JP5542332B2 - アノード排気を部分的にリサイクルする燃料電池システム - Google Patents
アノード排気を部分的にリサイクルする燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 455
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 231
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 231
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 207
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 86
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 99
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 59
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 49
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 49
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical group [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000968352 Scandia <hydrozoan> Species 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002075 lanthanum strontium manganite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);scandium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sc+3].[Sc+3] HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000011064 split stream procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本出願は、2005年7月25日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/701,976号の利益を主張し、該出願はその全体が参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、該して燃料電池システムの分野に関し、より詳細には、分圧スイング吸着法によってアノード排気燃料の回収を行う燃料電池システムに関する。
本発明の各実施形態は、高温燃料電池スタックの燃料排気流を2つのガス流に分割するシステムおよび方法を提供する。第一のガス流は、高温燃料電池スタックの燃料吸入流へとリサイクルされる。第二のガス流は、燃料排気流から水素を分離する水素分離装置へと送られてもよい。この水素分離装置は、分圧スイング吸着ユニットでも温度スイング吸着ユニットでもよく、電気化学ポンプ分離ユニット、例えばプロトン交換膜型分離ユニットでもよい。分離した水素は、同様に燃料吸入流へとリサイクルしてもよく、および/または水素貯蔵容器や水素使用装置、例えば車両に動力を供給するのに用いられる低温燃料電池スタックに供給してもよい。あるいは、第二のガス流は水素の分離をせずに排出しても、バーナーへ送ってもよい。本発明の一態様では、低温ブロワーを用いて所望量の燃料排気流を燃料吸入流へと制御可能にリサイクルする。この場合、燃料排気流は、低温ブロワーへ供給される前に十分に低い温度、例えば摂氏200度未満の温度にまで冷却される。以下の最初の4つの実施形態では、水素を燃料排気流から分離するのにオプションで使用してもよい分圧スイング吸着ユニットを説明する。その他の実施形態では、燃料排気流が2つのガス流に分割されるシステムを説明する。
本発明の第一の実施形態は、ガス分離、例えば、固体酸化物燃料電池スタックの燃料(すなわち、アノード側)排気からの燃料回収のための、4工程からなる分圧スイング吸着法(すなわち、濃度スイング吸着法)サイクルを提供する。吸着剤、例えば活性炭を充填した2つのベッドを用いて燃料排気から二酸化炭素と水分(すなわち、水蒸気)を吸着し、水素と一酸化炭素とを通過させる。これらベッドは、適度な相対湿度に、例えば約30%から約50%の相対湿度に乾燥させた空気を用いて、好ましくは逆方向に再生される。例えば、再生用の乾燥空気は、シリカゲルまたは活性アルミナを用いた温度スイング吸着サイクルで生成すればよい。更に、多くの水素を回収し、回収した燃料を空気が汚染しないよう、(複数の)フラッシュ工程が用いられる。吸着および再生(すなわち、フィードおよびパージ)工程の継続時間は、フラッシュ工程の継続時間の少なくとも5倍、例えば10〜50倍の長さが好ましい。
liter / min.)を得るには、0.28mol/minの水分を除去しなければならない。上記の処理能力では、シリカゲルは0.028kg/minの割合で消費される。2kgのシリカゲルを含むベッドは72分間使用可能である。シリカゲルの比重0.72(かさ密度45lb/ft3に対応)を考えると、このベッドは、この時間内にベッドの体積の4300倍のフィードガスを乾燥する(体積が2.8リットルのベッドで温度補正値で12,000リットルの湿ったフィードガスを乾燥)。この乾燥空気は導管5を通して装置1に供給される。
Claims (6)
- 燃料電池システムの運転方法であって:
燃料吸入流を改質装置に供給するステップと;
導管を通じて前記改質装置から改質物を直接的に燃料電池スタックに供給するステップと;
前記燃料電池スタックを運転して電気と200℃を超える温度の燃料排気流とを生成するステップと;
前記燃料排気流からの熱を利用して前記改質装置に供給される前の前記燃料吸入流を加熱するとともに前記燃料電池スタックに供給される空気吸入流を予熱することにより、前記燃料排気流の温度を200℃以下に下げるステップと;
前記燃料電池スタックから排出される空気排出流の熱を利用して、予熱された前記空気吸入流を更に加熱するステップと;
前記燃料排気流を第一の燃料排気分流と第二の燃料排気分流とに分割するステップと;
前記第一の燃料排気分流を前記燃料吸入流へとリサイクルするステップと;を含む方法。 - 低温ブロワーを用いて200℃以下の温度の前記第一の燃料排気分流を前記燃料吸入流へと制御可能にリサイクルするステップ;を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第二の燃料排気分流に含まれる水素の少なくとも一部を分離するステップと;
前記分離した水素の少なくとも一部を水素使用装置、水素貯蔵容器、燃料吸入流の少なくとも1つに供給するステップと;を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記燃料排気流を制御可能に分割するのに用いる多方弁と、前記第一の燃料排気分流を制御可能にリサイクルするのに用いるブロワーとのうち少なくとも一方をコンピューターを用いて制御するステップ;を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 燃料電池システムであって:
高温燃料電池スタックと;
改質装置と;
前記改質装置からの改質物が直接的に前記燃料電池スタックに供給されるように、前記改質装置の出力口を前記燃料電池スタックの燃料供給口に接続する導管と;
スタック燃料排気流からの熱を利用して、前記改質装置に供給される前の燃料吸入流を加熱するよう構成された燃料熱交換器および前記燃料電池スタックに供給される空気吸入流を予熱するよう構成された空気予熱熱交換器であって、スタック燃料排気流の温度を200℃超の温度から200℃未満の温度へと低下させるように構成された前記燃料熱交換器および前記空気予熱熱交換器と;
前記空気予熱熱交換器の下流側に位置され、前記燃料電池スタックから排出される空気排出流により前記空気吸入流を更に加熱するように構成された空気熱交換器と;
前記燃料排気流を第一の燃料排気分流と第二の燃料排気分流とに分割するように構成された燃料排気分配装置と;
温度が200℃未満の前記第一の燃料排気分流を前記燃料吸入流へと制御可能にリサイクルするように構成された低温ブロワーと; を備える、燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料排気分配装置は、前記スタックからの燃料排気流を第一の燃料排気分流と第二の燃料排気分流とに制御可能に分割するように構成されたコンピューター制御の多方弁であり;
前記低温ブロワーは、前記第一の燃料排気分流を燃料電池スタックの燃料吸入流へと制御可能にリサイクルするように構成されたコンピュータ制御のブロワーである、請求項5に記載の燃料電池システム。
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2006
- 2006-07-24 EP EP06800263.3A patent/EP1908143B1/en active Active
- 2006-07-24 JP JP2008524022A patent/JP5542332B2/ja active Active
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JP2021141031A (ja) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-09-16 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2009503789A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
WO2007014127A2 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
US20100239924A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
WO2007014127A3 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
EP1908143A4 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
EP1908143B1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
US9911989B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
EP1908143A2 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
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