに入れ、密封状態とし40℃で30分保温して、化合物をガラスびん内に気化させ、被験者はその気体を50回左右の鼻腔から交互にゆっくり吸入した(おおよそ1.5分以内)。その後、ニオイ評価用細長ろ紙(5×11cm)の先端5mmに含浸させた0.01質量%イソ吉草酸水溶液の匂いを、試験化合物の吸引直後(0分)、1分、3分、6分、9分、12分後に嗅いで、下記評価基準に従いニオイの強さを評価した。
評価は、イソ吉草酸の匂いの強さにより1、1.5、2、3の4段階で評価し、被験者3名の評価のうち最も人数の多い評価を採用した。
1.5:イソ吉草酸の匂いをわずかに感知できる
2 :イソ吉草酸の匂いを感知できる
3 :イソ吉草酸の匂いを強く感じる
被験者20名による官能評価により、表3に示す試験化合物について、以下の悪臭物質と甘味臭物質に対する嗅覚感度低下の効果を測定した。
表3に示す試験化合物(ジヒドロミルセノール、シネオール)4μLを綿球(直径1cm)にしみこませ、注射筒内に置き注射筒内で12時間、室温で揮発させた。
<イソ吉草酸>
悪臭物質としてイソ吉草酸(汗臭)を用いた。濃度1質量%の水溶液2μLを綿球(直径1cm)にしみこませ、試験化合物及び他の悪臭とも別の注射筒内に置き注射筒内で12時間、室温で揮発させた。
<ノネナール>
悪臭物質としてt−2−ノネナール(高齢者体臭)を用いた。ノネナール40μLを綿球(直径1cm)にしみこませ、イソ吉草酸と同様に注射筒内で揮発させた。
<スカトール>
悪臭物質として3−メチルインドール(スカトール)(糞便臭)を用いた。スカトールの1質量%DPG(ジプロピレングリコール)溶液を綿球(直径1cm)にしみこませ、イソ吉草酸と同様に注射筒内で揮発させた。
<マルトール>
甘味臭としてマルトール(菓子などのカラメル様臭)を用いた。マルトールの1%DPG溶液を綿球(直径1cm)に染み込ませ、イソ吉草酸と同様に注射筒内で揮発させた。
1:悪臭又は甘味臭の匂いをやっと感知できる(検知閾値)
2:悪臭又は甘味臭の匂いがわかる弱い匂い(認知閾値)
3:悪臭又は甘味臭の匂いを楽に感知できる
4:悪臭又は甘味臭の匂いを強く感じる
5:悪臭又は甘味臭の匂いを強烈に感じる
Claims (1)
- ジヒドロミルセノール、リナロール及びゲラニオールから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上を有効成分とする、嗅覚感度を低下させるためのCNGチャネル阻害剤。
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