JP5591224B2 - 蒸発再循環冷却水システムを作動するための装置 - Google Patents
蒸発再循環冷却水システムを作動するための装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5591224B2 JP5591224B2 JP2011508647A JP2011508647A JP5591224B2 JP 5591224 B2 JP5591224 B2 JP 5591224B2 JP 2011508647 A JP2011508647 A JP 2011508647A JP 2011508647 A JP2011508647 A JP 2011508647A JP 5591224 B2 JP5591224 B2 JP 5591224B2
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Images
Classifications
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
- F28F27/003—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for cooling towers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/422—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using anionic exchangers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/425—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using cation exchangers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/001—Upstream control, i.e. monitoring for predictive control
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/003—Downstream control, i.e. outlet monitoring, e.g. to check the treating agents, such as halogens or ozone, leaving the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
- C02F2209/006—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC] comprising a software program or a logic diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
- C02F2209/008—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC] comprising telecommunication features, e.g. modems or antennas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
- C02F2209/055—Hardness
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/07—Alkalinity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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- F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
- F28F2025/005—Liquid collection; Liquid treatment; Liquid recirculation; Addition of make-up liquid
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
図3は本発明のさまざまな段階で生成される水質特性の予想的な実施例を表す。フローチャート300は蒸発再循環冷却システムのさまざまな点に沿った水質特性の変化の典型的な経路を示す。表302は冷却システムの補給水に用いられる典型的な源水の組成を表す。この原水はカラム304を通過させられ、このカラムは酸性再生剤によりH+つまりプロトン型にされた弱酸性(カルボン酸官能化)カチオン(WAC)交換樹脂を含む。カルボン酸官能基の比較的弱い酸性のためにこの樹脂は、塩基として機能する種により水素イオンが除去されない限り、イオン交換能力をほとんど持たないか、まったく持たない。アルカリ度(この目的のために原水のHCCV、及びCO3 2−はカルボン酸官能基と反応することができ、CO2及びイオン交換樹脂の遊離カルボン酸型を生成する)。いったん樹脂がこのような脱プロトン化により荷電すると、それはカチオン性溶質を補給水から吸着する。カルボン酸樹脂は一般的に、Ca2+>Mg2+>>Na+の順序のカチオン選択性を有する。
腐食及びスケール制御のために最適な水の化学的組成は、補給水の合計硬度の増大又は減少を必要とする可能性がある(T.E.,Larson and R. V.Skold, Laboratory Studies Relating Mineral Quality of Water to Corrosion of Steel and Cast Iron, 1958 Illinois State Water Survey,Champaign,IL pp.[43]〜46:ill.ISWS C−71を参照されたい)。本発明に従うと、この状況は前記測定及び制御システムにより検出され、及び以下の制御活動のいずれか又はそれらの組み合わせによって作動させることができる。ブローダウン速度の減少(冷却ユニット314のブローダウン回路315を経由する)は、補給水中の全ての溶存種の濃度を増加させる一方、増加は濃度を減少させる。しかしながら、増加されたブローダウンは冷却システム操作の効率を低下させるため、これは最も望ましい活動ではない。
天然水の供給物はさまざまな溶質組成を持つ。冷却システム処理に特に重要なものは、腐食抑制性イオンの腐食促進性イオンに対する比率である。冷却システム中の望ましい水の組成を維持しながら軟化プラント(すなわち、WACカラム)の効率的な操作を与え続けるために、本発明の測定及び制御システムをこの比率の変動を調整するために作動できる。実施例1で説明した原理のために、WBAアニオン交換体の操作もこの目的のために特に重要である。このWBA樹脂イオン交換作用は、原水のアルカリ度とWACカラムとの相互作用により生成された、溶解されているCO2により作動される。アルカリ物質の濃度が攻撃的イオンの濃度より少ないとき、攻撃的イオン(例えば、Cl−及びSO4 2−)の除去は不十分となる可能性がある。逆にもし原水のアルカリ度が攻撃的イオンの濃度を超える場合、アニオン交換能力の一部は腐食制御にとって望ましい種である重炭酸イオンの吸着に用いられてしまう。本発明に従う制御行動の1つはWACカラムの前若しくは後に注入によりCO2を添加するか又はストリッピングによりCO2を除去することである。
