JP5646990B2 - 幹細胞自己複製のための方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
幹細胞自己複製のための方法及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2007年4月23日出願の米国特許出願第60/926,065号、及び2008年2月22日出願の米国特許出願第61/066,693号の利益を主張するものであり、これらの出願はその全文が参照することで本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明は、幹細胞集団、特に造血幹細胞集団を増大させるための方法及び組成物に関する。
造血幹細胞(HSC)はクローン原性細胞であり、自己複製(増大)及び、すべての種類の成熟血液細胞を生じさせる多系列分化能(multilineage potential)という両方の特性を有する。HSCは、造血の役割を担っており、増殖及び分化を起こすことによって、自己複製の能力は維持したまま種々の系列の成熟血液細胞を産生する。この自己複製の能力により、HSCの集団が動物の一生の間維持され、さらに、致死量の放射線を受けたコンジェニックホストの骨髄でのHSCの再増殖を可能とする。
従って、本発明の一つの態様は、末梢血液、臍帯血、及び骨髄から成る群より選択される組織から得られた幹細胞の集団を増大させるための方法である。この方法は、幹細胞の集団中のPTEN経路及びWnt経路を調節して幹細胞の数を増大させることを含む。
本発明の一つの態様は、末梢血液、臍帯血、及び骨髄から成る群より選択される組織から得られた幹細胞の集団を増大させるための方法である。この方法は、幹細胞の集団中のPTEN経路及びWnt経路を調節して幹細胞の数を増大させることを含む。
構成的活性化β−カテニンと合わせたPTENの欠失が初期の造血前駆細胞の喪失と共にHSCの増大を引き起こす
PTEN/構成的活性化β−カテニン二重変異マウスの誘導
Ptenのホモ接合LoxP導入(fl)アレル(Ptenfl/fl)を有するマウスを、マウスβ−カテニン遺伝子のエクソン3(ここにリン酸化標的セリン/スレオニン残基のすべてが位置する)が2つのloxP配列にはさまれたCtnnb1fl/flマウスと交配させた(Harada,N.,et al.,Embo J,18(21):5931−42 1999.Yilmaz,O.H.,et al.,Nature,441:475−82 2006.Zhang,J.,et al.,Nature,441(7092):518−22 2006)。次に、この交配からの二重ヘテロ接合体マウス(double heterozygous mice)を交配させて、Ptenfl/flCtnnb1fl/+マウス(Ctnnb1は機能獲得型アレルであるため、Ctnnb1に対するヘテロ接合体マウスのみが必要である)を作出した。同時に、Ptenfl/flマウスをScl−Cre+トランスジェニックマウスと交配させ、Scl−Cre+Ptenfl/+マウスを作出した。次に、これらを交配させ、Scl−Cre+Ptenfl/flマウス(「Pten」)を作出した。最後に、Ptenfl/flCtnnb1fl/+マウスをScl−Cre+Ptenfl/flマウスと交配させ、Scl−Cre+Ptenfl/flCtnnb1fl/+マウス(「Pten:Ctnnb1」)を作出した。Scl−CreマウスをCtnnb1fl/flマウスとも交配させて、一重変異Scl−Cre+Ctnnb1fl/+マウス(「Ctnnb1」)を作出した。Scl−Creが欠失したマウス(「Scl−Cre陰性」又は「コントロール」)をコントロールとして用いた。
タモキシフェンによる誘導後の6週間目にて骨髄及び脾臓を採取し、単一細胞懸濁液とした。溶血緩衝剤(0.16M塩化アンモニウム、Sigma カタログ番号A9434)を用いて赤血球溶解を行った。細胞は、系列マーカーに対しては、Kitと共にCD3、CD4、CD8、B220、IgM、Mac−1、Gr1、及びTer119抗体を、LSK分析に対してはSca−1を、又は前駆細胞分析に対しては、IL−7Rα、CD34、及びCD16/32と共にこれらのマーカーを用いて染色した(Akashi,K.,et al.,A clonogenic common myeloid progenitor that gives rise to all myeloid lineages.Nature 2000.404(6774):p.193−7)。示したように、LT−HSC分析に対してはFlk2を加えた。
