JP5594959B2 - 太陽電池素子封止材 - Google Patents
太陽電池素子封止材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5594959B2 JP5594959B2 JP2008500394A JP2008500394A JP5594959B2 JP 5594959 B2 JP5594959 B2 JP 5594959B2 JP 2008500394 A JP2008500394 A JP 2008500394A JP 2008500394 A JP2008500394 A JP 2008500394A JP 5594959 B2 JP5594959 B2 JP 5594959B2
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- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- sealing material
- ethylene
- carboxylic acid
- acid ester
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
記
(a)該共重合体の融点(T℃)(JIS K7121に準拠)と極性モノマー単位含有量(Xモル%)が下記式を満足すること。
−3.0X+125≧T≧−3.0X+109
(b)該共重合体の0.6mm厚みのシートを2枚のガラスに貼りあわせた試料構成のHAZEが10%以下であること(但し、2枚のガラスだけを重ねたときのHAZEは0.5%である)。
(c)融点が75℃以上であること。
(d)150℃の貯蔵弾性率が103Pa以上であること。
(ア)シランカップリング剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤から選ばれる添加剤と上記エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸エステル共重合体とを予めドライブレンドした組成物、もしくはシランカップリング剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤から選ばれる添加剤と上記エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸エステル共重合体とを一軸押出機、二軸押出機、バンバリーミキサー、あるいはニーダーを用いて溶融混合して得た組成物。
(a)該共重合体の融点(T℃)(示差走査熱量計(DSC)において最大吸熱ピークを示す温度)(JIS K7121−1987、ISO3146による)と極性モノマー単位含有量(Xモル%)が式
−3.0X+125≧T≧−3.0X+109
好ましくは、式
−3.0X+125≧T≧−3.0X+112
を満足すること。
(b)該共重合体の0.6mm厚みのシートを2枚のガラスに貼りあわせた試料構成のHAZEが10%以下、好ましくは6%以下であること(但し、2枚のガラスだけを重ねたときのHAZEは0.5である)。
(c)融点が75℃以上であること。
(d)150℃の貯蔵弾性率が103Pa以上であること。
(1)エチレン・アクリル酸メチル共重合体(EMA−1):アクリル酸メチル単位含有量30重量%(12.2モル%)、メルトフローレート(JIS K7210、190℃、2160g荷重)3g/10分
(2)エチレン・アクリル酸メチル共重合体(EMA−2):
アクリル酸メチル単位含有量35重量%(15.0モル%)、メルトフローレート(JIS K7210、190℃、2160g荷重)3g/10分
(3)エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA):
酢酸ビニル単位含有量25重量%(9.8モル%)、メルトフローレート(JIS K7210、190℃、2160g荷重)2.5g/10分
(4)エチレン・アクリル酸エチル共重合体(EEA):
アクリル酸エチル単位含有量25重量%(8.5モル%)、メルトフローレート(JIS K7210、190℃、2160g荷重)5g/10分
(5)シランカップリング剤:
γ−(メタクリロキシプロピル)トリメトキシシラン
(6)UV吸収剤
Cyasorb UV1164(Cytec Industries Inc.社製)
(7)耐光安定剤
(a)チヌビン 622LD(チバガイギー社製)
(b)サノール LS770(チバガイギー社製)
(8)酸化防止剤
イルガノックス 1010(チバガイギー社製)
異型押出機(スクリュー径40mm、L/D=26、フルフライトスクリュー、圧縮比2.6)を用い、加工温度120℃で、UV吸収剤0.3重量%、耐光安定剤(a)0.15重量%、耐光安定剤(b)0.15重量%及び酸化防止剤0.03重量%を含む上記エチレン・アクリル酸メチル共重合体(EMA−1)の厚み0.6mmのシートを作製した。3mm厚みの青色ガラス2枚の間にこのシートを挟み、150℃×15分で真空貼り合わせ機にて貼り合わせを行った。この貼りあわせた試料のHAZEは測定した(2枚のガラスだけを重ねたときのHAZEは0.5%である)。また3mm厚みの青色ガラスと3mm厚みのアルミニウム板の間に上記で作製したシートを挟み、150℃×15分で真空貼り合わせ機にて貼り合わせを行った。この貼り合わせた試料を100℃で60°に傾斜して500時間保持し、シートが溶融してガラスがずれる状況を観察した。また上記共重合体の2mm厚みのシートをプレス成形機で作製し、その150℃における貯蔵弾性率を測定した。
得られたシートを、3mm厚の青色ガラス板とバックシート(白色に着色したポリエチレンテレフタレート)の間に挟み、150℃×15分で真空貼り合わせ機にて貼り合わせを行った。
この貼りあわせた試料の黄色化度を測定し、続いて同試料を2条件下で露光させて、熟成後再度黄色化度を測定した。
上記で得られたポリエチレンシートを3mm厚の青色ガラス板と3mm厚のアルミニウム板の間に挟み、150℃×15分で真空貼り合わせ機にて貼り合わせを行った。
結果を表1に示す。
EMA−1の代わりに上記エチレン・アクリル酸メチル共重合体(EMA−2)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
EMA−1の代わりに上記エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
EMA−1の代わりに上記エチレン・アクリル酸エチル共重合体(EEA)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
(1)融点
DSC装置(Du Pont Instrument社製)を用い、JIS K7121−1987の方法で測定した。
(2)JIS A硬度
JIS K7215(デュロメータ Aタイプ、東洋精機社製)に従って、硬度を測定した。
(3)HAZE
スガ試験機製ヘーズメーターを用いて、JIS K7105の方法で評価した。
(4)貯蔵弾性率
下記装置を用い、下記条件で測定した。
装置:レオロジー社製 DVE−V4 FT−レオスペクトラー
条件:引張モード、シート厚み2mm、周波数10Hz、振幅2μm、正弦波、昇温速度3℃/分、測定温度150℃
(5)老化試験
下記条件で熟成したのち積層体サンプルの黄色化度(YI)を測定した。
耐熱性:120℃×500時間
耐湿性:85℃×700時間
Claims (8)
- 不飽和カルボン酸エステル単位の含有量が10〜40重量%のエチレンと不飽和カルボン酸エステルの共重合体であって、JIS A硬度が65以下であり、下記(a)〜(d)を満足するエチレン・不飽和カルボン酸エステル共重合体または下記(ア)の該エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸エステル共重合体の組成物を、T−ダイ押出もしくはカレンダー成形して製造したことを特徴とする太陽電池素子封止材(ただし、架橋構造を有するものを除く。)。
記
(a)該共重合体の融点(T℃)(JIS K7121に準拠)と極性モノマー単位含有量(Xモル%)が下記式を満足すること。
−3.0X+125≧T≧−3.0X+109
(b)該共重合体の0.6mm厚みのシートを2枚のガラスに貼りあわせた試料構成のHAZEが10%以下であること(但し、2枚のガラスだけを重ねたときのHAZEは0.5%である)。
(c)融点が75℃以上であること。
(d)150℃の貯蔵弾性率が103Pa以上であること。
(ア)シランカップリング剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤から選ばれる添加剤と上記エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸エステル共重合体とを予めドライブレンドした組成物、もしくはシランカップリング剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤から選ばれる添加剤と上記エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸エステル共重合体とを一軸押出機、二軸押出機、バンバリーミキサー、あるいはニーダーを用いて溶融混合して得た組成物。 - 不飽和カルボン酸エステルが、アクリル酸エチルである請求項1記載の太陽電池素子封止材。
- エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸エステル共重合体が、チューブラー法により製造されたものである請求項1又は2に記載の太陽電池素子封止材。
