JP5579447B2 - グリセロールからのアクリロニトリルの合成方法 - Google Patents
グリセロールからのアクリロニトリルの合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5579447B2 JP5579447B2 JP2009549463A JP2009549463A JP5579447B2 JP 5579447 B2 JP5579447 B2 JP 5579447B2 JP 2009549463 A JP2009549463 A JP 2009549463A JP 2009549463 A JP2009549463 A JP 2009549463A JP 5579447 B2 JP5579447 B2 JP 5579447B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- glycerol
- reaction
- ammoxidation
- catalyst
- acrolein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 52
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- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZEFLWKRCHOOCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2,3-triol;prop-2-enal Chemical compound C=CC=O.OCC(O)CO FZEFLWKRCHOOCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/24—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by ammoxidation of hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by addition of hydrogen cyanide or salts thereof to unsaturated compounds
- C07C253/10—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by addition of hydrogen cyanide or salts thereof to unsaturated compounds to compounds containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/24—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by ammoxidation of hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons
- C07C253/26—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by ammoxidation of hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds, e.g. unsaturated aldehydes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/42—Nitriles
- C08F220/44—Acrylonitrile
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Toxicology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本発明の一つの対象は、グリセロールからのアクリロニトリルの合成方法にある。
CH2=CH−CH3+NH3+2/3O2 −> CH2=CH−CN+3H2O
グリセロールは植物油のメタノリシス(methanolysis)によってメチルエステルと同時に得られる。メチルエステル自体は特にディーゼルオイルおよび家庭の暖房用石油で用いられる。
D.BalleriniとG.Hillion、化学の現状(L'actualite chimique)、11月〜12月、2002年、64〜69頁
n=no exp(−at)
(ここで、noは開始時(生物、動植物の死)の14C原子の数、nは時間tの終了後に残る14C原子の数、aは崩壊定数(または放射性定数)で、これは半減期に関係する)
CH2OH−CHOH−CH2OH +NH3+1/2 O2−> CH2=CH−CN+4H2O (1)
グリセロールは純粋な形または濃縮または希釈水溶液の形で用いる。濃度が10〜100重量%のグリセロールの水溶液を使用するのが有利である。グリセロールエーテルの生成等の寄生反応や、生成したアクリロニトリルとグリセロールとの反応を避けるために、濃度を過度に高くしてはならない。さらに、グリセロールの水溶液を蒸発させるエネルギーコストが上昇するので、グリセロール溶液は過度に希釈してはならない。グリセロール水溶液から得られる水蒸気は広範囲に変えることができるが、本発明方法を良好に実施するためにはグリセロール/アンモニア/酸素の合計で定義される反応ガスの含有率を、水蒸気と不活性ガス(例えば空気を酸化剤として用いる場合には空気中の窒素)とを含む混合物中で少なくとも2%、特に少なくとも4%にするのが好ましい。
反応混合物の全圧力は大気圧以上にでき、一般に1〜5バール、好ましくは1〜4バールである。
グリセロールのアンモ酸化法で用いられる触媒は反応温度でアンモニアで飽和されない酸触媒である。この触媒は例えばモリブデン、ビスマス、鉄、アンチモン、錫、バナジウム、タングステン、アンチモン、ジルコニウム、チタン、クロム、ニッケル、アルミニウム、リンまたはガリウムの中から選択される一種以上の元素の混合酸化物を含むことができる。
CH2OH−CHOH−CH2OH −> CH2=CH−CHO+2H2O (2)
CH2=CH−CHO+NH3+1/2O2 −> CH2=CH−CN+2H2O (3)