コントロール及び変異体LSK細胞のインビトロ培養
細胞培養
LSK又はLSK Flk2-細胞を、100細胞/ウェル、200μl培地/ウェルにて96ウェルU底組織培養プレートへ選別した。細胞を、37℃、5%O2、5%CO2(残量N2)にて、示した日数の間インキュベートした。1日おきに、培地の全容量の半分(基本培地については、以下の表1参照)を注意深く上部からピペットで取り、新鮮な培地で置換した。
以下の実験において、表1の基本培地を、20ng/ml rm−IGF−2(R&D Systems,カタログ番号792−MG)及び10ng/ml組変えヒトFGF−1(Affinity BioReagents,カタログ番号ORP16010)によってさらに補足した。
5週間の培養後におけるPten及びPten:Ctnnb1のLSK細胞の移植分析
以下の実験では、細胞を実施例2で述べたものと同じ方法で培養した。実施例2のように、表1の基本培地を、20ng/ml rm−IGF−2(R&D Systems,792−MG)及び10ng/ml 組換えヒトFGF−1(Affinity BioReagents,ORP16010)で補足した。
PTEN/Akt及びWnt/β−カテニンシグナル伝達経路に対するエキソビボでの薬理学的な操作が、協同的に機能HSCの増大を進行させる
100個のLSK Flk2-細胞を野生型(C57Bl/6)マウスから選別し、(1)培地、(2)培地+1μM CHIR99021(GSK−3β阻害剤、Dr. Sheng Dingより寄贈)、(3)培地+200nM ビスペルオキソ(ピコリナート)オキソバナジン酸二カリウム塩(BpV(pic)、PTEN阻害剤、Calbiochemより入手可能、カタログ番号203705)、(4)培地+1μM CHIR99021+200nM BpV(pic)、(5)培地+200nM シコニン(やはりPTEN阻害剤、Calbiochemより入手可能、カタログ番号565850)、及び(6)培地+200nM シコニン+1μM CHIR99021、にて培養した(図3B乃至C)。細胞の培養は上述のようにして行った。培養の17日目(図3B、元の倍率100×)、及び23日目(図3C、元の倍率40×)に細胞を調べた。コントロールと比較して、別々に適用された阻害剤ではいずれも、より大きなLSK細胞の増大が見られ、このことは、GSK−3βの阻害が、Ctnnb1変異体のLSKで示されるβ−カテニンの構成的活性化と厳密に同等であるわけではないことを示しており、一方、Pten変異体のLSKと比較して(図2参照)、BpV(pic)では類似の結果が見られた。二重変異体のLSK(図2)と同様に、両方の阻害剤の存在下にて最大の増大が発生した(図3B/C、パネル4)。
エキソビボでの薬理学的な操作後の培養LSK細胞の移植分析
細胞の採取及び再増殖
細胞は、ピペットによる出し入れを数回行った後に新しいチューブへ移すことによって、移植の前にウェルから採取した。次に、さらに培地を添加してこの手順を繰り返すことで残留物を回収した。細胞をフェノールレッドを含有しないDMEM(Invitrogen,カタログ番号31053)で洗浄し、コンジェニックドナーからの適切な数の全骨髄レスキュー細胞(示したように、マウスあたり、200000個のレスキュー細胞+1000個の再選別LSK Flk2-細胞(図3F乃至H)、又は10日間培養した100個のLSK Flk2-細胞の非接着性産物(non−adherent product)(図3I乃至K)に対して)へ添加した。細胞は、致死量の放射線(10グレイ、単一照射)を照射したPtprc(CD45.1+)レシピエントマウスに、尾静脈からインスリンシリンジを用いて注入した。
(1)培地、(2)培地+BpV(pic)、(3)培地+CHIR99021、及び(4)培地+CHIR99021(1μM)+BpV(pic)(200nM)にて28日間培養した細胞を、LSK Flk2-細胞について再選別した。各培地条件からの1000個のLSK Flk2-細胞(CD45.2+)を、2×105個のコンジェニック全骨髄競合細胞と共に、致死量の放射線(10Gy)を照射したCD45.1+レシピエントマウスへ移植した。移植後4週間目にて、ドナー(図3G)及び多系列(図3H)生着について末梢血液を分析した。図3Gにおいて、各棒グラフは個々のマウスを表している。横方向の点線は、競合細胞のみを移植されたマウスの平均の「生着」、従って、実際の生着の検出可能限界を表している。