JP5692365B2 - ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜 - Google Patents
ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5692365B2 JP5692365B2 JP2013509826A JP2013509826A JP5692365B2 JP 5692365 B2 JP5692365 B2 JP 5692365B2 JP 2013509826 A JP2013509826 A JP 2013509826A JP 2013509826 A JP2013509826 A JP 2013509826A JP 5692365 B2 JP5692365 B2 JP 5692365B2
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims description 129
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 79
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 166
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 71
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 29
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002128 reflection high energy electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002710 Au-Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005162 X-ray Laue diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005224 laser annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 rare earth cation Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004335 scaling law Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/125—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type[MnO3]n-, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3], (La,Sr)MnO3
- C01G45/1264—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type[MnO3]n-, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3], (La,Sr)MnO3 containing rare earth, e.g. La1-xCaxMnO3, LaMnO3
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- C01G45/1207—Permanganates ([MnO]4-) or manganates ([MnO4]2-)
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Description
θ1=arccos(1/(1+m2)1/2) 式1
にm=2を代入することにより求められ、そのθ1の値は約63.4度となる。その結果、絶縁体金属転移によって生じる電気的性質の変化を、膜厚方向の電気抵抗の変化として利用しようとする場合に、キャリアの流れる向きに近い向きに形成された電荷軌道整列面11が電流経路となってしまう。つまり、このような電荷軌道整列面の向きの場合には、絶縁体金属転移によりもたらされる抵抗変化が減少し、当該ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜をデバイスとして利用する場合に利用することができる抵抗変化が小さくなるという問題が懸念される。
θ=arctan(1/m) 式2
ここで、式1により算出される角度θ1と式2により算出される角度θとの間には、θ=(180−90−θ1)=(90−θ1)との関係が成り立つ。すなわち角度θ1と角度θは互いに余角(complementary angle)の関係にある。
本実施形態として例示のために説明するのは、(m10)面方位基板におけるm=2の場合に相当するSrTiO3による立方晶ペロフスカイト酸化物の基板(以下、「SrTiO3(210)面方位基板」という)である基板2の上に、基板2と格子ミスマッチの小さい立方晶ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物SmBaMn2O6(電荷軌道秩序温度約380K)を形成した薄膜3である。この具体例に基づいて、まず薄膜の構造について説明し、次いでその製造方法を説明し、その後に、実施例および比較例に基づき基板面に平行側に形成される電荷軌道整列面とその効果について説明する。
図1に、SrTiO3(210)面方位基板である基板2上に形成した薄膜3の断面図を示す。薄膜3は、基板2の(210)面方位の表面のうちの少なくとも一部を覆うように形成される。なお、後述するように薄膜3では、膜厚方向の抵抗値が測定される。このためには例えば、60μmφのAu−Pd電極(図示しない)をスパッタにより薄膜3の表面上に形成する。また、基板2としてNbドープSrTiO3(210)面方位基板を採用して、その基板の裏面にはAl電極(図示しない)を蒸着しておく。そして、これらの電極が測定用電極とされる。
次に、基板2および薄膜3に採用される立方晶ペロフスカイト構造における(210)面方位について説明する。ペロフスカイト構造はABO3と表記され、Aは頂点、Bは体心、O(酸素)は面心の各位置を占める。本実施形態の説明において、頂点のサイトをAサイトとよび、そこを占める原子をA原子と呼ぶ。体心のBサイトの原子も同様にB原子と呼ぶ。なお、本実施形態において説明するペロフスカイト構造を立方晶により説明しているのは単に説明の簡明さのためである。本実施形態に含まれるペロフスカイト構造には、立方晶以外にも、正方晶(tetragonal)、斜方晶(orthorhombic)、単斜晶(monoclinic)など、何らかの変形を伴う任意の結晶格子の位置に上述のA、B、O原子を配置しているものも含まれている。さらに、例えば、上述のユニットセルを複数つなげてはじめて結晶格子の基本単位格子が得られるような結晶構造の物質も、本実施形態に含まれている。