腐食試験はNaperville市でのイリノイ州の水道用水(ミシガン湖)と銅及び軟鋼切り取り試験片を用いて以下の3つの条件で行われた。(i)蛇口から採取したままの原水、(ii)WAC処理したもの、及び(iii)WAC/WBA処理したもの。切り取り試験片はそれぞれ3種類の組成の水に一晩曝された。結果は表1に示されている。原水が炭素鋼に対して中程度に腐食性であり、WAC処理水は極度に腐食性であり、WAC/WBA処理水ははるかに腐食性が少ないことが見出された。
この実施例は従来技術の欠点を示す。米国特許第4,532,045号(Littman)及び6,746,609号(Stander)は、WAC処理水及び原水の混合が受容できる程度の腐食の制御を提供することを示唆している。しかしながら表2からのデータはそれが事実ではないことを示している。表2は処理水及び原水のさまざまな混合と、それらの試験溶液中の溶解金属イオンの測定による腐食性を示す。原水/処理水の80/20容積%での混合すらも、銅、鋼鉄、真鍮及び亜鉛めっき鋼に対する腐食性を顕著に増大させた。
本発明に従う制御行動の実施例は、硬度及びアニオンの除去を増加させるための処理水のリサイクリング及び原水との混合である。WAC物質による硬度の除去は、通常は水中に存在するアルカリ度に比例する。アルカリ度が合計硬度より低い場合、通常は合計硬度の一部のみが除去される。WACカラムの前の点での処理水のリサイクリングにより、混合水のアルカリ度及び硬度はより綿密に平衡化され、硬度除去の範囲が増加される。このプロセスからのデータは表3に示される。合計硬度及びCaをほぼ平衡化するために2番目のパスは2/1の原水の循環水に対する割合であった。
原水源の価値が大幅に溶質の組成にあることはよく知られている(Nalco Water Handbook,「IonExchange,」ページ2〜12、1998年)。この実施例は、そのような変化する組成に本発明の方法が適応することを可能にする制御行動を説明する。この制御行動は、硬度除去の範囲を増加又は減少させるために、WACカラムに接触させる前にアルカリ性又は酸性添加物を原水に加えることを含む。酸性種としては硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、有機酸などの1つ以上の強酸が上げられる。アルカリ性種としては、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の炭酸化物、重炭酸化物、若しくは水酸化物が挙げられる。
変化する水質及び冷却塔水の所望の最終組成はWAC及びWBAカラム/イオン交換物質の両方の効率の制御を望ましいものとする。WBAカラムによる腐食性イオンの除去及びその結果生じるアルカリ度の増大は通常はWACカラムにより生成されるCO2により制御される。所望の制御行動を達成するための本発明の別の制御行動はCO2の添加又は除去である。表5の結果はこの効果を示している。最初の3つの列はWACカラムにより自然に生成されたCO2による発生された処理効果を示す。最後の4つの列はCO2の添加又は除去の効果を示す。かかる制御行動を通じて、抑制性イオンの腐食性イオンに対する比率を調整することが可能であり、それによりこのプロセスにより生成される水の腐食性の制御が可能となる。表5では、NCは「自然生成のCO2:Native CO2」、DCは「脱炭酸化:Decarbonated」及びFCは「完全炭酸化:Fully Carbonated」を意味する。
Claims (1)
- 蒸発再循環冷却水システムを作動するための装置であって、該システムは再循環水流、補給水源、補給水流、及びコントローラーを含み、
(a)コントローラーと連絡する監視用デバイスであって、該監視用デバイスは再循環水流、補給水流、及び/又は補給水源のアルカリ度を少なくとも測定するために作動可能であり、
(b)前記コントローラーと連絡する伝達用デバイスであって、該伝達用デバイスは前記監視用デバイスからのアルカリ度を前記コントローラーに伝達するために作動可能であり、前記コントローラーは、測定されたアルカリ度が予め選択された基準に合致するかを決定するための命令を実行するために作動可能であり及びシステム内の任意のデバイスへの命令又はデータの伝達を開始するために操作可能であり、
(c)前記コントローラーと連絡する受け取り用デバイスであって、該システム内の任意の構成成分又はデバイスから伝達された命令又はデータを受け取るために作動可能であり、
(d)前記コントローラーと連絡するイオン交換デバイスであって、該イオン交換デバイスはイオン交換物質を含み、コントローラーからの受け取られた伝達された命令を介して前記補給水流を該イオン交換物質と接触させるために活性化されることができ、該イオン交換デバイスは特性のサブセットを調整するために作動可能であり、
(e)再循環冷却水流の1つ以上の追加的濃度を調整するために作動可能である任意の追加的源、並びに
(f)1つ以上の制御活動を活性化する任意の1つ以上の機構
を含む装置。
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PCT/US2009/043066 WO2009137636A1 (en) | 2008-05-07 | 2009-05-07 | Method of minimizing corrosion, scale, and water consumption in cooling tower systems |
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WO2009137636A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
NZ588964A (en) | 2012-11-30 |
RU2010150103A (ru) | 2012-06-20 |
RU2501738C2 (ru) | 2013-12-20 |
CN102026921A (zh) | 2011-04-20 |
US20090277841A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
EP2294015A1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
TW200946910A (en) | 2009-11-16 |
TWI518323B (zh) | 2016-01-21 |
CA2730920A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
KR20110018306A (ko) | 2011-02-23 |
AU2009244243A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
JP2011523010A (ja) | 2011-08-04 |
MY153865A (en) | 2015-03-31 |
AR071752A1 (es) | 2010-07-14 |
ZA201007798B (en) | 2011-08-31 |
AU2009244243B2 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
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CN102026921B (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
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