本発明の別の実施例では本発明方法の2段階を異なる温度で行う。従って、2つの反応を用いる触媒の効率および副生成物、例えば高温でのグリセロールの分解生成物の制限の点でそれぞれ最適化することができる。
本発明に適した触媒は反応媒体に不溶な均質材料または多相材料で、ハメット酸度(H0)は+2以下である。ハメット酸度は下記非特許文献7を参照した下記特許文献6に記載のように、指標を用いたアミン滴定か気相での塩基吸着で求める。酸度H0が+2以下という必要条件を満たす触媒は天然または合成の珪素材料、酸性ゼオライト、無機担体、例えば無機酸、モノ、ジ、トリまたはポリ酸で被覆した酸化物、混合酸化物、さらにはヘテロポリ酸の中から選択できる。
C.Marcilly、「酸−塩基触媒」、第1巻、Editions Technip、ISBN番号2-7108-0841-2の第71頁
次いで、アクロレインからアクリロニトリルへのアンモ酸化段階を一般に300〜500℃、好ましくは400〜500℃の温度で、一般に1〜5バール、好ましくは1〜4バールの圧力下で行う。
アンモニア/アクロレインおよび酸素/アクロレインのモル比は広範囲に変えることができる。アンモニア/アクロレインのモル比は1〜1.5、好ましくは1〜1.2にすることができ、酸素/アクロレインのモル比は0.5〜10、好ましくは0.5〜7にすることができる。
以下、本発明の実施例を説明するが、本発明は下記実施例に限定されるものではない。
本発明方法を説明するのにASPENソフトウェアを用いたシュミレーションを利用した。値はkmol/時で表す。分かりやすいように、主成分のみを示す。
この液相(19)を吸収塔(11)の頂部へ送る。103℃の液相(3)(1067kmol/時の水、4kmol/時の酢酸、4kmol/時の蟻酸)を吸収塔の底部から出す。この液相(3)を8つのトレーを有する回収塔(20)の頂部に送り、空気(21)を1.7バール下、90℃の底部に注入する。この回収塔の底部から水流(22)(55℃、976kmol/時の水、4kmol/時の酢酸、4kmol/時の蟻酸)を回収する。
グリセロールの変換率(%)=100−残りのグリセロールのモル数/導入したグリセロールのモル数。
アクロレインの収率(%)=生成したアクロレインのモル数/導入したグリセロールのモル数。
アクロレイン選択率(%)=100×生成したアクロレインのモル数/反応したグリセロールのモル数。
アセトンまたはヒドロキシプロパノンの収率はアクロレインの収率の場合と同じように計算する。
フェノールの収率(%)=2×生成したフェノールのモル数/導入したグリセロールのモル数。
全ての結果は導入したグリセロールに対するモル%で表される。
アクロレインの調製
長さが35cm、内径が22mmの管からなる管状反応器を用いて気相のグリセロールの脱水反応を大気圧で行う。この反応器を反応温度、特に記載のない限り300℃に維持した加熱室に入れる。用いる触媒を粉砕および/またはペレット化して0.5〜1.0mmの粒子を得る。10mlの触媒を反応器に導入して長さが5cmの触媒床を形成する。この床を5〜10分間、反応温度に加熱した後に、反応物を導入する。反応器に20重量%のグリセロール水溶液を12ml/時の平均供給速度で供給し、且つ、例えば本発明の分子状酸素を0.8l/時の流量で供給する。この場合は、O2/気化グリセロール/水蒸気の相対的比率は6/4.5/89.5である。グリセロール水溶液を加熱室で蒸発させ、次いで、触媒に通す。計算された接触時間は約2.9秒である。反応後、砕いた氷で冷却したトラップで生成物を凝縮する。
アクリロニトリルの合成
パイレックス反応器に触媒床を導入する。反応器は触媒を保持するためのフリットを備える。初めに、反応器にプロピレンをアクロレインに酸化するための触媒を6.578g導入する。この触媒は日本触媒によって製品番号ACF4で製造され、この実施例ではこの反応では最適化されていないが、粒径が0.125mmの炭化珪素7mlで希釈されたアンモ酸化触媒として用いられる。次いで、粒径が0.125mmの炭化珪素の床を2mlの量、次いで粒径が0.5mmの炭化珪素の床を7mlの量で導入する。最後に、反応器の頂部まで1.19mmの炭化珪素で反応器をいっぱいにする。
反応器に4.5%のアクロレイン/8.7%の酸素/5.4%のアンモニア/(残部)ヘリウム−クリプトン/15%の水の気体混合物を充填する。ヘリウム−クリプトン気体混合物は内部標準の役目をするクリプトンを4.92%含む。濃縮後の反応器の気化上流である実施例2からの水−アクロレイン混合物を用いる。
排ガスを反応器の出口で、氷で冷却したトラップによって回収し、生成したアクリロニトリルをクロマトグラフィ分析で評価する。
アクリロニトリルの収率は60%である。
Claims (6)
- 気相でのグリセロールのアンモ酸化反応によるアクリロニトリルの製造方法。
- 純粋なグリセロールまたはグリセロール濃度が10〜100重量%の水溶液を用いる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 初めにグリセロールを脱水反応させる請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 脱水段階で生じた水と重質副生成物とを分縮する中間段階を行う請求項3に記載の方法。
- グリセロールのアンモ酸化反応をプロピレンを含むガスの存在下で行う請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- グリセロールのアンモ酸化反応をサーマルバラストの存在下で行う請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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FR0753293 | 2007-02-16 | ||
FR0753293A FR2912742B1 (fr) | 2007-02-16 | 2007-02-16 | Procede de synthese d'acrylonitrile a partir de glycerol |
PCT/FR2008/050261 WO2008113927A1 (fr) | 2007-02-16 | 2008-02-18 | Procede de synthese d'acrylonitrile a partir de glycerol |
