JP5539752B2 - 加熱平面要素 - Google Patents
加熱平面要素 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5539752B2 JP5539752B2 JP2010040689A JP2010040689A JP5539752B2 JP 5539752 B2 JP5539752 B2 JP 5539752B2 JP 2010040689 A JP2010040689 A JP 2010040689A JP 2010040689 A JP2010040689 A JP 2010040689A JP 5539752 B2 JP5539752 B2 JP 5539752B2
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- adhesive
- planar element
- layer
- self
- polymer material
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tamibarotene Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000015 thermotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
- B60R1/02—Rear-view mirror arrangements
- B60R1/06—Rear-view mirror arrangements mounted on vehicle exterior
- B60R1/0602—Rear-view mirror arrangements mounted on vehicle exterior comprising means for cleaning or deicing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
- H05B3/845—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields specially adapted for reflecting surfaces, e.g. bathroom - or rearview mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/006—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using interdigitated electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
Description
(a1)少なくとも部分的に、一般式CH2=C(R1)(COOR2’)(式中、R1は、HまたはCH3基であり、R2’は、飽和、非分岐または分岐の、置換または非置換C2〜C20アルキル基からなる群から選択される)の少なくとも1種のアクリルモノマーをベースとするポリマー、および
(a2)少なくとも部分的に、特に、官能基を有するビニル化合物、無水マレイン酸、スチレン、スチレン化合物、酢酸ビニル、アクリルアミド、および二重結合によって官能化された光開始剤から選択することができる、少なくとも1種のアクリルモノマーと重合可能なコモノマーをベースとするポリマー。
平面要素の可撓性を測定(試験D)するために、片側で懸架された長さ10cmおよび幅2cmの平面要素ストリップのその自重の下の撓みを、水平姿勢で測定した。そのために、図3に概略的に示す構成を使用した。図3には、自己接着剤層30と、接触層20と、加熱層10とからなる自己加熱可能な平面要素が示されており、接触層20は、二重櫛型構造を有する。試験は、感圧接着剤平面に被覆材料を設けずに行った。この場合、ストリップは、ストリップの長手方向に対して実質的に横方向に導電路が延びるように切断した。全ての測定を、室温で、空気調和条件下で行った。
ベース感圧接着剤: 7.4N/cm
加熱可能な感圧接着剤:6.3N/cm
ベース・ホットメルト接着剤 4.5N/cm
加熱可能なホットメルト接着剤 2.9N/cm
実施例1:53℃
実施例2:54℃
比較例1:54℃
実施例1:75mm
実施例2:60mm
比較例1:15mm
自己加熱可能な感圧接着剤 1.15MΩ
自己加熱可能なホットメルト接着剤 118kΩ
変形可能なポリマー材料 2.6kΩ
第1の変形不能なポリマー材料 90Ω
第2の変形不能なポリマー材料 50Ω
10 加熱層
11 加熱層
16 永久支持体
20 接触層
21 金属ミラー層
22 感圧接着剤層
23 さらなる自己接着剤層
30 追加の自己接着剤層
40 ガラス板
50 第1の加熱層
60 積層接着剤層
Claims (16)
- 加熱層と接触層とを含む自己接着性平面要素であって、
前記加熱層が、
前記接触層の2つの面の一方と接触し、前記接触層と導電接続されており、かつ
電流が導通するときに加熱される導体として構成された自己加熱可能な第1のポリマー材料からなる、
自己接着性平面要素において、
前記接触層が、導電性の第2のポリマー材料からなり、
前記第1のポリマー材料および前記第2のポリマー材料が、
それぞれ、エラストマーおよび/またはプラスチックポリマーをベースとするポリマー材料であり、
それぞれ、300mm/分の伸長速度および23℃の温度で、20%よりも大きい破断伸びを有し、さらに、1000MPa未満の引張弾性率を有する
ことを特徴とする自己接着性平面要素。 - 前記第1のポリマー材料および/または前記第2のポリマー材料が、自己接着剤であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の平面要素。
- 前記自己接着剤が、アクリレートおよび/またはメタクリレート、ポリウレタン、天然ゴム、合成ゴム、および/またはシリコーンをベースとする感圧接着剤であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の平面要素。
- 前記自己接着剤が、ポリオレフィンおよびポリオレフィンのコポリマー、および/またはそれらの酸修飾誘導体、アイオノマー、熱可塑性ポリウレタン、ポリアミドおよびそれらのコポリマー、および/またはスチレンブロックコポリマーなどのブロックコポリマーをベースとするホットメルト接着剤であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の平面要素。
- 前記平面要素が、さらに、自己接着剤を含む接着剤層を含み、前記接着剤層が、前記接触層の2つの面の他方と接触することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素。
- 前記第1のポリマー材料が、PTC抵抗体であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素。
- 前記第2のポリマー材料が、PTC抵抗体でないことを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素。
- 前記接触層の電気抵抗が、前記加熱層の電気抵抗の10分の1未満であることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素。
- 20%よりも大きく前記接触層が伸長した際に、前記接触層の電気抵抗が、最大で3倍にしか増加しないことを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素。
- 前記接触層が、分岐した櫛型構造または指型構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素。
- 前記第1のポリマー材料および/または前記第2のポリマー材料が、少なくとも1種の導電性フィラーを含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素。
- 前記導電性フィラーが、金属粒子、グラファイト、カーボンナノ粒子、およびカーボンブラックを含む群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の平面要素。
- 支持体なしで構成されることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素。
- 支持体を含み、前記支持体が、300mm/分の伸長速度および23℃の温度で、20%よりも大きい破断伸びを有し、さらに、1000MPa未満の引張弾性率を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素。
- 特に、接着基板として透明板またはミラー板を備える、接着基板と、請求項1〜14のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素とからなる接着複合体。
- 自動車産業における、特に接着基板上にある請求項15に記載の接着複合体を加熱するための請求項1〜14のいずれか一つに記載の平面要素の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102009010437A DE102009010437A1 (de) | 2009-02-26 | 2009-02-26 | Beheiztes Flächenelement |
DE102009010437.2 | 2009-02-26 |
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JP2010199071A JP2010199071A (ja) | 2010-09-09 |
JP5539752B2 true JP5539752B2 (ja) | 2014-07-02 |
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JP2010040689A Expired - Fee Related JP5539752B2 (ja) | 2009-02-26 | 2010-02-25 | 加熱平面要素 |
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US (1) | US8283612B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2224784B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5539752B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101650440B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101848565B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE557572T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102009010437A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2386762T3 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2010001984A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2010107095A (ja) |
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KR20100097629A (ko) | 2010-09-03 |
JP2010199071A (ja) | 2010-09-09 |
DE102009010437A1 (de) | 2010-09-02 |
KR101650440B1 (ko) | 2016-08-23 |
US8283612B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
US20100213189A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
RU2010107095A (ru) | 2011-08-27 |
EP2224784B1 (de) | 2012-05-09 |
ATE557572T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
CN101848565A (zh) | 2010-09-29 |
MX2010001984A (es) | 2010-08-25 |
ES2386762T3 (es) | 2012-08-29 |
EP2224784A1 (de) | 2010-09-01 |
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