d(210)=a・sinθ 式3
から求められ、約0.1746nmとなる。なお、aはSrTiO3の格子定数(=0.3905nm)である。また、立方晶のユニットセルが(100)面方位から約26.6度傾いたという見方をすると、面直方向の間隔は3d(210)つまり約0.5238nmである。なお、面内原子位置周期性まで考慮した面直方向の長さは5d(210)つまり約0.873nmとなる。
次に、SrTiO3(210)面方位基板である基板2の表面における面内[001]軸方向に延びる第1種の向きの面によるステップ部と、その第1種の向きとは異なる向きの(100)面によるテラス部とを含む凹凸構造について説明する。SrTiO3(210)面方位基板の表面は、購入段階では同材料の(100)面方位基板の場合のようにはステップ出しがされていない。このため、購入段階のSrTiO3(210)面方位基板の表面は、nmスケールで平坦であり、特段の規則構造は形成されていない。ところが、その状態のSrTiO3(210)面方位基板を、大気中、基板到達温度1100℃、12時間の条件でアニール処理して得られた基板2の表面には凹凸構造が形成される。この凹凸構造は、面内[001]軸方向に延びるステップ部と(100)面のテラス部とを有している。
本実施形態においては、SrTiO3(210)面方位基板である基板2の(100)面からなるテラス部4をテンプレートとして、SmBaMn2O6薄膜である薄膜3を形成する。これにより、その薄膜3においては、[100]軸方向にSmO−MnO2−BaO−MnO2−SmO・・・とAサイトを秩序化させることが可能となる。
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。以下の実施例に示す材料、使用量、割合、処理内容、処理手順、要素または部材の向きや具体的配置等は本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り適宜変更することかできる。したがって、本発明の範囲は以下の具体例に限定されるものではない。上述した製造方法に従って実施例サンプルを作製した。実施例サンプルは、上記凹凸構造を表面に形成したSrTiO3(210)面方位基板である基板2に、SmBaMn2O6薄膜である薄膜3を形成したものである。
次に、(100)面の作るテラス面上で[100]軸方向に成長したSmBaMn2O6薄膜である薄膜3のAサイト秩序と電荷軌道整列面1の配置について説明する。結晶格子の説明は、一般性を失わないためLnBaMn2O6に基づいて説明する。また、比較のため、成長方向が[210]軸である比較例についても説明する。
図5は、Aサイトの希土類元素Lnとアルカリ土類元素Baの原子面が[100]軸方向にLnO−MnO2−BaO−・・・と積層された構造を取ることによって、Aサイトが秩序化したLnBaMn2O6の結晶格子の側面図である。特に、図5(a)は面内[001]軸、図5(b)は、面内[1−20]軸からみた側面図であり、これらの図は、ペロフスカイト構造を説明した図2(a)および(b)と同様の作図法により描かれている。ただし、薄膜3では、[100]軸方向に成長しAサイトが秩序化している点は図2の場合と異なっている。このようなAサイト秩序化パターンが形成された薄膜3における電荷軌道整列面1は、図6に示すように基板に対して平行側となる約26.6度傾斜した向きとなる。
これに対し、同じ材質の薄膜であっても、成長方向が[210]軸である場合には電荷軌道整列面の向きは異なる。比較例として、(210)面方位基板上にて[210]軸方向に向かって成長し、Aサイトが秩序化したSmBaMn2O6薄膜である薄膜13の構造を図7に示す。ここでも、LnBaMn2O6に基づいて図示している。[210]軸方向に向かって成長すると、LnBaMn2O6薄膜におけるAサイト秩序化のパターンが図6に示した実施例の場合とは異なる。具体的には、薄膜13の電荷軌道整列面11は図8に示すように基板面に対してより大きく傾斜して、垂直側に配置される。この場合、電荷軌道整列面11が基板面に対して角度約63.4度に向くこととなる。なお、[210]軸方向に向かってSmBaMn2O6薄膜(LnBaMn2O6薄膜)を成長させるためには、ステップ出しがされていないもののnmスケールで平坦な購入段階のSrTiO3(210)面方位基板を用いる。
電荷軌道整列面の配置が異なる実施例サンプルと比較例サンプルの各薄膜がともに電荷軌道整列秩序の発生と消滅による一次転移を示すことを電気抵抗の温度依存性と磁場依存性とにより調べた。
11 電荷軌道整列面((210)面成長の場合)
2 基板
3 ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜
4 テラス:(100)面
5 ステップ:(010)面
13 ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜(比較例)
Claims (3)
- ペロフスカイト結晶格子のAサイトにバリウムBaと希土類元素Lnとを含んで構成されているペロフスカイト型マンガン(Mn)酸化物薄膜であって、
(210)面方位のペロフスカイト構造を有する基板の表面の少なくとも一部を覆って形成されており、
該基板の[100]軸方向に向かって、LnO−MnO2−BaO−MnO2−LnO・・・と積層された原子面を有している
ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜。 - 前記基板がSrTiO3(210)面方位基板であり、
該基板が、面内[001]軸方向に延びる第1種の向きの面によるステップ部と、前記第1種の向きとは異なる向きの(100)面によるテラス部とを含む凹凸構造を、前記ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜が形成される表面に有している
請求項1に記載のペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜。 - 化学式SmBaMn2O6で表される
請求項1または請求項2に記載のペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜。
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