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FR2935148B1 (fr) * | 2008-08-25 | 2010-08-27 | Arkema France | Procede de fabrication de fibres de carbone. |
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FR2938838B1 (fr) * | 2008-11-27 | 2012-06-08 | Arkema France | Procede de fabrication d'un methacrylate de methyle derive de la biomasse |
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DE4238493C1 (de) * | 1992-11-14 | 1994-04-21 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrolein und dessen Verwendung |
DE4307509A1 (de) * | 1993-03-10 | 1994-09-15 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3 bis 5 C-Atome aufweisenden alpha,beta-monoethylenisch ungesättigten Aldehyden, Carbonsäuren oder Nitrilen |
RU2105757C1 (ru) * | 1993-09-02 | 1998-02-27 | Стандарт Ойл Компани | Способ парофазного аммоксидирования с3 - с5-моноолефинов |
US6204407B1 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2001-03-20 | The Standard Oil Company | Ammoxidation of a mixture of alcohols to a mixture of nitriles to acetonitrile and HCN |
US6916763B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2005-07-12 | Solutia Inc. | Process for preparing a catalyst for the oxidation and ammoxidation of olefins |
FR2882052B1 (fr) * | 2005-02-15 | 2007-03-23 | Arkema Sa | Procede de deshydratation du glycerol en acroleine |
TWI522092B (zh) * | 2005-02-28 | 2016-02-21 | 贏創德固賽有限責任公司 | 丙烯酸和基於可再生原料之吸水聚合物結構及二者之製備方法 |
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2007
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2008
- 2008-02-18 EP EP08762109A patent/EP2118053A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-02-18 US US12/527,352 patent/US8829223B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-18 CA CA2676669A patent/CA2676669C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-18 JP JP2009549463A patent/JP5579447B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2008-02-18 WO PCT/FR2008/050261 patent/WO2008113927A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-02-18 UA UAA200909494A patent/UA104992C2/uk unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2471774C2 (ru) | 2013-01-10 |
CA2676669A1 (fr) | 2008-09-25 |
CN101636381B (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
BRPI0807736A2 (pt) | 2014-06-03 |
US8829223B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 |
CA2676669C (fr) | 2015-06-16 |
FR2912742B1 (fr) | 2010-03-05 |
FR2912742A1 (fr) | 2008-08-22 |
US20100048850A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
CN101636381A (zh) | 2010-01-27 |
UA104992C2 (uk) | 2014-04-10 |
EP2118053A1 (fr) | 2009-11-18 |
JP2010519191A (ja) | 2010-06-03 |
WO2008113927A1 (fr) | 2008-09-25 |
MX2009008746A (es) | 2009-08-27 |
RU2009134501A (ru) | 2011-03-27 |
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