JP5754716B2 - マイコウイルス、植物病害真菌、植物病害防除剤、植物病害防除方法及び植物病害真菌弱毒化方法 - Google Patents
マイコウイルス、植物病害真菌、植物病害防除剤、植物病害防除方法及び植物病害真菌弱毒化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明に係るマイコウイルスは、イネいもち病菌に内在するかたちで保存できる。本発明に係るマイコウイルスとしては、一例として、本発明者らが同定し、命名したMoCV3(Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 3)を挙げることができる。このMoCV3は、配列番号1〜5に示す塩基配列からなる五種類の二本鎖RNAを有し、イネいもち病菌に内在するかたちで保存されている。
本発明者らは、本発明に係るマイコウイルスの一つについてシークエンス解析を行い、全長の塩基配列を得た(配列番号1〜5)。従って、本発明は、そのマイコウイルス遺伝子、その塩基配列又はその一部を有する核酸、それらの塩基配列がコードするタンパク質などを全て包含する。
本発明に係る植物病害真菌弱毒菌株は、本発明に係るマイコウイルスを内在するものを全て包含する。即ち、例えば、そのマイコウイルスを既に内在するイネいもち病菌などの菌株、及び、そのマイコウイルスを感染させた植物病害真菌の菌株の両方を包含する。
本発明に係る植物病害防除剤は、本発明に係るマイコウイルス又は本発明に係る植物病害真菌弱毒菌株のいずれか一方を少なくとも含有するものを全て包含する。また、そのマイコウイルスとその植物病害真菌弱毒菌株の両方を含有していてもよく、その他の成分を含有していてもよい。
本発明に係る植物病害真菌抑制性マイコウイルス生産方法は、マイコウイルスを含有する植物病害真菌を液体培地などで培養し、その培養上清からマイコウイルスを回収する手順を少なくとも含むものを全て包含する。
上述の通り、例えば、本発明に係るマイコウイルスを特定の植物病害真菌に感染などさせることにより、その宿主菌の生育などを抑制し、その菌を弱毒化させることができる。マイコウイルスの感染手段については、上述と同様の方法を採用できる。
本発明に係る植物病害防除方法は、上述のイネいもち病防除剤を特定の植物(イネなど)に付加する工程を少なくとも含むものを全て包含する。
本発明は、真菌を主な病因とする全ての植物病害に適用できる可能性がある。適用可能性のある植物病害として、例えば、以下のものが挙げられる(それらに限定されない)。
本実施例では、国際公開 WO/2009/093409号公報にて公開された手法に準じて、新規なマイコウイルスが内在するイネいもち病菌株S−0412−II 2a株を単離同定した。具体的に、本実施例で単離同定したイネいもち病菌S−0412−II 2a株と、国際公開 WO/2009/093409号公報にて同定されたマイコウイルスが内在するイネいもち病菌S−0412−II 1a株とをそれぞれ培養してコロニーを観察した。これらイネいもち病菌の培養にはPDA培地を使用した。結果を図1に示す。
本実施例では、実施例1で単離同定したイネいもち病菌株S−0412−II 2a株に内在するMoCV3が菌体外にも存在するかどうかを調べた。
本実施例では、菌体外に存在するマイコウイルスMoCV3に、正常の菌株(マイコウイルスを保持しない菌株)に対する感染能力があるかどうかについて調べた。
本実施例では、マイコウイルスが感染したイネいもち病菌株について、その分生子数を測定した。
本実施例では、イネいもち病菌株S−0412−II 2a株から抽出された二本鎖RNAの塩基配列を解析した。イネいもち病菌株S−0412−II 2a株からの二本鎖RNAの抽出・精製、得られた二本鎖RNAを鋳型としたcDNAの合成、続いて5’RACE法による両末端配列の解析は、国際公開 WO/2009/093409号公報にて公開された手法に準じて行った。
本実施例では、イネいもち病菌株S−0412−II 2a株が植物病害真菌の防除に有効であるかどうかを、噴霧接種法で検討した。
本実姉例では、イネいもち病菌株S−0412−II 2a株が植物病害真菌の防除に有効であるかどうかを、パンチ付傷接種法で検討した。
本実施例では、菌体外に存在したMoCV3粒子を電子顕微鏡により同定した。それに先立って、に開示された手法と同様にMoCV3のウイルス粒子について、生化学的特性の解析を行った。その結果、SDS−PAGEにてウイルスタンパク質の主な成分(外皮タンパク質)の分子量が約70kDaのサイズであることが明らかとなった。すなわち、MoCV3粒子の存在を確認できた。
本実施例では、単離されたMoCV3を直接イネ葉に散布剤として、イネいもち病菌に対する防除効果と治癒効果について検討を行った。
本実施例では、酵母細胞内におけるMoCV3ウイルス粒子の再構築を検討した。すなわち、MoCV3ウイルスをパン酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)の細胞内で再構築させるため、MoCV3が有する5つのdsRNAゲノムを鋳型とした完全長cDNAクローンを作製し、5種類のマーカー遺伝子を有するシャトルベクター(以下参照)にそれぞれ連結させ、パン酵母細胞内でMoCV3遺伝子産物を発現させて、MoCV3ウイルス粒子の再構築を行った。