28日間の培養物からは長期間(4ヶ月)の生着が観察されなかった(データ示さず)。両阻害剤の存在下にて培養したLSK Flk2-細胞を移植した場合、>1%の生着を示すマウスは、CHIR99021のみが存在する場合の4/8、BpV(pic)のみが存在する場合の0/10、及び培地のみの2/6と比較して、8体のうちの6体である。1パーセント若しくはそれを超える生着は、実質的な生着に対する基準限界である(Zhang,C.C.,et al.,Nat Med,12(2):240−5,2006.Zhang,C.C.and H.F.Lodish,Blood,105(11):4314−20,2005)。従って、両阻害剤を合わせて用いることによってLSKの最大の増大が誘発されるが(図2F)、同等数のこれらの培養したLSK Flk2-細胞の移植によっても、両阻害剤で培養した場合は、阻害剤なし又は一方の阻害剤単独の場合と比較して、短期的な生着/機能性の上昇が誘発される。
(1)培地、(2)培地+BpV(pic)(200nM)、(3)培地+CHIR99021(100nM)、及び(4)培地+CHIR99021(100nM)+BpV(pic)(200nM)において9日間培養した細胞を、LSK Flk2-細胞について再選別し、示した条件下での9日間の培養後のLSK Flk2-細胞の増大の倍数を測定した(図3I)。28日間の培養物からは長期間の生着が観察されなかったことから(図3D乃至H、データ示さず)、増大及び長期間の再増殖の両方の達成が可能かどうかの試験には、LSK Flk2-細胞は9日間のみの培養とした。ここでは、28日間の培養物と比較して類似の傾向が観察されたが(図9Fと比較して)、増大の度合いは、28日間の培養物に対して9日間のみでは著しく低下していた。
バイオロジック含有培地でのHSCの培養
抗GSK−3β及び抗PTEN抗体は、本技術分野で公知の手順に従って作製(又は、例えば、Sigma、ExactAntigene、及びBiocompareから購入)することができる。
siRNA又はRNAiを含有する培地でのHSCの培養
PTEN siRNA及びGSK−3b siRNAは、本技術分野で公知の手順に従って作製することができる(例えば、Mise−Omata S et al.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.328(4):1034−42 2005、を参照、又はBiocompareから購入可能)。
Claims (12)
- 末梢血液、臍帯血、及び骨髄から成る群より選択される組織から得られた造血幹細胞(HSC)の集団を増大させるための方法であって、該方法は、該HSCを(a)可逆的ホスファターゼテンシンホモログ(PTEN)阻害剤、及び(b)可逆的GSK−3β阻害剤と接触させることを含む方法。
- 実質的に未分化の造血幹細胞(HSC)集団のエキソビボでの増大のための方法であって、該HSCを(a)可逆的PTEN阻害剤、及び(b)可逆的GSK−3β阻害剤と接触させて、該幹細胞集団の著しい分化を伴うことなく未分化幹細胞の数を増大させることを含む、方法。
- 末梢血液、臍帯血、及び骨髄から成る群より選択される組織から得られた造血幹細胞(HSC)集団をエキソビボで増大させるための方法であって、該方法が、該HSCを(a)可逆的PTEN阻害剤、及び(b)可逆的GSK−3β阻害剤と接触させて、該HSC集団の多系列分化能は維持したまま、該HSC集団を、続いてのそれを必要としている患者への移植に足る十分な量まで増大させることを含む、方法。
- 前記可逆的PTEN阻害剤が、シコニン、ビスペルオキソバナジウム化合物、SF−1751(Semafore Pharmaceuticals)、これらの医薬塩、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ビスペルオキソバナジウム化合物が、bpV(phen)2、bpV(pic)、これらの医薬塩、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記可逆的GSK−3β阻害剤が、ヒメニアルジシン、フラボピリドール、ケンパウロン、アルステルパウロン、アザケンパウロン、インディルビン−30−オキシム、6−ブロモインディルビン−30−オキシム(BIO)、6−ブロモインディルビン−30−アセトキシム、アロイシンA、アロイシンB、TDZD8、化合物12、CHIR98014、CHIR99021(CT99021)、CT20026、化合物1、SU9516、ARA014418、スタウロスポリン、化合物5a、化合物29、化合物46、GF109203x(ビスインドリルマレイミド