- シート状である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の太陽電池素子封止材。
- (b)に規定するHAZEが4.5%以下である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池素子封止材。
- (d)に規定する貯蔵弾性率が1.2×103Pa以上である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池素子封止材。
- 3mm厚みの青色ガラスと3mm厚みのアルミニウム板の間にエチレン・不飽和カルボン酸エステル共重合体の0.6mm厚みのシートを挟み、150℃×15分で真空貼り合わせ機にて貼り合わせた試料を100℃で60°に傾斜して500時間保持し、シートが溶融してガラスがずれる状況を観察した結果、ずれのないことを示す請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池素子封止材。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池素子封止材を用いて作製された太陽電池モジュール。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008500394A JP5594959B2 (ja) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-08 | 太陽電池素子封止材 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005064282 | 2005-03-08 | ||
| JP2005064282 | 2005-03-08 | ||
| PCT/JP2006/305071 WO2006095911A1 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-08 | Encapsulation material for solar cell element |
| JP2008500394A JP5594959B2 (ja) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-08 | 太陽電池素子封止材 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008533715A JP2008533715A (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
| JP5594959B2 true JP5594959B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
Family
ID=36463422
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008500394A Expired - Lifetime JP5594959B2 (ja) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-03-08 | 太陽電池素子封止材 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080169023A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1877455B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5594959B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101137682B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE602006014389D1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006095911A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104385747A (zh) | 2004-12-07 | 2015-03-04 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 多层复合膜及由其制备的制品 |
| US20080099064A1 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-01 | Richard Allen Hayes | Solar cells which include the use of high modulus encapsulant sheets |
| US20080196760A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Richard Allen Hayes | Articles such as safety laminates and solar cell modules containing high melt flow acid copolymer compositions |
| US8691372B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2014-04-08 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Articles comprising high melt flow ionomeric compositions |
| KR101623603B1 (ko) | 2008-06-02 | 2016-05-23 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | 탁도가 낮은 봉지제 층을 가진 태양 전지 모듈 |
| KR101358364B1 (ko) | 2008-06-26 | 2014-02-05 | 듀폰-미츠이 폴리케미칼 가부시키가이샤 | 태양전지용 적층 시트 및 이것을 사용한 태양전지 모듈 |
| FR2938262B1 (fr) * | 2008-11-13 | 2010-11-19 | Arkema France | Fabrication de copolymeres ethylene/acide carboxylique a partir de matieres renouvelables, copolymeres obtenus et utilisations |
| US8080727B2 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2011-12-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solar cell modules comprising an encapsulant sheet of a blend of ethylene copolymers |
| US20100224235A1 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2010-09-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Light weight solar cell modules |
| JP5359393B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-09 | 2013-12-04 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール封止用シートおよび太陽電池モジュール |
| WO2011007717A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-20 | 住友化学株式会社 | 太陽電池用封止材 |
| KR101119954B1 (ko) * | 2009-11-17 | 2012-03-16 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 태양전지용 접착시트 조성물, 이를 이용한 태양전지용 접착시트 및 태양전지 |
| US8211264B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2012-07-03 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for preparing transparent multilayer film structures having a perfluorinated copolymer resin layer |
| US8211265B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2012-07-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for preparing multilayer structures containing a perfluorinated copolymer resin layer |