基本ベクターとなるpRS313、pRS314、pRS315、pRS316はナショナルバイオリソース(http://yeast.lab.nig.ac.jp/nig/index.html)より、pRS317、pRS412、pRS423、pRS424、pRS425、pRS426をATCC(http://www.atcc.org/)より購入した。
MoCV3全長cDNAクローンdsRNA1、dsRNA2、dsRNA3、dsRNA4及びdsRNA5を鋳型とし、全長配列をPCRにより増幅した。得られたDNA断片をpUC19にサブクローニング後、シークエンス解析を行い、正確なクローンを選抜した(図6)。得られたクローンより目的領域を制限酵素により切り出し、精製、上述したシャトルベクターへ挿入した。最後に、挿入配列及びその周辺配列に変化がないかシークエンスにより確認した。
<dsRNA1>
native PAGEにより成分ごとに分離したdsRNA1又は精製MoCV3 dsRNAを鋳型としたRT-PCRを行い、全長のDNA断片を得た。蒸留水に溶解した鋳型2本鎖RNA(約50ng-100ng)にdsRNA1特異的プライマー(MoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA1-5end-SmaI及びMoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA1-3end-XbaI)を各20pmol加え、98℃で5分間インキュベートした後、氷上で3分間急冷した。その後、40μlの反応系で1×first strand synthesis buffer(invitrogen社製)、1 mMのCH3HgOH、10 mMのDDT、1 mMのdNTPmix、40UのRNase OUT Recombinant(invitrogen社製)、200UのSuper Script III逆転写酵素の条件で、42℃で30分間、その後70℃で15分間インキュベートした後、5UのRNase Hを添加した。37℃で10分間、その後70℃で15分間インキュベートした後、QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN社製)を用いてcDNAを精製・濃縮した。このcDNA溶液を鋳型とし、PCRには2UのPfu-x (Greiner社製)とその添付バッファー、リン酸化プライマー(MoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA1-5end-SmaI: GCC CCG GGG CAA AAA AGA GAA TAA AGC TTT CTC C(配列番号11)及びMoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA1-3end-XbaI: GTT CTA GAG GTA CTT ACA CCT CAC AGC GTA AGA A(配列番号12))を用いた。反応条件を95℃で2分の後、95℃で30秒、55℃で30秒及び68℃で3分30秒を1サイクルとして30サイクル行い、その後68℃で7分とした。アガロースゲル電気泳動後、目的cDNA増幅断片をゲルから抽出・精製し、DNA Ligation kit Ver.2.1 (TaKaRa Bio社製)を用い、プラスミドベクターpUC19 DNA SmaI(MBI Fermentas社製)へ組み込んだ。青白選抜で得られたクローンの挿入断片の全長配列をシークエンスにより取得し、MoCV3 dsRNA 1の配列と完全一致するクローンを選択した。
dsRNA2特異的プライマー(MoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA2-5end-SacI: GCG AGC TCG CAA AAA AGA GAA TAA AGC ATT CCC T(配列番号13)及びMoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA2-3end-Hpa1:GTG TTA ACG GTA CTT ACG TTG TCA CGT AAG AAG T(配列番号14))を用い、dsRNA1の全長cDNA作製と同様の手法でMoCV13dsRNA 4の配列と完全一致するクローンを得た。
dsRNA3特異的プライマー(MoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA3-5end-Sal1:GCG TCG ACG CAA AAA AGA GAA TAA AGC TTT CTC C(配列番号15)及びMoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA3-3end-Xba1:GTT CTA GAG GTA CTT GTT GGG ACC CTA CGT CCG A(配列番号16))を用い、dsRNA1の全長cDNA作製と同様の手法でMoCV13dsRNA 4の配列と完全一致するクローンを得た。