I)、Ro318220(ビスインドリルマレイミド IX)、SB216763、SB415286、I5、CGP60474、化合物8b、TWS119、化合物1A、化合物17、リチウム、ベリリウム、亜鉛、低分子GSK−3β阻害剤(Vertex Pharmaceuticals)、NP−12(Neuropharma)、GSK−3β阻害剤(Amphora)、GSK−3β阻害剤(CrystalGenomics)、SAR−502250(Sanofi−Aventis)、3544(Hoffmann−La Roche)、GSK−3β阻害剤(Lundbeck)、TDZD−8(Cancer Center, University of Rochester)、これらの薬理学的に許容される塩、及びこれらの組み合わせ、から成る群より選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PTEN阻害剤が、bpV(pic)であり、前記GSK−3β阻害剤が、CHIR99021である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記造血幹細胞(HSC)集団が、臍帯血、末梢血液、及び骨髄から成る群より選択される哺乳類の組織から得られる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 造血幹細胞(HSC)集団を、それを必要としている患者への続いての移植のために増大させるためのキットであって、該キットは、PTEN阻害剤、GSK−3β阻害剤、及び該阻害剤の使用説明書を含む、キット。
- 前記PTEN阻害剤が、シコニン、bpV(phen)2、bpV(pic)、SF−1751(Semafore Pharmaceuticals)、これらの医薬塩、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択され、前記GSK−3β阻害剤が、ヒメニアルジシン、フラボピリドール、ケンパウロン、アルステルパウロン、アザケンパウロン、インディルビン−30−オキシム、6−ブロモインディルビン−30−オキシム(BIO)、6−ブロモインディルビン−30−アセトキシム、アロイシンA、アロイシンB、TDZD8、化合物12、CHIR98014、CHIR99021(CT99021)、CT20026、化合物1、SU9516、ARA014418、スタウロスポリン、化合物5a、化合物29、化合物46、GF109203x(ビスインドリルマレイミド I)、Ro318220(ビスインドリルマレイミド IX)、SB216763、SB415286、I5、CGP60474、化合物8b、TWS119、化合物1A、化合物17、リチウム、ベリリウム、亜鉛、低分子GSK−3β阻害剤(Vertex Pharmaceuticals)、NP−12(Neuropharma)、GSK−3β阻害剤(Amphora)、GSK−3β阻害剤(CrystalGenomics)、SAR−502250(Sanofi−Aventis)、3544(Hoffmann−La Roche)、GSK−3β阻害剤(Lundbeck)、TDZD−8(Cancer Center, University of Rochester)、これらの薬理学的に許容される塩、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択される、請求項9に記載のキット。
- 前記PTEN阻害剤が、bpV(pic)であり、前記GSK−3β阻害剤が、CHIR99201である、請求項10に記載のキット。
- 幹細胞集団のエキソビボでの増大を実施するための培地であって、該培地中に存在する生存幹細胞、並びにPTEN及びGSK−3β阻害剤を、該幹細胞集団の増大を可能とするのに十分な濃度に維持する一方、該幹細胞の多系列分化能を維持するのに適する流体培地を含む培地。
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WO2008133904A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
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