JP5577329B2 - pH感受性金属ナノ粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
pH感受性金属ナノ粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5577329B2 JP5577329B2 JP2011516156A JP2011516156A JP5577329B2 JP 5577329 B2 JP5577329 B2 JP 5577329B2 JP 2011516156 A JP2011516156 A JP 2011516156A JP 2011516156 A JP2011516156 A JP 2011516156A JP 5577329 B2 JP5577329 B2 JP 5577329B2
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- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
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Description
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、pHによって電荷(charge)が変化する化合物が表面に形成されたことを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子(metal nanoparticles)を提供する。
本発明によれば、pH感受性金属ナノ粒子およびその製造方法を提供する。本発明に係るpH感受性粒子は、異常なpH環境で存在する細胞内で凝集できるから、癌の治療および診断を含む種々の分野に適用することができる。
〈pH感受性リガンドの合成〉
リポ酸(1)を無水クロロホルム(anhydrous chloroform)に溶かした後、常温、真空環境で1.3当量のカルボニルジイミダゾール(carbonyldiimidazole)に添加して5分間攪拌し、残っているカルボニルジイミダゾールを除いた反応溶液層を分離する。リポ酸の5当量に相当するエチレンジアミンを窒素環境で無水クロロホルムに溶かした後、氷浴で温度を低めた状態で上述の溶液を添加して1時間攪拌する(結果物質は(2))。反応溶液を10% NaCl水溶液で3回、3次蒸留水で1回抽出して精製し、無水シトラコン酸を添加して常温で24時間攪拌した後、生成された固体を濾過する(結果物質(3))。この固体を、2NのNaOHを用いてpH9に調整した水溶液に溶かした後、1当量のNaBH4を添加して4時間常温で攪拌する。合成したpH感受性リガンド(4)は精製過程なしで直ちに使用した。
金の前駆体であるHAuCl4を蒸留水に溶かし、120℃で30分間加熱および攪拌した後、クエン酸三ナトリウム(trisodium citrate)を添加してさらに2時間120℃で加熱および攪拌する。この際、クエン酸三ナトリウムが還元剤および表面リガンド(surface ligand)として作用するが、数分内に溶液の色が黄色から赤色に変化することにより、金ナノ粒子が作られたことが分かる。その後、常温で攪拌して冷やす(Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 3128-3136)。
合成したpH感受性リガンドが過量で溶解されている水溶液に、クエン酸塩で安定化された金ナノ粒子を入れ、8時間常温で攪拌する。pH感受性リガンドのジチオール基は、クエン酸塩のカルボキシル基に比べて金ナノ粒子との強い表面結合力を持っているので、クエン酸塩がpH感受性リガンドでリガンド交換される。その後、透析して余分なリガンドを除去する。
pH感受性金ナノ粒子をpH7.3水溶液とpH5.5水溶液状態にそれぞれ分散させ、分散してからそれぞれ10分、30分、120分、90分、60分経過した後、透過電子顕微鏡画像によってpH感受性金ナノ粒子の凝集有無を観察した。観察結果を図1に示した。図1に示すように、pH5.5の酸性条件で凝集体をなすことを直接観察した。pH感受性金ナノ粒子がpH7.3条件では経過時間を問わず平均15nmサイズでよく分散している。このようなpH感受性金ナノ粒子水溶液をpH5.5条件に変化させると、時間が経つにつれて凝集体を成しながら、このような凝集体が数μmサイズまで徐々に大きくなることが分かる。
合成したpH感受性金ナノ粒子を、正常細胞と同様のpH7.3環境、および癌細胞の周囲と同様のpH5.5環境に露出させた後、時間経過による吸収スペクトルを観測して測定した。pH7.3条件で分散させた後、24時間経過したときに吸光スペクトルを測定し、pH5.5のアセテート緩衝溶液に分散させてからそれぞれ10分、30分、90分経過したときに吸光スペクトルを測定して、その測定結果を図2に示した。
子宮頸癌細胞にpH感受性金ナノ粒子を処理した後、暗視野顕微鏡で撮影した。撮影された写真を図3に示した。凝集体を形成しながら吸収波長が長波長へ移動して赤色−近赤外線領域の光を吸収するので、暗視野顕微鏡で赤く見えることが分かる。
インビトロ(in vitro)条件でpH感受性金ナノ粒子の癌光熱治療試験を行った。実験群は子宮頸癌細胞とpH感受性金ナノ粒子を共に培養して癌細胞内にpH感受性ナノ粒子の捕獲を誘導した。比較群は、培養の際にpH感受性金ナノ粒子を入れていないサンプルである。実験群と比較群の各サンプルに、660nm波長を発光するレーザーを用いて10分間140mW、85mWおよび55mWのように互いに異なる出力のエネルギーで照射した。レーザー照射の後、実験群と比較群をトリパンブルー(trypan blue)溶液を用いて染色し、光学顕微鏡で観察した。撮影された写真を図4に示した。レーザーが照射された部分は図4に丸印で表示されている。
Claims (20)
- 前記金属ナノ粒子は、金属粒子または金属コーティング粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記金属は、金であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記化合物は、中性およびアルカリ性環境では負電荷であり、酸性環境では正電荷に変化することを特徴とする、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記化合物の加水分解によって前記化合物の電荷が変化することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子は、前記化合物の電荷が変化することによって凝集することを特徴とする、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子は凝集すると長波長の光を吸収することを特徴とする、請求項1、2または6に記載の金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記異常細胞は、酸性のpHを示す細胞であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記異常細胞は、癌細胞であることを特徴とする、請求項8または9に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子は、細胞内に導入されて前記細胞内で凝集することを特徴とする、請求項8乃至10のいずれか1項に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子は、金粒子または金コーティング粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項8乃至11のいずれか1項に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記化合物の少なくとも一部の電荷が、酸性のpH環境で変化することを特徴とする、請求項8乃至12のいずれか1項に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記化合物の電荷が、加水分解によって変化することを特徴とする、請求項8乃至13のいずれか1項に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 酸性のpH環境で前記化合物が加水分解すると、前記化合物の電荷が負電荷から正電荷に変化することを特徴とする、請求項14に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 平均粒径が20nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項8乃至12のいずれか1項に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記光は、赤色光または赤外光であることを特徴とする、請求項8乃至16のいずれか1項に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記光は、レーザーであることを特徴とする、請求項17に記載のpH感受性金属ナノ粒子。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子を投与し、前記ナノ粒子の暗視野顕微鏡写真を撮影して、癌を診断するために用いることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の金属ナノ粒子。
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