dsRNA4特異的プライマー(MoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA4-5end-Sal1:GCG TCG ACG CAA AAA AGA GAA TAA AGC TTT CTC C(配列番号17)及びMoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA4-3end-Xba1:GTT CTA GAG GTA CTT GTT GAA GCC CCA TGC TCA A(配列番号18))を用い、dsRNA1の全長cDNA作製と同様の手法でMoCV13dsRNA 4の配列と完全一致するクローンを得た。
dsRNA5特異的プライマー(MoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA5-5end-Sma1:GCC CCG GGG CAA AAA AGA GAA TAA AGC ATT CTC C(配列番号19)及びMoCV3-cDNA-dsRNA5-3end-Xba1:GTT CTA GAG GTA CTT ACG TCA TCA CGT AAG AAG T(配列番号20))を用い、dsRNA1の全長cDNA作製と同様の手法でMoCV13dsRNA 5の配列と完全一致するクローンを得た。
<酢酸リチウム法>
酢酸リチウム法による形質転換は以下のように行った。先ず、酵母を5mlの液体培地に植菌し、30℃で10〜16時間前培養した。培養後、吸光度(OD600)を測定し、OD600=0.1〜0.2となるように50mlの液体培地に植菌した。30℃、100 rpmでOD600=0.8となるまで培養し、遠心分離により細胞を回収してから蒸留水で懸濁して洗浄した。沈殿した細胞をSol A(0.1M Lithium acetate、10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.8、1 mM EDTA)にて懸濁して遠心分離し、沈殿物に再びSol Aを加えて懸濁して酵母溶液とした。これを30℃で50分間インキュベートした後、熱処理したssDNA(1mg/ml、鮭精巣由来)10μl、酵母溶液50μl、シャトルベクター10μl、Sol A 20μl、50%ポリエチレングリセロール750μlの順に加えた後、30℃で30分間、その後42℃で15分間インキュベートした。遠心分離後、沈殿物に蒸留水を加えてSC寒天平板培地(シャトルベクターの選択マーカーに合わせてドロップアウト培地を選択する)に塗布し、30℃で培養した。
スフェロプラスト法による形質転換は以下のように行った。先ず、上述した酢酸リチウム法と同様に酵母細胞を培養・回収し、1.2Mのソルビトール溶液にて細胞を懸濁、遠心分離(2500rpm、5分)により細胞を回収した。沈殿した細胞を再び1.2 Mのソルビトール溶液にて懸濁し、Zymorase(20T、1/10量l)を添加した。30℃で大多数の細胞がスフェロプラスト化するまでインキュベートした。1.2 Mのソルビトール溶液にて細胞を3回洗浄し、STC溶液に懸濁した。このスフェロプラスト懸濁液100μlに対し、プラスミド溶液23μulと熱処理したssDNA(1 mg/ml、鮭精巣由来)1μl、PEG溶液4mlを加え、優しく混和した。10分間の静置後、遠心分離(1200rpm、5分)によりスフェロプラストを沈殿させ、SOS溶液150μlに懸濁した。30℃で1時間培養した後、5mlのSDソルビトール・低融点アガロース溶液と混和し、SDソルビトールプレートに塗布した。
エレクトロポレーション法による形質転換は以下のように行った。先ず、酢酸リチウム法と同様に酵母細胞を培養・回収し、遠心分離により細胞を回収してから蒸留水で懸濁して洗浄した。12.5 mlのLiAC/DTT/TE溶液に懸濁し、室温で1時間静置した後、遠心分離(6,000rpm、5分)により細胞を沈殿させた。この沈殿を12.5mlの氷冷水で懸濁し、2回洗浄した。細胞を1Mのソルビトール溶液5mlに懸濁し、遠心分離(6,000 rpm、5分)により細胞を沈殿させた。この沈殿を1Mのソルビトール溶液50μlに懸濁し、細胞懸濁液とした。細胞懸濁液70μlに対し、プラスミド溶液5μlを加え、5分間氷上で静置した。これを0.2 cmキュベットにアプライし、1.5 kV、25μFD、200 ohmsでエレクトロポレーションを行った。直ちに1Mのソルビトール溶液1mlを添加し、1Mのソルビトールプレート培地に塗布した。
MoCV3 dsRNA1〜5を発現すべくpRSAA313-dsRNA1、pRSA314-dsRNA2、pRSA315-dsRNA3、pRSA316-dsRNA4及びpRSA317-dsRNA5を作製するために、上記の方法で作製したdsRNA1からdsRNA5までの完全長cDNAクローンをそれぞれ、pRSA313、pRSA314、pRSA315、pRSA316、pRSA317の制限酵素サイトにライゲーションさせたシャトルベクターを構築した(図7及び8)。dsRNA1のcDNA完全長をpRSA313にライゲーションさせる際には制限酵素サイトSmaIとXbaIを利用し(図7a)、dsRNA2の完全長cDNAをpRSA314にライゲーションさせる際には制限酵素サイトSacIとHpaIサイトを利用し(図7b)、dsRNA3の完全長cDNAをpRSA315にライゲーションさせる際には制限酵素サイトSalIとXbaIを利用し(図7c)、dsRNA4の完全長cDNAをpRSA316にライゲーションさせる際には制限酵素サイトSalIとXbaIを利用し(図8a)、dsRNA5の完全長cDNAをpRSA317にライゲーションさせる際には制限酵素サイトSmaIとXbaIを利用した(図8b)。ライゲーションにより得られた各dsRNA1からdsRNA5の遺伝子を発現するシャトルベクターは酢酸リチウム法を用いてパン酵母YPH499株(Mat a ura3 lys2 ade2 leu2 his3 trp1)に導入した。