| US8409379B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2013-04-02 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Multilayer structures containing a fluorinated copolymer resin layer and an ethylene terpolymer layer |
| JP2013537494A (ja) | 2010-07-30 | 2013-10-03 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | フッ素化コポリマー樹脂層および封止層を備える多層フィルム |
| KR101102319B1 (ko) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-01-03 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 태양전지용 접착시트 조성물, 이를 이용한 태양전지용 접착시트 및 태양전지 |
| US8507097B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2013-08-13 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Multilayer films containing a fluorinated copolymer resin layer and a cross-linkable ionomeric encapsulant layer |
| CN102655177A (zh) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-09-05 | 亿芳能源科技股份有限公司 | Iii-v族太阳能电池封装件及其制法 |
| US20140224314A1 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2014-08-14 | Kenji Kido | Resin sheet for sealing solar cell, solar cell module using same, and method for manufacturing solar cell module |
| KR101298430B1 (ko) * | 2011-08-10 | 2013-08-20 | 주식회사 화승인더스트리 | 태양전지용 봉지시트 조성물, 이에 따른 봉지시트와 태양전지 모듈 |
| WO2015126918A1 (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2015-08-27 | Lucintech, Inc. | Flexible solar cells and method of producing same |
| US20150325729A1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Encapsulant composition comprising a copolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and a third comonomer |
| FR3022545B1 (fr) | 2014-06-18 | 2016-06-24 | Arkema France | Encapsulant d'un module photovoltaique |
| FR3023295B1 (fr) | 2014-07-02 | 2017-12-08 | Arkema France | Encapsulant d'un module photovoltaique |
| CN117120535A (zh) | 2021-04-15 | 2023-11-24 | H.B.富乐公司 | 用于薄膜光伏模块中的处于膜形式的热熔融组合物 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU3900293A (en) * | 1991-09-24 | 1993-07-28 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Copolymers of ethylene and alkyl acrylate, processes for preparing same and high clarity films |
| JPH07302926A (ja) * | 1994-04-30 | 1995-11-14 | Canon Inc | 太陽電池モジュール |
| US6093757A (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 2000-07-25 | Midwest Research Institute | Composition and method for encapsulating photovoltaic devices |
| JPH11135820A (ja) * | 1997-08-27 | 1999-05-21 | Canon Inc | 太陽電池モジュール及び太陽電池モジュール用補強部材 |
| JPH11317475A (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-11-16 | Canon Inc | 半導体用封止材樹脂および半導体素子 |
| JP4565455B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-16 | 2010-10-20 | 三井・デュポンポリケミカル株式会社 | 太陽電池封止材料及び太陽電池モジュール |
| JP4437349B2 (ja) * | 1999-10-21 | 2010-03-24 | 三井・デュポンポリケミカル株式会社 | 太陽電池封止材料及び太陽電池モジュール |
| DE10394373B4 (de) * | 2002-12-16 | 2016-06-02 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Zwischenfolie für ein Solarzellenmodul und Solarzellenmodul, bei dem die Zwischenfolie eingesetzt wird |
| JP2004319800A (ja) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-11-11 | Canon Inc | 太陽電池モジュール |
-
2006
- 2006-03-08 JP JP2008500394A patent/JP5594959B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-03-08 DE DE602006014389T patent/DE602006014389D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-03-08 US US11/885,934 patent/US20080169023A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-08 WO PCT/JP2006/305071 patent/WO2006095911A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-03-08 CN CN200680007744XA patent/CN101137682B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-03-08 EP EP06715662A patent/EP1877455B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1877455A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
| DE602006014389D1 (de) | 2010-07-01 |
| EP1877455B1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
| US20080169023A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
| CN101137682B (zh) | 2011-10-26 |
| WO2006095911A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
| JP2008533715A (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
| CN101137682A (zh) | 2008-03-05 |
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