JP5587966B2 - 燃焼遅延性の燻煙用線香 - Google Patents
燃焼遅延性の燻煙用線香 Download PDFInfo
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Description
ここで、熱分解域領域は、TG−DTA測定により760mmHg、空気雰囲気にて熱分解させて熱重量分析を行い、重量減少が始まる温度から重量減少が終息するまで温度領域をいう。
前記沸点又は熱分解域の全域若しくは一部領域が760mmHgで330〜580℃の範囲内にある物質としては、油脂、脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸誘導体、乾性油もしくは半乾性油、炭素数が19以上の炭化水素、及び粘度が55SUS(37.78℃)以上の流動パラフィンよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種、特に前記物質を好適に用いることができる。
好適な態様においては、線香体中に、沸点又は熱分解域の全域若しくは一部領域が760mmHg、空気雰囲気で330〜580℃の範囲内にある植物繊維以外の物質を1〜20質量%の割合で含有させることにより、その含有割合に応じた燃焼速度に制御することを特徴としている。
燻煙用線香の燃焼は、炭化物の表面燃焼(木炭、コークスなどの燃焼のように、物質の表面だけが赤くなって、順次それが中に移っていく現象)と、その熱による線香基材の炭化が同時に進行して無炎で燃焼する燻焼という現象であり、表面燃焼に関与するのは専ら炭化した線香基材であり、揮散性物質は引火せず外部に流出する。植物由来の粉末基材を基に作られた線香体の炭化に関与する物質は、専ら植物の主要構成物質であるセルロース、ヘミセルロース、リグニンなどの植物性繊維であり、植物中にも含まれる脂質や精油などの植物繊維以外の物質の多くや、植物繊維の炭化の過程で発生する揮発性ガスやタール分などは、表面燃焼による熱によって気化しもしくは熱分解に伴い気化して外部に流出する(蒸散した気化成分がそれに伴って発生する空気流で冷却・凝固され、小粒子の白煙を発生する現象が観察される)。燻焼現象が継続している間は、流出した気化した揮散性物質が引火性であっても燃焼に関与することはない。
これらの中でも、乾性油は、経時的に化学変化を起こし、より複雑で高次的な構造になり、少量の添加でも燃焼遅延化効果が現れる。また、強度的にも優れた線香が得られるので有利である。
高沸点の物質を気化もしくは分解蒸発させた場合には臭いが発生することが多いが、炭素数が19以上の炭化水素の場合、330℃以上で揮発し、且つ異臭を発生しないので有利である。
参考までに、ノルマルパラフィン系炭化水素の760mmHg、空気雰囲気で測定した沸点と幾つかの炭素数との関係を下記表1に示す。
参考までに、流動パラフィンの粘度と760mmHg、空気雰囲気で測定した沸点(蒸留域)との関係を下記表2に示す。
また、本発明の燻煙用線香には、上記各種成分に加えて、立消え防止のために硝酸ナトリウム、硝酸カリウム等の硝酸塩を配合することもできる。また、マラカイトグリーン等の色素、デヒドロ酢酸等の防カビ剤を配合することもできる。
なお、以下の実施例及び比較例において、燃焼速度の測定は以下のようにして行った。
断面4mm×7mmの棒状の線香の先端に点火して5分間程放置した後、直ちにストップウォッチを用いて時間を測定し始める。引き続き無風の場所において燃焼させ、測定開始から丁度1時間経過した時の線香の燃焼した長さを測定し、燃焼速度(1時間当りの燃焼長さ)を求めた。
植物混合粉(木粉、除虫菊粉、除虫菊抽出粕粉、茶粉など)、糊剤(椨粉、α‐スターチなど)、鉱物粉(タルクなど)、硝酸塩(硝酸カリウム、硝酸ナトリウムなど)及び種々の炭素数のノルマルパラフィン系炭化水素を表3及び表4に示す配合割合で混合し、約等量の温水を加えて練り、これを押出機にかけて棒状に押し出し、一定の長さに切断し、風乾後、60℃にて12時間乾燥した断面4mm×7mmの棒状の線香を供試線香とした。また、ノルマルパラフィン系炭化水素を含有しない以外は、実施例1〜5と同様にして作製した線香を対照とした。
これらの線香について、燃焼試験を行い、燃焼速度を調べた。その結果を表3及び表4に併せて示す。
ノルマルパラフィン系炭化水素に代えて表5に示す種々の粘度を有する流動パラフィンを用いた以外は、実施例1〜5と同様にして線香を作製した。
これらの線香について、燃焼試験を行い、燃焼速度を調べた。その結果を、表5に併せて示す。
ノルマルパラフィン系炭化水素に代えて表6に示す種々の配合比率で350SUS(37.78℃)及び553SUS(37.68℃)の粘度を有する流動パラフィンを用いた以外は、実施例1〜5と同様にして線香を作製した。
これらの線香について、燃焼試験を行い、燃焼速度を調べた。その結果を、表6に併せて示す。
ノルマルパラフィン系炭化水素に代えて表7に示すポリエチレンパウダー、ステアリン酸ブチル、又は安息香酸ベンジルを用いた以外は、実施例1〜5と同様にして線香を作製した。
これらの線香について、燃焼試験を行い、燃焼速度を調べた。その結果を、表7に併せて示す。
ノルマルパラフィン系炭化水素に代えて表8に示す種々の配合比率でキャノーラ油を用いた以外は、実施例1〜5と同様にして線香を作製した。
これらの線香について、燃焼試験を行い、燃焼速度を調べた。その結果を、表8に併せて示す。
Claims (2)
- 線香体中に、沸点又は熱分解域の全域若しくは一部領域が760mmHg、空気雰囲気で330〜580℃の範囲内にある、ノルマルパラフィン系炭化水素、ポリエチレンパウダー、ステアリン酸ブチル、キャノラー油、リンシード油及びポピー油から選ばれた少なくとも1つの物質が1〜20質量%の割合で含有されていることを特徴とする燃焼遅延性の燻煙用線香。
- 燃焼速度が、同一断面積の線香体中に、沸点又は熱分解域の全域若しくは一部領域が760mmHg、空気雰囲気で330〜580℃の範囲内にある前記物質が含まれていない線香の燃焼速度に比べ、57〜92%の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃焼遅延性の燻煙用線香。
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