Claims (10)
- 五種類の二本鎖RNAを有し、当該五種類の二本鎖RNAがそれぞれ配列番号6〜10に示すアミノ酸配列をコードすることを特徴とするマイコウイルス。
- 当該五種類の二本鎖RNAがそれぞれ配列番号1〜5に示す塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のマイコウイルス。
- 請求項1又は2記載のマイコウイルスが宿主に感染した植物病害真菌。
- 上記宿主がイネいもち病菌であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の植物病害真菌。
- 請求項1又は2記載のマイコウイルス若しくは請求項3又は4記載の植物病害真菌を含む植物病害防除剤。
- 請求項5記載の植物病害防除剤を植物に接触させる工程を含む植物病害真菌防除方法。
- 請求項1又は2記載のマイコウイルスを植物病害真菌に感染させる工程を含む植物病害真菌弱毒化方法。
- 上記植物病害真菌がイネいもち病菌であることを特徴とする請求項7記載の植物病害真菌弱毒化方法。
- 配列番号6〜10に示すアミノ酸配列から選ばれる1つのアミノ酸配列をコードする又は配列番号1〜5に示す塩基配列から選ばれる1つの塩基配列を有する核酸。
- 請求項9の核酸を有する発現ベクター。
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2012
- 2012-02-24 US US14/001,476 patent/US20140037586A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-24 EP EP12749214.8A patent/EP2679675B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-02-24 JP JP2013501139A patent/JP5754716B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-02-24 CN CN201280010278.6A patent/CN103492556B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-02-24 TW TW101106257A patent/TW201309803A/zh unknown
- 2012-02-24 WO PCT/JP2012/054554 patent/WO2012115227A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2009093409A1 (ja) * | 2008-01-21 | 2009-07-30 | Tokyo University Of Agriculture And Technology | 新規マイコウイルス、植物病害真菌弱毒菌株、植物病害防除剤、マイコウイルス生産方法、植物病害真菌弱毒化方法、並びに植物病害防除方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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JPN6012017710; J.Gen.Virol. Vol.91, 2010, p.3085-3094 * |
JPN6012017712; バイオサイエンスとインダストリー Vol.68, No.5, 20100901, p.353-355 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2012115227A1 (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
JPWO2012115227A1 (ja) | 2014-07-07 |
EP2679675B1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
CN103492556B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
EP2679675A4 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
US20140037586A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
TW201309803A (zh) | 2013-03-01 |
CN103492556A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
EP2679675A1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
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