JP5569826B2 - 高分子ファイバーとその製造方法および製造装置 - Google Patents
高分子ファイバーとその製造方法および製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
Morphological and Surface Properties of Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibers; Biomacromolecules 2008, 9, 1000-1006. Electrospinning of chitosan nanofibers: Degradation behavior and cellular response to normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts; Biomaterials 2006, 27, 3934-3944. Electrospinning of chitosan dissolved in concentrated acetic acid solution; Biomaterials 2005, 26, 5427-5432. Electrospinning of Chitosan; Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2004, 25, 1600-1605.
前記高分子電解質溶液を前記ノズルに供給する供給手段と、
前記高分子電解質溶液中の高分子電解質の分子鎖が持つ電荷と逆極性の電圧を前記ノズルに印加する高電圧発生装置と、
前記ノズルより噴射されて生成した高分子ファイバーを捕集する電極板とを備えることを特徴としている。
(実施例1)
図1の装置を用いて高分子ファイバーを製造した。試料となる溶質としてのキトサンと溶媒、および紡糸条件は下記のとおりである。
試料
キトサンA:粘度平均分子量700,000 g/mol、脱アセチル化度88%
キトサンB:粘度平均分子量640,000 g/mol、脱アセチル化度95%
キトサンC:粘度平均分子量1,000,000 g/mol、脱アセチル化度80〜90%
溶媒:90%酢酸
紡糸条件
溶液濃度:0.8〜2wt%
ニードルからコレクターまでの距離:5〜10cm
電圧:−20〜−15kV、+15〜+20kV
送液速度:0.25〜0.5ml/h
湿度:20〜30%
ニードル:22G
粘度平均分子量の測定は、ウベローデ型粘度計を用いて行った。0.2 M酢酸、0.1 M塩化ナトリウムおよび4 M尿素から成る混合溶媒にキトサンを溶解して、0.4、0.2、0.1、0.05、0.025 wt%濃度の溶液を調製した。それぞれの溶液の25 ℃における粘度測定値から固有粘度[h]を求め、Mark-Houwink-Sakurada式(式1)より粘度平均分子量Mを算出した。ここで、定数Kおよびαはそれぞれ 8.93×10-2 cm3/g、0.71とした。
[η]=KMα (式1)
図5はキトサンAを用いて製造した高分子ファイバーの写真であり、図6はキトサンBを用いて製造した高分子ファイバーの写真であり、図7はキトサンCを用いて製造した高分子ファイバーの写真である。また図5,6,7の左図は各々、正電圧で電界紡糸された高分子ファイバーであり、右図は各々、負電圧で電界紡糸された高分子ファイバーである。
(実施例2)
粘度平均分子量1,000,000 g/mol、脱アセチル化度80〜90%のキトサンを用いて、溶液濃度が繊維形成に及ぼす影響を調べた。印加電圧を+16 kV一定として、溶液濃度を3.0 mg/mlから10.0 mg/mlの範囲で変化させた場合の紡糸結果を図9に示す。送液速度および紡糸距離はそれぞれ3.0 ml/hおよび50 mmとした。溶液濃度3.0 mg/mlのときは粒子状の析出物しか形成されなかった。溶液濃度4.0 mg/mlのときに繊維状の連続構造を有した析出物が観察され、溶液濃度の上昇に伴って析出物の繊維構造は明確になった。しかしながら、いずれの溶液濃度においても析出物にはビーズが含まれており、無欠陥状態の繊維を得ることは出来なかった。
2 ニードル
3 電極板
4 高電圧発生装置
5 マルチノズル
6 ベース面
7 高電圧ケーブル
Claims (11)
- 高分子電解質の溶液に電圧を印加し、前記溶液のジェットを噴射して高分子ファイバーを形成させる電界紡糸法により高分子ファイバーを製造する方法において、高分子電解質の溶液に印加する電圧を溶液中の高分子電解質の分子鎖が持つ電荷と逆極性の電圧として、溶液を噴射することを特徴とする高分子ファイバーの製造方法。
- 高分子電解質が、天然由来高分子(キトサン、ヒアルロン酸、ポリグルタミン酸、核酸、ポリペプチド、蛋白質、セルロース、および、これらの誘導体)のうちの少なくともいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子ファイバーの製造方法。
- 高分子電解質が、合成高分子(ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアクリル酸、ポリスチレンスルホン酸、ポリアリルアミン、ポリエチレンイミン)のうちの少なくともいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子ファイバーの製造方法。
- 高分子電解質が、天然由来高分子(キトサン、ヒアルロン酸、ポリグルタミン酸、核酸、ポリペプチド、蛋白質、セルロース、および、これらの誘導体)および合成高分子(ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアクリル酸、ポリスチレンスルホン酸、ポリアリルアミン、ポリエチレンイミン)のうちの少なくともいずれかの高分子電解質を成分としたブレンド(混合物)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高分子ファイバーの製造方法。
- 粘度平均分子量70,000〜1,000,000、繊維の平均直径56〜94nmのキトサンからなることを特徴とする高分子ファイバー。
- ビーズおよび粒子状析出物を含まないことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の高分子ファイバー。
- 繊維の平均直径の標準偏差が40nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載の高分子ファイバー。
- 請求項5から7のいずれかに記載の高分子ファイバーからなることを特徴とする不織布。
- 高分子電解質の溶液を噴射するノズルと、
前記高分子電解質の溶液を前記ノズルに供給する供給手段と、
前記高分子電解質の溶液中の高分子電解質の分子鎖が持つ電荷と逆極性の電圧を前記ノズルに印加する高電圧発生装置と、
前記ノズルより噴射されて生成した高分子ファイバーを捕集する電極板とを備えることを特徴とする高分子ファイバーの製造装置。 - 前記高電圧発生装置は、定電圧、正弦波状、および矩形波状から選ばれる少なくとも1種の電圧を印加可能とされていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の高分子ファイバーの製造装置。
- 前記高電圧発生装置からの電圧が印加されるベース面と、このベース面から突出し前記ベース面と電気的に導通する複数の前記ノズルとを有するマルチノズルを備えることを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の高分子ファイバーの製造装置。
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